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Articles 1 - 30 of 93
Full-Text Articles in Law
Surprises In The Skies: Resolving The Circuit Split On How Courts Should Determine Whether An "Accident" Is "Unexpected Or Unusual" Under The Montreal Convention, Ashley Tang
Washington Law Review
Article 17 of both the Montreal Convention and its predecessor, the Warsaw Convention, imposes liability onto air carriers for certain injuries and damages from “accidents” incurred by passengers during international air carriage. However, neither Convention defines the term “accident.” While the United States Supreme Court opined that, for the purposes of Article 17, an air carrier’s liability “arises only if a passenger’s injury is caused by an unexpected or unusual event or happening that is external to the passenger,” it did not explain what standards lower courts should employ to discern whether an event is “unexpected or unusual.” In 2004, …
Global Law And The Environment, Robert V. Percival
Global Law And The Environment, Robert V. Percival
Washington Law Review
This Article explores three areas in which globalization is profoundly affecting the development of a global environmental law. First, countries increasingly are borrowing law and regulatory innovations from one another to respond to common environmental problems. Although this is not an entirely new phenomenon, it is occurring at an unprecedented pace. Second, lawsuits seeking to hold companies liable for environmental harm they have caused outside their home countries are raising new questions concerning the appropriate venue for such transnational liability litigation and the standards courts should apply for enforcement of foreign judgments. Third, nongovernmental organizations are playing an increasingly important …
The Limits Of Global Judicial Dialogue, David S. Law, Wen-Chen Chang
The Limits Of Global Judicial Dialogue, David S. Law, Wen-Chen Chang
Washington Law Review
The notion that “global judicial dialogue” is contributing to the globalization of constitutional law has attracted considerable attention. Various scholars have characterized the citation of foreign law by constitutional courts as a form of “dialogue” that both reflects and fosters the emergence of a common global enterprise of constitutional adjudication. It has also been claimed that increasing direct interaction between judges, face-to-face or otherwise, fuels the growth of a global constitutional jurisprudence. This Article challenges these claims on empirical grounds and offers an alternative account of the actual reasons for which constitutional courts engage in comparative analysis. First, it is …
The Russian Title Registration System For Realty And Its Effect On Foreign Investors, Lev S. Batalov
The Russian Title Registration System For Realty And Its Effect On Foreign Investors, Lev S. Batalov
Washington Law Review
The recent privatization of real property is an important step in Russia's transition from a planned to market economy. This privatization creates opportunities for foreigners in the Russian realty market. However, foreigners are not likely to enter this market unless rights to immovable property are certain and secure. This Comment describes the new Russian immovable property Registration Law and argues that, despite its drawbacks, it creates a workable system that will provide certainty and security in rights to Russian immovable property. Furthermore, the Comment advises foreign investors on how to avoid potential problems the new law creates.
The Roles Of Comparative Law: Inaugural Lecture For The Dan Fenno Henderson Professorship In East Asian Legal Studies, Daniel H. Foote
The Roles Of Comparative Law: Inaugural Lecture For The Dan Fenno Henderson Professorship In East Asian Legal Studies, Daniel H. Foote
Washington Law Review
Being named to the Dan Fenno Henderson Professorship in East Asian Legal Studies is at one and the same time a proud and truly humbling moment. It is especially humbling to hold a professorship bearing the illustrious name of Dan Fenno Henderson. In the Japanese law field, Henderson is without peer. He created the field as we know it today, and his accomplishments are truly staggering.
A Comparison Of Processes For Reforming Migration Laws In Transitional States: China, Kazakhstan, And Albania, James A.R. Nafziger
A Comparison Of Processes For Reforming Migration Laws In Transitional States: China, Kazakhstan, And Albania, James A.R. Nafziger
Washington Law Review
This article will highlight the problems confronting China, Kazakhstan, and Albania as well as the divergent agencies and systems for drafting, enacting and otherwise reforming their migration laws. The institutional processes of reform are particularly noteworthy. A comparison of them among the three countries suggests dominance by political and cultural determinants, along with administrative and economic issues, in forming migration policy and law within modem legal systems. This insight helps explain the constraints on the efficacy of administrative tinkering in improving the migration laws of the United States and other countries.
A Shifting Barrier? Difficulties Obtaining Patent Infringement Damages In Japan, Scott K. Dinwiddie
A Shifting Barrier? Difficulties Obtaining Patent Infringement Damages In Japan, Scott K. Dinwiddie
Washington Law Review
American economic interests previously have criticized the Japanese patent system as a trade barrier. Recent agreements between the United States and Japan should help reduce the difficulties Americans have had obtaining patents in Japan. However, Americans who acquire Japanese patents are likely to be disappointed and discouraged by the formal protection afforded their new property. The patent enforcement system in Japan provides limited judicial remedies. Equitable relief is difficult to enforce. The full value of monetary damages is extremely difficult to prove, and the possibility for equitable recovery of damages in excess of those proved does not exist. The cost …
Gilding The Iron Rice Bowl: The Illusion Of Shareholder Rights In China, Matthew D. Latimer
Gilding The Iron Rice Bowl: The Illusion Of Shareholder Rights In China, Matthew D. Latimer
Washington Law Review
In the late 1970s, the People's Republic of China (P.R.C.) embarked upon a program of economic reform that has resulted in the issuance of equity securities in previously state-owned enterprises. with the recent advent of national stockmarkets, national securities legislation is emerging to supplement and further define prior local-level regulation. Despite these new laws, however, private investors still lack many of the protections enjoyed by investors in Western financial markets. This Comment examines these disparities and suggests that non-state investors in China's nascent financial markets still lack an effective means of overseeing the policy decisions of State-owned corporations and face …
Philippine Land Reform: The Just Compensation Issue, Timothy Milton Hanstad
Philippine Land Reform: The Just Compensation Issue, Timothy Milton Hanstad
Washington Law Review
This Comment analyzes current Philippine land reform efforts, focusing on the constitutional definition of just compensation. First, the Comment discusses past Philippine land reform efforts. Second, the Comment analyzes legal arguments relating to a fair market value interpretation of just compensation. The Comment concludes that just compensation does not need to be interpreted as fair market value. In fact, such an interpretation may effectively abort any land reform effort in the Philippines, and perpetuate the structure of land ownership which the constitution seeks to remedy. Finally, this Comment proposes an alternative interpretation for land reform valuation that meets the just …
Philippine Land Reform: The Just Compensation Issue, Timothy Milton Hanstad
Philippine Land Reform: The Just Compensation Issue, Timothy Milton Hanstad
Washington Law Review
This Comment analyzes current Philippine land reform efforts, focusing on the constitutional definition of just compensation. First, the Comment discusses past Philippine land reform efforts. Second, the Comment analyzes legal arguments relating to a fair market value interpretation of just compensation. The Comment concludes that just compensation does not need to be interpreted as fair market value. In fact, such an interpretation may effectively abort any land reform effort in the Philippines, and perpetuate the structure of land ownership which the constitution seeks to remedy. Finally, this Comment proposes an alternative interpretation for land reform valuation that meets the just …
Dispute Resolution In China, Robert F. Utter
Dispute Resolution In China, Robert F. Utter
Washington Law Review
It gives me great pleasure to submit this essay as part of a tribute to Professor Luvern Rieke. I first met him in his initial year of teaching contracts at the University of Washington, when I was a beginning law student. We later worked together in a variety of contexts including ecumenical religious projects; matters concerning domestic relations subjects when I served on the King County Superior Court bench; and on the Judicial Council, where I served as a member of the Washington State Supreme Court. To each role he brought a unique combination of personal qualities: he was thoughtful, …
On The Limits Of "Grand Theory" In Comparative Law, William P. Alford
On The Limits Of "Grand Theory" In Comparative Law, William P. Alford
Washington Law Review
I am pleased that the American Association for the Comparative Study of Law has decided to focus upon the legal systems of East Asia this year, and flattered that Professor Dan Henderson, who has organized today's program, has asked me to speak about the question of "comparability" with respect to China. In so doing, Professor Henderson is clearly heeding Deng Xiaoping's message to turn to youth-albeit in this case, callow youth. Since he has been kind enough to do so, I hope that you will be equally kind in not blaming him for my remarks. This talk is dedicated to …
Patriation Of The Canadian Constitution: Comparative Federalism In A New Context, William C. Hodge
Patriation Of The Canadian Constitution: Comparative Federalism In A New Context, William C. Hodge
Washington Law Review
The Canadian constitution, also known as the British North America Act, 1867, has been "patriated." Of that bundle of sticks that, fastened together, constitute sovereign autonomy, a significant few continued to rest with the British Parliament until 1982—a condition the Canadians found humiliating and the British embarrassing. With the passage of the Canada Act by the Parliament of the United Kingdom on March 29, 1982, and with royal approval, the Canadians became masters of their own house, having gained complete internal powers of constitutional amendment. But an equally important constitutional event was the process of patriation itself inasmuch as it …
The Role Of The Supreme Court Of Japan In The Field Of Judicial Administration, Takaaki Hattori
The Role Of The Supreme Court Of Japan In The Field Of Judicial Administration, Takaaki Hattori
Washington Law Review
This article focuses on the Japanese Supreme Court's exercise of its power of judicial administration. The article places special emphasis on the management of the judiciary and on rulemaking, both quite novel to the Japanese court.
Antitrust Sanctions And Remedies: A Comparative Study Of German And Japanese Law, John O. Haley
Antitrust Sanctions And Remedies: A Comparative Study Of German And Japanese Law, John O. Haley
Washington Law Review
The legal systems of the Federal Republic and Japan have much in common. The basic institutions and concepts of German civil, criminal, and administrative law provided the principal models for Japan's legal reforms during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Contemporary legislation and doctrinal changes in the Federal Republic also continue to influence Japanese legal developments. Despite the American origins of Japanese antitrust legislation, which was drafted by Americans and imposed during the Occupation on a less than enthusiastic Japanese government, the influence of German law and practice on Japanese antitrust law, at least since 1953, has been profound. …
Japan's Commission On The Constitution: The Final Report, Translated And Edited By John M. Maki (1980), Frank K. Upham
Japan's Commission On The Constitution: The Final Report, Translated And Edited By John M. Maki (1980), Frank K. Upham
Washington Law Review
The Final Report, which has been well translated and intelligently edited by John M. Maki, demonstrates to an almost excruciating extent this concern for fairness and balance. The first three parts of the Report chronicle the creation, structure, procedure, and central issues of the Commission's work. In doing so, they catalog issues and positions and explain the mechanics of the Commission, but do little else. For those interested in the substantive views espoused, Part Four, The Opinions of the Commissioners, will hold the most interest.
Federalism And The Soviet Constitution Of 1977: Commonwealth Perspectives, William C. Hodge
Federalism And The Soviet Constitution Of 1977: Commonwealth Perspectives, William C. Hodge
Washington Law Review
Part I of this article will consider the 1977 Constitution in a general manner, focusing on the debate over whether it represents an advancement of the rule of law, or an embodiment of arbitrary party power. Part II will focus on the validity of the Soviet model of federal republican sovereignty. Throughout, the experience and constitutions of other nations will be drawn upon for comparison and analysis.
Standing, The "New Property," And The Costs Of Welfare: Dilemmas In American And West German Provider-Administration, Robert Dugan
Standing, The "New Property," And The Costs Of Welfare: Dilemmas In American And West German Provider-Administration, Robert Dugan
Washington Law Review
The overwhelming increase in governmental welfare, subsidy, and licensing programs in the United States' recent history has prompted substantial acadenic controversy and judicial uncertainty over the requisites for standing to challenge the decisions of our provider-administration. Looking beyond our traditional theories, Mr. Dugan examines recent decisions of the West German Federal Administrative Court with respect to mandatory and discretionary governmental benefits which are deemed to create rights in their intended beneficiaries. He argues that the most sound analytical approach to the problem as we now view it would be to apply a "violated right" standard, since injury depends upon violation …
The Right To Fair Hearing In Japanese Administrative Law, Nathaniel L. Nathanson, Yasuhiro Fujita
The Right To Fair Hearing In Japanese Administrative Law, Nathaniel L. Nathanson, Yasuhiro Fujita
Washington Law Review
The right to fair hearing in contemporary Japanese administrative law is a tender plant, lacking deep roots in historical tradition, and struggling for survival in a relatively hostile environment, Fair hearing was a concept practically unknown to the administrative law of pre-war Japan, which, taking its cue from German and French law, relied principally, not on the procedural rights of the individual, but rather upon the skill and dedication of administrators for the achievement of efficiency and justice, with only occasional judicial review by the Administrative Court. The Anglo-American maxim that "he who decides must hear" was indeed foreign to …
Civil Procedure In France, By Peter Herzog With Martha Weser(1967), Jean-Louis Baudouin
Civil Procedure In France, By Peter Herzog With Martha Weser(1967), Jean-Louis Baudouin
Washington Law Review
The Columbia University School of Law project on international procedure has already published three books on foreign civil procedure. Civil Procedure in France is a significant and most important addition to this series, for to my knowledge it constitutes the first comprehensive study of modern French civil procedure in the English language.
Introduction: Perspectives On The Japanese Constitution After Twenty Years, Dan Fenno Henderson
Introduction: Perspectives On The Japanese Constitution After Twenty Years, Dan Fenno Henderson
Washington Law Review
The articles in this symposium are concerned with several major problems encountered en route from the promulgation to present social realization of the new style of Japanese constitutionalism. We have taken this opportunity to reflect after twenty years upon the problems of structure, political milieu, and continuity with the past. To some, continuity with the Meiji Constitution (1889-1947) might seem farfetched until we remember that it had several characteristics in common with the new Constitution: both followed foreign models (German and Anglo-American); both were far in advance of the social realities which they sought to transform; both were thus a …
The Japanese Constitutional Style, John M. Maki
The Japanese Constitutional Style, John M. Maki
Washington Law Review
This examination of Japan's constitutional style is based on the manner in which the following factors have contributed to its development or have become elements of it: past constitutional history, the broad reaction against militarism and authoritarianism, basic constitutional principles, the renunciation of war, the electoral system, the structure of government, the relationship between the government and the people, education and the mass media, the intellectuals, changing social relations, popular controversy and the issue of revision. The conclusion will be that the 1947 Constitution has been firmly woven into the general institutional framework of Japanese society and will endure. Even …
Twenty Years Of Revisionism, H. Fukui
Twenty Years Of Revisionism, H. Fukui
Washington Law Review
It would seem most natural that the 1947 Constitution of Japan should have been the target of strong revisionist pressure in the years following its promulgation, considering its contents and the special circumstances of its making. However, looking back upon the developments in this revisionist movement, one is struck by the degree of ambivalence and confusion in the attitudes of both the proponents. and opponents of revision and by the apparent failure of the former to effect revision. It is my view that these two impressions are very intimately interrelated and that an understanding of this relationship is necessary if …
Pollitical Questions And Judicial Review: A Comparison, Kisaburo Yokota
Pollitical Questions And Judicial Review: A Comparison, Kisaburo Yokota
Washington Law Review
Although the power of judicial review is granted in unmistakable terms, Japanese courts have proceeded with great caution and discretion in their exercise of the power. One aspect of the Japanese courts' caution is illustrated by its use of the political question doctrine. Under this doctrine the judicial branch recognizes the validity of determinations of the political branches and does not review them to see whether they conform to the Constitution. The rationale is that the Constitution itself places some questions solely under the competence of the political branches of the government.
Protection Of Property Rights And Due Process Of Law In The Japanese Constitution, Nobushige Ukai, Nathaniel L. Nathanson
Protection Of Property Rights And Due Process Of Law In The Japanese Constitution, Nobushige Ukai, Nathaniel L. Nathanson
Washington Law Review
Some writers find a reflection of the due process clauses of the fifth and fourteenth amendments of the United States Constitution in Article 31 of the 1946 Japanese Constitution. Article 31 provides: "No person shall be deprived of life or liberty, nor shall any other criminal penalty be imposed, except according to procedure established by law." Obviously there are disparities as well as similarities between this article and the American due process clauses. Since the Japanese Constitution was framed under the direction of the Supreme Command Allied Powers (SCAP), during the allied occupation, the similarities are not surprising. Many of …
The "Right Of Silence" In Japanese Law, B. J. George, Jr.
The "Right Of Silence" In Japanese Law, B. J. George, Jr.
Washington Law Review
The concept of a right of silence, particularly in the case of an accused person, was totally unknown in traditional Japanese law. Tokugawa procedure made no clear-cut distinction between civil and criminal or judicial and administrative proceedings; those embroiled in disputes were expected, indeed required, to make full revelation of everything which bore on the propriety of their activity. In what today would be a criminal proceeding, the defendant was expected to respond to questioning; and he could be tortured until he made the requisite statement. During the first decade or two of the Meiji period (1868-1912) some changes were …
Appendix: Opinion On Some Constitutional Problems—The Rule Of Law, Kenzo Takayanagi
Appendix: Opinion On Some Constitutional Problems—The Rule Of Law, Kenzo Takayanagi
Washington Law Review
Translator's Note: On July 19, 1963, at the 114th plenary session of the Commission on the Constitution, the late Professor Kenzo Takayanagi, its chairman, submitted a long opinion on constitutional problems. It was published as a 76-page appendix to the minutes of that session. The opinion was organized into nine sections: General Problems (an evaluation of the process of enactment, constitutional revision, constitutional interpretation, and the written style of the Constitution totalling 8 pages); The Emperor (7 pages); The Renunciation of War (9 pages); The Rule of Law (24 pages); The Parliamentary Cabinet System (19 pages); Finances (3 pages); Local …
Japanese Judicial Review Of Legislation: The First Twenty Years, Dan Fenno Henderson
Japanese Judicial Review Of Legislation: The First Twenty Years, Dan Fenno Henderson
Washington Law Review
The shift in 1947 from a political to a legal (or justiciable) constitution of Anglo-American design meant also a shift from professors to the courts as the authoritative expounders of the Constitution, though of course the leading critics and synthesizers are still the scholars. Soon followed, for the first time, a body of Supreme Court decisions which became the detailed sources of constitutional law, presaging adoption throughout the legal profession of a new juristic method in the public law field using scholarly theories where appropriate but rooted in case analysis. These changes in professional roles, sources and methods have caused …
Treaties And The Constitution, Isao Sato
Treaties And The Constitution, Isao Sato
Washington Law Review
Problems of the validity of treaties in a constitutional order concern aspects of both international and constitutional law. The chief concern of this article, however, is the effect of the Japanese Supreme Court's power of judicial review upon the validity of treaties in domestic law. The relationship of treaties and the Constitution long has been a favorite theme of Japanese international law scholars. Under the new Constitution it has become an urgent and unavoidable issue for constitutional law scholars as well; the present constitution, unlike the Meiji Constitution, has provisions, (Articles 81 and 98), which bear directly upon the problem.
Some Reminiscences Of Japan's Commission On The Constitution, Kenzo Takayanagi
Some Reminiscences Of Japan's Commission On The Constitution, Kenzo Takayanagi
Washington Law Review
On June 11, 1956, the Commission on the Constitution was created. Its duties, as laid down by the enacting statute, were "to examine the Constitution of Japan, to investigate and deliberate on problems related thereto, and to report the results to the Cabinet and through the Cabinet to the National Diet." When the work of the Commission on the Constitution was approaching an end in 1964, there was informal talk about attempting an English translation of at least the Final Report. For a variety of reasons, this idea failed to materialize. However, there have been at least two excellent articles …