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Articles 91 - 120 of 126
Full-Text Articles in Other Engineering
A Comparison Of Time-Domain Time-Scale Modification Algorithms, David Dorran, Robert Lawlor, Eugene Coyle
A Comparison Of Time-Domain Time-Scale Modification Algorithms, David Dorran, Robert Lawlor, Eugene Coyle
Conference papers
Time-domain appraoches to time-scale modification are popular due to their ability to produce high quality results at a relatively low computational cost. Within the category of time-domain implementations quite a number of alternatives exist, each with their own computational requirements and associated output quality. This paper provides a computational and objective output quality assessment of a number of popular time-domain time-scaling implmentations; thus providing a means for developers to identify a suitable algorithm for their application of interest. In addition, the issues that should be considered in developing time-domain algorithms are outlines, purely in the context of a waveform editing …
Women, Engineering And Research: Providing Choice And Balance, Cecilia Chan, Mike Murphy
Women, Engineering And Research: Providing Choice And Balance, Cecilia Chan, Mike Murphy
Conference papers
“Research cannot reach its full potential when half the population is excluded from its activities”1. Women researchers in engineering remain a minority in both Higher Education and industry in Ireland. Recent statistics of women graduating in science and engineering indicated an increase (a slow increase) but the numbers moving through to completion of PhD and careers in academia or industry remain quite low. Statistics on women in professorial and senior positions within the engineering sector also remains low. The educated workforce produced in Ireland by its education system is acknowledged as a key factor in attracting international investment to the …
Recruiting First Year Engineering Undergraduates, Eddie Conlon
Recruiting First Year Engineering Undergraduates, Eddie Conlon
Conference papers
This paper presents findings of three surveys conducted with first year students in the Faculty of Engineering in the Dublin Institute of Technology. It presents evidence on the reasons students study engineering, their sources of information on higher education programmes and the people who influence their decision to do engineering. It shows there are gaps in the students’ knowledge of their programmes and also between their expectations and their experience of their course. Some proposed areas of action are identified to increase both recruitment and retention. It is argued that projecting an image of engineering as a creative activity would …
Towards An Inverse Constant Q Transform, Derry Fitzgerald, Matt Cranitch, Marcin T. Cychowski
Towards An Inverse Constant Q Transform, Derry Fitzgerald, Matt Cranitch, Marcin T. Cychowski
Conference papers
The Constant Q transform has found use in the analysis of musical signals due to its logarithmic frequency resolution. Unfortunately, a considerable drawback of the Constant Q Transform is that there is no inverse transform. Here we show it is possible to obtain a good quality approximate inverse to the Constant Q transform provided that the signal to be inverted has a sparse representation in the Discrete Fourier transform domain. This inverse is obtained through the use of lo and l1 minimisation approaches to project the signal from the constant Q domain back to the Discrete Fourier Transform domain. Once …
Understanding The European Bologna Process, Michael Dyrenfurth, Mike Murphy
Understanding The European Bologna Process, Michael Dyrenfurth, Mike Murphy
Conference papers
This paper describes the European Bologna process, provides a ‘mid-term’ review of its implementation status and discusses its possible positive and negative impacts on US – European links in the fields of engineering and technology education. The first section of this paper describes the meaning and rationale behind each of the Bologna objectives, and why there is a need to establish a European area of higher education. It also comments on how these objectives are interpreted within educational institutions. The second section provides a mid-term report on the implementation status within European universities, focussed primarily on engineering and technology education. …
Sound Source Separation Using Shifted Non-Negative Tensor Factorisation, Eugene Coyle, Derry Fitzgerald, Matt Cranitch
Sound Source Separation Using Shifted Non-Negative Tensor Factorisation, Eugene Coyle, Derry Fitzgerald, Matt Cranitch
Conference papers
Recently, shifted non-negative Matrix Factorisation was developed as a means of separating harmonic instruments from single channel mixtures. However, in many cases two or more channels are available, in which case it would be advantageous to have a multichannel version of the algorithm. To this end, a shifted Non-negative Tensor Factorisation algorithm is derived, which extends shifted Non-negative Matrix Factoristiaon to the multi channel case. The use of this algorithm for multi-channel sound source separation of harmonic instruments is demonstrated. Further, it is shown that the algorithm can be used to perform Non-negative Tensor Deconvolution, to separate sound sources which …
Introducing Pvspitch: A Pitch Tracking Opcode For Csound, Alan O'Cinneide
Introducing Pvspitch: A Pitch Tracking Opcode For Csound, Alan O'Cinneide
Conference papers
An accurate pitch tracker has many useful applications, whether for creating interactive electroacoustic compositions, music transcription, ethnomusicological research and numerous others. Designed for the Csound sound synthesis and signal processing language, PVSPITCH is an opcode that can be utilised for such purposes. The opcode performs a mathemathical analysis upon Csound's phase vocoder data streams and from this examination, ascertains what it determines to be the signal's pitch. The algorithm handles well many types of signals, including those missing various harmonics, even a fundamental, and also signals with inharmonic partials. The only signal restriction are that it be single voiced, strongly …
Comparison Of Signal Reconstruction Methods For The Azimuth Discrimination And Resynthesis Algorithm, Dan Barry, Robert Lawlor, Eugene Coyle
Comparison Of Signal Reconstruction Methods For The Azimuth Discrimination And Resynthesis Algorithm, Dan Barry, Robert Lawlor, Eugene Coyle
Conference papers
The Azimuth Discrimination and Resynthesis algorithm (ADRess) has been shown to produce high quality sound source separation results for intensity panned stereo recordings. There are however, artifacts such as phasiness which become apparent in the separated signals under certain conditions. This is largely due to the fact that only the magnitude spectra for the separated sources are estimated. Each source is then resynthesised using the phase information obtained from the original mixture. This paper describes the nature and origin of the associated artifacts and proposes alternative techniques for resynthesising the separated signals. A comparison of each technque is then presented.
Onset Detection Using Comb Filters, Mikel Gainza, Bob Lawlor, Eugene Coyle
Onset Detection Using Comb Filters, Mikel Gainza, Bob Lawlor, Eugene Coyle
Conference papers
A technique for detecting note onsets using FIR comb filters which have different filter delays is presented. The proposed onset detector focuses on the inharmonic characteristics of the onset component and the energy increases of the signal. Both properties are combined by utilising FIR comb filters on a frame by frame basis in order to obtain an onset detection functions, which is suitable for detecting slow onsets. The proposed approach improves upon existing methods in terms of the percentage of correct detections in signal processing.
Drum Source Separation Using Percussive Feature Detection And Spectral Modulation, Dan Barry, Derry Fitzgerald, Eugene Coyle, Robert Lawlor
Drum Source Separation Using Percussive Feature Detection And Spectral Modulation, Dan Barry, Derry Fitzgerald, Eugene Coyle, Robert Lawlor
Conference papers
This papers presents a method for the separation and resynthesis of drum sources from single channel polyphonic mixtures. The frequency domain technique involves identifying the presence of a drum using a novel percussive feature detection function, after which the short-time magniture spectrum is estimated and scaled according to an estimated time-amplitude function derived from the percussive measure. In addition to producing high quality separation results, the method described is also a useful pre-process for drum transcription techniques such as Prior Subspace Analysis in the presence of pitched instruments.
Audio Time-Scale Modification Using A Hybrid Time-Frequency Domain Approach, David Dorran, Eugene Coyle, Robert Lawlor
Audio Time-Scale Modification Using A Hybrid Time-Frequency Domain Approach, David Dorran, Eugene Coyle, Robert Lawlor
Conference papers
Frequency-domain approaches to audio time-scale modification introduce a reverberant artefact into the time-scaled output due to a loss in phase coherence between subband components. Whilst techniques have been developed which reduce the presence of this artifact, it remains a source of difficulty. A method of time-scaling is presented that reduces the presence of the reverberation by taking advantage of some flexibility that exists in the choice of phase required so as to maintain horizontal phase coherence along frequency-domain subband components. The approach makes use of appealing aspects of existing time-domain and frequency-domain time-scaling techniques.
Development Of A Computer-Based Violin Teaching Aid: Vitool, Jane Charles, Derry Fitzgerald, Eugene Coyle
Development Of A Computer-Based Violin Teaching Aid: Vitool, Jane Charles, Derry Fitzgerald, Eugene Coyle
Conference papers
This paper considers the development of a violin teaching aid, called ViTool, which is based on violin pedagogy, sound analysis, and comparison of beginner and good player recordings. It is a computer based teaching aid and will ultimately consist of at least four task dependent tools. Typical beginner faults have been identified and features, that best describe them for classification purposes, are considered. The ViTool is not intended as a replacement or electronic teacher, but as a teaching aid. Presently, it seems that no such violin learning aid or tool exists and an opportunity exists for the development of such …
Multi Pitch Estimation By Using Iir Comb Filters, Mikel Gainza, Robert Lawlor, Eugene Coyle
Multi Pitch Estimation By Using Iir Comb Filters, Mikel Gainza, Robert Lawlor, Eugene Coyle
Conference papers
A technique for detecting the pitches of a polyphonic signal is presented. The system utilises modified IIR comb filters, which are generated to ensure that a null (stop band notches) exists at multiples of note frequencies and that a very flat pass band is present in the remain of the spectrum. Thus, the signal spectrum is not distorted after applying the filters to the audio signal, which is the case when using FIR comb filters. the presented approach improves upon an existing multi pitch detection model based on a FIR comb filter framework.
Generalised Prior Subspace Analysis For Polyphonic Pitch Transcription, Derry Fitzgerald, Matt Cranitch, Eugene Coyle
Generalised Prior Subspace Analysis For Polyphonic Pitch Transcription, Derry Fitzgerald, Matt Cranitch, Eugene Coyle
Conference papers
A reformulation of Prior Subspace Analysis (PSA) is presented, which restates the problem as that of fitting an undercomplete signal dictionary to a spectrogram. Further, a generalization of PSA is derived which allows the transcription of polyphonic pitched instruments. This involves the translation of a single frequency prior subspace of a note to approximate other notes, overcoming the problem of needing a separate basis function for each note played by an instrument. Examples are then demonstrated which show the utility of the generalised PSA algorithm for the purposes of polyphonic pitch transcription.
Shifted Non-Negative Matrix Factorisation For Sound Source Separation, Derry Fitzgerald, Matt Cranitch, Eugene Coyle
Shifted Non-Negative Matrix Factorisation For Sound Source Separation, Derry Fitzgerald, Matt Cranitch, Eugene Coyle
Conference papers
A shifted non-negative matrix factorisation algorithm is derived, which offers advantages over previous matrix factorisation techniques for the purposes of single channel source separation. It represents a sound source as translations of a single frequency basis function. These translations approximately correspond to notes played by an instrument. Results are presented for a set of synthetic data, and on a single channel recording of piano and clarinet. Though the system is aimed at musical recordings, the techniques can be applied to any data which contains shifted versions of an underlying factor, and so the algorithm could possibly be used in other …
A Multi-Criteria Approach To The Evaluation Of Aviation E-Marketplace Portals, Edward Sweeney, Emilio Esposito, Pietro Evangelista, Michel Mastroianni, Renato Passaro, Claudia-Maria Wagner
A Multi-Criteria Approach To The Evaluation Of Aviation E-Marketplace Portals, Edward Sweeney, Emilio Esposito, Pietro Evangelista, Michel Mastroianni, Renato Passaro, Claudia-Maria Wagner
Conference papers
After a proliferation of logistics e-Marketplaces during the dot.com boom of 1998-2000, there has been a high rate of failure and survivals are developing much more slowly than expected. This is the case of aviation industry where a large number of B2B e-Marketplaces emerged according to the focus of aviation companies’ strategies on electronic B2B in the late 1990s. However, the current use of e-Marketplaces in the industry is low and many of them have ceased trading. The traditional e-Marketplaces model have been characterised by poor quality of portals and the lack of technical standards. Such an approach is unsustainable …
Harmonic Sound Source Separation Using Fir Comb Filters, Mikel Gainza, Robert Lawlor, Eugene Coyle
Harmonic Sound Source Separation Using Fir Comb Filters, Mikel Gainza, Robert Lawlor, Eugene Coyle
Conference papers
A technique for separating harmonic sound sources using FIR comb filters is presented. First, a pre-processing task is performed by a multipitch estimator to detect the pitches that the signal is composed of. Then, a method based on the Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) is utilized to iteratively extract the harmonics belonging to a given source by using FIR comb filters. The presented approach improves upon exising sinusoidal model approaches in terms of the perceptual quality of the extracted signal.
Time-Scale Modification Of Music Using A Synchronized Subband/Time-Domain Approach, David Dorran, Robert Lawlor
Time-Scale Modification Of Music Using A Synchronized Subband/Time-Domain Approach, David Dorran, Robert Lawlor
Conference papers
Time-domain audio time-scaling algorithms are efficient in comparison to their frequency-domain counterparts, but they rely upon the existence of a quasi-periodic signal to produce a high quality output. This requirement makes them unsuitable for direct application to complex multi-pitched signals such as polyphonic music. However, it has been shown that applying time-domain algorithms on a subband basis can resolve this issue. Existing subband/time domain approaches result in a reverberant/phasy artifact being introduced into the output due to poor synchronization between time-scaled subbands. This paper presents a number of synchronization schemes that greatly reduce the amount of reverberation/phasiness introduced into the …
An Efficient Phasiness Reduction Technique For Moderate Audio Time-Scale Modification, David Dorran, Eugene Coyle, Robert Lawlor
An Efficient Phasiness Reduction Technique For Moderate Audio Time-Scale Modification, David Dorran, Eugene Coyle, Robert Lawlor
Conference papers
Phase vocoder approaches to time-scale modification of audio introduce a reverberant/phasy artifact into the time-scaled output due to a loss in phase coherence between short-time Fourier transform (STFT) bins. Recent improvements to the phase vocoder have reduced the presence of this artifact, however, it remains a problem. A method of time-scaling is presented that results in a further reduction in phasiness, for moderate time-scale factors by taking advantage of some flexibility that exists in the choice of phase required so as to maintain horizontal phase coherence between related STFT bins. Furthermore, the approach leads to a reduction in computational load …
Towards A Computer Assisted Violin Teaching Aid, Derry Fitzgerald, Jane Charles, Eugene Coyle
Towards A Computer Assisted Violin Teaching Aid, Derry Fitzgerald, Jane Charles, Eugene Coyle
Conference papers
This paper presents a possible approach for developing a violin teaching aid based on violin pedagogy, sound analysis and comparison of beginner and good player recordings. This teaching aid is targeted at students who have difficulty listening attentively to the sounds they produce. It aims to draw their attention to the sound of a fault, offer correction and to train the user's ear to actively listen.
Real-Time Sound Source Separation: Azimuth Discrimination And Resynthesis, Dan Barry, Robert Lawlor, Eugene Coyle
Real-Time Sound Source Separation: Azimuth Discrimination And Resynthesis, Dan Barry, Robert Lawlor, Eugene Coyle
Conference papers
We present a real-time sound source separation algorithm which performs the task of source separation based on the lateral displacement of a source within the stereo field. The algorithm exploits the use of the pan pot as a means to achieve image localisation within stereophonic recordings. As such, only an interaural intensity difference exists between left and right channels for a single source. Gain scaling and phase cancellation techniques are used in the frequency domain to expose frequency dependent nulls across the Azimuth plane. The position of these nulls in conjuction with magnitude estimation and grouping techniques are then used …
Single Note Ornaments Transcription For The Irish Tin Whistle Based On Onset Detection, Mikel Gainza, Eugene Coyle, Robert Lawlor
Single Note Ornaments Transcription For The Irish Tin Whistle Based On Onset Detection, Mikel Gainza, Eugene Coyle, Robert Lawlor
Conference papers
Oranamentation plays a very important role in Irish traditional music giving more expression to the music by altering or embellishing small pieces of a melody. Single-note ornamentation, such as cuts and strikes, are the most common type in Irish traditional music and are played by articulating the note pitch during the onset stage. A technique for transcribing single note ornamentation for the tin whistle is based on onset detection is presented. This method focuses on the characteristics of the tin whistle within Irish traditional music, customising a time-frequency based representation for detecting the instant when new notes played using single …
Onset Detection And Music Transcription For The Irish Tin Whistle, Mikel Gainza, Robert Lawlor, Eugene Coyle, Aileen Kelleher
Onset Detection And Music Transcription For The Irish Tin Whistle, Mikel Gainza, Robert Lawlor, Eugene Coyle, Aileen Kelleher
Conference papers
A technique for detecting tin whistle note onsets and transcribing the corresponding pitches is presented. This method focuses on the characteristics of the tin whistle within Irish traditional music, customising a time-frequency based representation for extracting the instant when a note starts and the music notation. Results show that the presented approach improves upon the existing energy based approaches in terms of the percentage of correct detections.
Information And Communication Technologies (Ict) Practices In Small Italian Transport And Logistics Service Providers: Empirical Findings And Critical Issues, Maurizio Caiazzo, Pietro Evangelista, Edward Sweeney
Information And Communication Technologies (Ict) Practices In Small Italian Transport And Logistics Service Providers: Empirical Findings And Critical Issues, Maurizio Caiazzo, Pietro Evangelista, Edward Sweeney
Conference papers
No abstract provided.
An Examination Of Eu Directive 98/76/Ec In Regards To The Irish Road Haulage Industry, Eoin Plant, Declan Allen, Edward Sweeney
An Examination Of Eu Directive 98/76/Ec In Regards To The Irish Road Haulage Industry, Eoin Plant, Declan Allen, Edward Sweeney
Conference papers
The Irish economy experienced a tremendous increase in economic growth during the 1990s and early 21st Century (Celtic Tiger). This economic boom was export driven and the Irish Road Haulage Industry transported the majority of products produced at some stage, if not a number of stages in the logistics tunnel. In recent times there has been somewhat of a growing unease in the road haulage industry in relation to increasing costs, squeezing already tight profit margins. A report commissioned by the Department of Public Enterprise illustrated that 48% of hauliers identified themselves as needing training in the area of cost …
Ict Adoption And Impact On The Italian Logistics Service Providers’ Performance, Pietro Evangelista, Riccardo Mogre, Alessandro Perego, Antonino Raspagliesi, Edward Sweeney
Ict Adoption And Impact On The Italian Logistics Service Providers’ Performance, Pietro Evangelista, Riccardo Mogre, Alessandro Perego, Antonino Raspagliesi, Edward Sweeney
Conference papers
No abstract provided.
Prior Subspace Analysis For Drum Transcription, Derry Fitzgerald, Robert Lawlor, Eugene Coyle
Prior Subspace Analysis For Drum Transcription, Derry Fitzgerald, Robert Lawlor, Eugene Coyle
Conference papers
This paper introduces the technique of Prior Subspace Analysis (PSA) as an alternative to Independent Subspace Analysis (ISA) in cases where prior knowledge about the sources to be separated is available. The use of prior knowledge overcomes some of the problems associated with ISA, in particular the problem of estimating the amount of information required for separation. This results in improved robustness for drum transcription purposes. Prior knowledge is incorporated by use of a set of prior frequency subspaces that characterise features of the sources to be extracted. The effectiveness and robustness of PSA is demonstrated by its use in …
Time Scale Modification Of Music Using A Subband Approach Based On The Bark Scale, David Dorran, Robert Lawlor
Time Scale Modification Of Music Using A Subband Approach Based On The Bark Scale, David Dorran, Robert Lawlor
Conference papers
Time-domain time-scaling algorithms are efficient in comparison to their frequency-domain counterparts, but they rely upon the existence of a quasi-periodic signal to produce a high quality output. This requirement makes them unsuitable for use on multi-pitched signals such as polyphonic music. However, time-domain techniques applied on a subband basis can resolve the multi-pitch problem. The authors propose an improved subband implementation based upon the bark scale for the time scale modification of music. The new subband approach is supported by psychoacoustic and music theory and subjectively through informal listening tests.
An Efficient Audio Time-Scale Modification Algorithm For Use In A Subband Implementation, David Dorran, Robert Lawlor
An Efficient Audio Time-Scale Modification Algorithm For Use In A Subband Implementation, David Dorran, Robert Lawlor
Conference papers
The Paola algorithm, is an efficient algorithm for the time scale modification of speech. It uses a simple peak alignment technique to synchronise synthesis frames and takes waveform properties and the desired time-scale factor into account to determine optimum alogrithm parameters. However, PAOLA has difficulties with certain waveform types and can result in poor synchronisation for subband implementations. SOLA is a less efficient algorithm but resolves the issues associated with PAOLA's implementation. The authors present an algorithm that is a combination of the two approaches that proves to be an efficient and effective algorithm for a subband implementation.
Time-Scale Modification Of Speech Using A Synchronised And Adaptive Overlap-Add (Saola) Algorithm, David Dorran, Robert Lawlor, Eugene Coyle
Time-Scale Modification Of Speech Using A Synchronised And Adaptive Overlap-Add (Saola) Algorithm, David Dorran, Robert Lawlor, Eugene Coyle
Conference papers
The synchonised overlap-add (SOLA) algorithm is a commercially popular and considerably researched audio time-scale modification technique. It operates in the time domain and uses a correlation technique to ensure that synthesis frames overlap in a synchronous manner. We present a modification to SOLA that allows the analysis step size adapt to the desired time-scale factor. The synchronised and adaptive overlap-add (SAOLA) alogorithm improves upon the output quality of SOLA for high time-scale factors and reduces the computational requirements for low time-scale factors. However, the computational requirements for high time-scale factors are increased.