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Full-Text Articles in Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering
The Application Of Ultrasonic Surface Detectors To Hopper Dredge Production Monitoring, Stephen H. Scott, Angela Freeman
The Application Of Ultrasonic Surface Detectors To Hopper Dredge Production Monitoring, Stephen H. Scott, Angela Freeman
US Army Research
Ultrasonic surface detectors were installed on the us Army Corps of Engineers hopper dredge WHEELER for measuring dredge production. Ultrasonic sensors were installed over the bow and stern of the vessel, port and starboard, to measure vessel draft as a function of dredged material load in the hopper. Four ultrasonic sensors were installed over the hopper to measure the bin water depth in the hopper. This paper describes the ultrasonic sensor operation and installation, and data acquisition and analysis for the test series.
Reduced Recharge Capacity Of A Pump And Treat System, Cynthia L. Teeter, Douglas Gunnison, Norman R. Francingues, Mark E. Zappi
Reduced Recharge Capacity Of A Pump And Treat System, Cynthia L. Teeter, Douglas Gunnison, Norman R. Francingues, Mark E. Zappi
US Army Research
The North Boundary treatment system at Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA), Commerce City, Colorado, involves pumping of contaminated groundwater from an unconfined aquifer from one side of a soil-bentonite (SB) slurry wall to three pulsed-bed activated carbon adsorbers and prefilter and postfilter systems. The treated water is injected into the unconfined aquifer on the other side of the slurry wall via 38 recharge wells and 15 recharge trenches, collectively referred to as the recharge system. Recharge capacity of the recharge system has declined over time, limiting the operating capacity of the system. Two probable causes for reduction of the recharge systems …
Three-Dimensional Incompressible Flow Calculations With Maccormack's Method, Robert S. Bernard, Michael L. Schneider
Three-Dimensional Incompressible Flow Calculations With Maccormack's Method, Robert S. Bernard, Michael L. Schneider
US Army Research
MAC3D is a finite-volume computer code that uses MacCormack's method to calculate three-dimensional incompressible flow on staggered Marker-and-Cell grids. The code accepts nonuniform, nonorthogonal grids for any curvilinear domain that can be mapped onto a single rectangular block. It is applicable for free-surface flow at low Froude number, and for confined flow in general. Computed results from MAC3D are presented for laminar flow in channels with internal obstacles and curved boundaries.
Improved Thermal Predictions In Ce-Qual-W2, Raymond S. Chapman, Thomas M. Cole
Improved Thermal Predictions In Ce-Qual-W2, Raymond S. Chapman, Thomas M. Cole
US Army Research
Recent modifications to the transport scheme within the two-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model CEQUAL- W2 have resulted in a significant improvement in the prediction of temperature distributions by reducing numerical diffusion. These changes allow for a more accurate description of wind effects in the model. This paper briefly describes the modifications to CE-QUAL-W2 and presents results of two simulations both with and without the improvements to the transport algorithm.
Hydrodynamics For Water Quality Models, Mark Dortch, Billy Johnson
Hydrodynamics For Water Quality Models, Mark Dortch, Billy Johnson
US Army Research
During the past decade, the US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment station (WES) has developed and applied a variety of numerical water quality models for surface waters. In most cases, the transport terms of these models have been computed using output from numerical hydrodynamic models. This paper summarizes the experience of linking water quality models to hydrodynamic models and examines the need for such linkages.
Verification Techniques Used In Modeling Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, Samuel B. Heltzel
Verification Techniques Used In Modeling Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, Samuel B. Heltzel
US Army Research
Verification to field data provides a means to assess a model's ability to reproduce behavior of the natural system being modeled. Often neither time nor funds are available to collect extensive sets of field data, and alternate techniques are required. This study used the results of a laterally averaged model to provide limited verification for a two-dimensional depthaveraged hydrodynamic and sediment model.
This numerical model investigation used the US Army Corps of Engineers TABS-MD numerical modeling system for open channel flow and sedimentation. Boundary conditions and a verification data set were obtained from the laterally averaged numerical model FIne-Grained Bed …
Flow Impingement Velocities, Snake River, Wyoming, Stephen T. Maynord
Flow Impingement Velocities, Snake River, Wyoming, Stephen T. Maynord
US Army Research
Flow impingement, which occurs when approach channels direct flow into a bank line at large acute angles, results in flow concentration along bank lines, which creates large forces on bank material or bank protection. As part of studies conducted to determine the required riprap size for impinged flow, velocities were measured on the Snake River near Jackson, Wyoming. High velocities and steep water-surface slopes were observed at each impingement site.
Release Alternatives On A 3-D Salinity Simulation, Bernard B. Hsieh
Release Alternatives On A 3-D Salinity Simulation, Bernard B. Hsieh
US Army Research
Hydraulic structures such as darns, locks or diversion gates, in the upstream or tributary of an estuary system can control necessary freshwater discharge to meet downstream water quality standards. One of the most significant purposes of these structures is maintaining target salinity to satisfy the environment concerns, such as fishery spawning in the high-flow season and drinking water criteria in the low-flow period. In order to evaluate possible alternative regulations for the reservoir operation, a reliable three-dimensional (3-D) hydrodynamic model is required as a management tool to simulate the impact of salinity variations due to release policy changes. This paper …
Gas Transfer In Diffused Bubble Plumes, Steven C. Wilhelms, Sandra K. Martin
Gas Transfer In Diffused Bubble Plumes, Steven C. Wilhelms, Sandra K. Martin
US Army Research
The gas transfer in aeration systems is broken into two processes: gas transfer at the bubble interface and gas transfer at the water surface. Experiments were conducted to separate these two sources of dissolved gas. Oxygen absorption was measured in a laboratory tank with air being diffused through a porous diffuser and then with nitrogen gas being diffused. The combination of these experiments along with reformulation of the theoretical transfer equation permit separation of the gas transfer at the water surface and in the rising bubble plume. Estimates of the exchange coefficient for the plume and surface are given.
Hydraulic Structures Versus Zebra Mussels, John J. Ingram, Andrew C. Miller
Hydraulic Structures Versus Zebra Mussels, John J. Ingram, Andrew C. Miller
US Army Research
The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USAE) has begun a four-year research program to develop environmentally sound control strategies for zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) infestations at public facilities. The USAE Waterways Experiment Station has initiated research for these facilities which include water-intake structures, navigation locks, gated dams, outlet works, pumping plants, hydropower plants, drainage structures, dredges and commercial vessels.
Levee/Floodwall Freeboard Design For An Urban Flood Control Project, Daniel B. Pridal, Edward F. Sing
Levee/Floodwall Freeboard Design For An Urban Flood Control Project, Daniel B. Pridal, Edward F. Sing
US Army Research
A methodology for the design of levee/floodwall freeboard using evolving guidelines based on the concept of superiority is presented. A case study illustrating the application of the freeboard design guidelines to the Truckee Meadows Project is shown. The Truckee Meadows Project provides a 100 year level of flood protection through the Reno-Sparks, Nevada metropolitan area along an approximate ten mile reach of the Truckee River. Major features of the project include levees, floodwalls, channel modifications, bridge replacement or reconstruction, a detention basin, and drainage improvements. The project is presently in the Preconstruction, Engineering and Design (PED) Phase within the Sacramento …
Stable Channel And Environmental Design Considerations For An Urban Flood Control Project, Edward F. Sing, Daniel Pridal, Thea Lane
Stable Channel And Environmental Design Considerations For An Urban Flood Control Project, Edward F. Sing, Daniel Pridal, Thea Lane
US Army Research
A case study will be presented of a two phase process of development of the hydraulic design of a flood control project incorporating a creek nestled within an urban greenbelt. The green belt reach consists of the existing, 5 to 15 foot wide tree-lined, low flow channel set within an approximate 100 to 150 foot wide floodway to be created by low berms. Any project features proposed for this reach would need to be environmentally and aesthetically acceptable. The design approach taken in developing the flood control and channel stabilization plan for the greenbelt reach will be presented. This approach …
Computation Of Long-Term Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamics Of New York Bight, Keu W. Kim, David J. Mark, Norman W. Scheffner, Lynn M. Bocamazo
Computation Of Long-Term Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamics Of New York Bight, Keu W. Kim, David J. Mark, Norman W. Scheffner, Lynn M. Bocamazo
US Army Research
A time-varying three-dimensional (3D) numerical hydrodynamic model has been applied to the New York Bight to provide flow fields to a 3D water quality model. The spatial computational domain extends from Cape May, New Jersey at its south-west end and Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, at the north-east end and seaward to the shelf-break. As illustrated below, the numerical model has more than 2500 active horizontal cells and ten vertical layers. Features of the hydrodynamic model include coupling of temperature grids to better represent geometric features, and an algebraic vertical turbulence model based upon the assumption that turbulence production and dissipation …
Revised Hydraulic Design Of The Los Angeles County Flood Control System, Michael E. Mulvihill, Scott E. Stonestreet
Revised Hydraulic Design Of The Los Angeles County Flood Control System, Michael E. Mulvihill, Scott E. Stonestreet
US Army Research
The US Army Engineer District, Los Angeles, recently completed a study regarding the adequacy of an existing flood control system in Los Angeles County. Results of this study indicate that the level of protection afforded by the system is as low as 25-year in heavily urbanized areas. The Corps of Engineers plans to increase the capacity in two mainstem channels, raising the level of protection to greater than 1OO-year, by constructing parapet walls on top of existing levees and modifying constrictive bridges. A physical model study will be conducted to aid in analysis of complex design problems and will provide …
Physical Modeling Of A High Velocity Covered Urban Drainage Channel, Stephen E. Stump, Charles H. Tate, Robert U. Castle
Physical Modeling Of A High Velocity Covered Urban Drainage Channel, Stephen E. Stump, Charles H. Tate, Robert U. Castle
US Army Research
The design of Oak Street Drain, a 3-mile-long rectangular open channel project in Corona, CA, requires a covered section with a sinuous alignment to avoid commercial development. The alignment includes a reverse 100-ft-radius curve and a long 200-ft-radius curve to convey the 100-year design flow of 7,100 cfs at velocities of 40 fps. A physical model was constructed to verify that the proposed design would pass the design flow without adverse hydraulic conditions.
Hydrodynamic Forces And Evolution Of A Nearshore Berm At South Padre Island, Texas, James A. Aidala, Cheryl E. Burke, T. Neil Mclellan
Hydrodynamic Forces And Evolution Of A Nearshore Berm At South Padre Island, Texas, James A. Aidala, Cheryl E. Burke, T. Neil Mclellan
US Army Research
The evolution of a nearshore feeder berm was correlated to the hydrodynamic forces acting on it for periods of time during which bathymetric and hydrodynamic data sets were available. The evolution of the berm was described in the context of movement and erosion based on wave orbital velocity and bottom current. The berm was constructed and placed offshore at South Padre Island, Texas.
Removal Of Extremely Low Levels Of Munitions In A Drinking Water Supply, R. Mark Bricka, Wayne Sharp
Removal Of Extremely Low Levels Of Munitions In A Drinking Water Supply, R. Mark Bricka, Wayne Sharp
US Army Research
Past military operations have resulted in the contamination of soils by chemical munitions such as RDX, HMX and TNT (contaminant description, page 2) . The migration of water through the soils can transport the contaminants into groundwater and contaminate drinking water sources . Many military munitions are known or suspected to be carcinogenic and, therefore, must be removed from drinking water .
Rapid Detection Of Hydrocarbon Contamination In Ground Water And Soil, A. M. Chrestman, G. D. Comes, S. S. Kooper, P. G. Malone
Rapid Detection Of Hydrocarbon Contamination In Ground Water And Soil, A. M. Chrestman, G. D. Comes, S. S. Kooper, P. G. Malone
US Army Research
In situ fluorometry is being developed as a method for rapidly detecting and quantifying hydrocarbon contamination in ground water and soil. The results of a fluorometry survey over a site having known fuel contamination are compared to results from a soil gas survey over the same site. The fluorometry data showed three additional contaminated areas that were not detected by soil gas measurements. Soil analyses confirmed the presence of the contaminated areas.
Visualization Of Groundwater Contaminant Parameters, Gregory D. Comes, James Warner, Paul Miller
Visualization Of Groundwater Contaminant Parameters, Gregory D. Comes, James Warner, Paul Miller
US Army Research
Numerical groundwater contaminant modeling is a powerful tool to study the extent of subsurface contamination. Three-dimensional contaminant transport models can predict the future lateral and vertical extent of contamination. Geotechnical and hydrological data is required for the calibration and operation of such models. Understanding the interrelationships of the enormous volumes of data required becomes an onerous task. Visualization of both the input and output data aids the researcher in calibration and comprehension of numerical model results. This paper describes the integration of three-dimensional computer visualization with geotechnical and hydrological parameters for numerical groundwater contaminant modeling. Visualization of subsurface parameters in …
Using A Numerical Model To Evaluate Dredging Options, Ronald R. Copeland
Using A Numerical Model To Evaluate Dredging Options, Ronald R. Copeland
US Army Research
A study was conducted to address a shoaling problem in the vicinity of the Cubits Gap distributary on the lower Mississippi River. Upstream from Cubits Gap the river is relatively deep, but the channel depth decreases as it approaches the distributary, where frequent dredging is required. A one-dimensional numerical model was used to evaluate alternative dredging operations and to forecast sediment accumulation. The numerical model was also used to forecast sediment accumulation based on 30-day flow projections. This information can be used to help determine when to initiate dredging fleet mobilization.
Properties Of Solidified/Stabilized Chromium Contaminated Soil, Beth C. Fleming, M. John Cullinane, Jr
Properties Of Solidified/Stabilized Chromium Contaminated Soil, Beth C. Fleming, M. John Cullinane, Jr
US Army Research
Solidification/stabilization (S/S) of chromium contaminated soils is influenced by the oxidation state of the chromium. The sum of the hexavalent chromium and trivalent chromium represent the total chromium concentration which is used to determine whether the soil meets the criteria for chromium in the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) or whether the levels of chromium in applicable extractions are below the drinking water standard. Hexavalent chromium is the more mobile form of chromium and also the more toxic.
Seven vendors and the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES) evaluated SIS treatment of chromium contaminated soils collected from a Superfund …
In-Channel Sediment Basins: An Alternative To Dam-Style Debris Basins, Wendy S. Gist, Scott E. Stonestreet, Ronald R. Copeland
In-Channel Sediment Basins: An Alternative To Dam-Style Debris Basins, Wendy S. Gist, Scott E. Stonestreet, Ronald R. Copeland
US Army Research
In-channel sediment basins were designed, in lieu of a traditional debris basin, to capture large sediment loads at the upstream end of a proposed flood control channel. A numerical model, HEC-6, was used to size the basins.
Numerical Modeling Of Reservoir Tailrace Hydraulics For Water Quality And Habitat Analysis, Brad R. Hall, John Nestler
Numerical Modeling Of Reservoir Tailrace Hydraulics For Water Quality And Habitat Analysis, Brad R. Hall, John Nestler
US Army Research
The Waterways Experiment Station has developed dynamic numerical hydraulic and water quality simulation models of the Missouri River reaches downstream of Fort Peck, Garrison, and Fort Randall Dams in support of Master Water Control Manual studies. The numerical modeling approach is to compute spatial and temporal variations in stage and discharge in each of these reaches using UNET, a one-dimensional dynamic flow model. Hydraulic and geometric parameters calculated by UNET are then linked with transport algorithms in the CE-QUAL-RIV1 numerical model for computing spatial and temporal variation in water temperature and dissolved oxygen in each of the modeled reaches. Parameters …
Environmental Engineering Options For Managing Contaminated Sediment, Norman R. Francingues. Jr.
Environmental Engineering Options For Managing Contaminated Sediment, Norman R. Francingues. Jr.
US Army Research
Technologies that have been identified as feasible for remediating contaminated sediment and are peing considered for demonstration in the Great Lakes are presented in this paper. This review is limited to the components and technologies required for removal and management of highly contaminated sediment. Over two hundred technology process options were reviewed for effectiveness, implementability and costs. However, few of these processes have actually been applied to contaminated sediment on a full scale. Most of the technology evaluations have been conducted at the bench scale with limited data available for pilot scale assessment. Therefore, further testing and evaluation of the …
Development Of A Comprehensive Modeling System For Remediation Of Contaminated Groundwater, Jeffrey P. Holland
Development Of A Comprehensive Modeling System For Remediation Of Contaminated Groundwater, Jeffrey P. Holland
US Army Research
The U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES) has proposed development of a Groundwater Modeling System (GMS) for simulating groundwater flow, the transport/fate of subsurface contaminants, and the efficacy of remedial actions. The GMS is proposed to support the needs of the U.S. Army in three main areas: site characterization, contamination assessment, and evaluation of remediation alternatives. To do this, the GMS will include numerical algorithms for simulating the hydrogeologic and biogeochemical processes that must be considered when developing remediation programs for Army and other sites. An essential feature of the GMS will be user interfaces which augment model application …
Modeling Dredged Material Disposed In Open Water, B. H. Johnson, D. N. Mccomas, D. C. Mcvan
Modeling Dredged Material Disposed In Open Water, B. H. Johnson, D. N. Mccomas, D. C. Mcvan
US Army Research
Physical model disposal tests at a 1:50 scale have been conducted to provide guidance on numerical model developments and to provide data sets for numerical model verification. These tests have been conducted with a model split-hull barge and a multibin hopper vessel. Both stationary and moving disposals have been monitored. Results imply that the bulk behavior of the disposal material in both the descent and bottom surge phases can be approximately scaled to the prototype. Visual observations have resulted in modifications to an existing numerical model such that the disposal is represented by a series of downward convecting clouds from …
Analyses Of Special Hazards And Flooding Problems In Tropical Island Environments, Robert C. Macarthur, Douglas L. Hamilton, Michael D. Harvey, Hudson W. Kekaula
Analyses Of Special Hazards And Flooding Problems In Tropical Island Environments, Robert C. Macarthur, Douglas L. Hamilton, Michael D. Harvey, Hudson W. Kekaula
US Army Research
Data and results summarized in this paper show that development of urban projects and design of flood control works in tropical island catchments must consider clear water flooding as well as special hazards such as landslides, flow bulking, high sediment concentrations, mud and debris flows and flow avulsions. The needs for and methods to estimate peak flows, event volumes and the potential extent and depths of flooding during severe storm events in urbanizing tropical environments are described.
An Intrusive Fluid Mud Surveying System, Allen Teeter, Glynn Banks, Michael Alexander, Andrew Salkield
An Intrusive Fluid Mud Surveying System, Allen Teeter, Glynn Banks, Michael Alexander, Andrew Salkield
US Army Research
A towable sled was developed at the Hydraulics Laboratory of the Waterways Experiment station in conjunction with SIRAD, Inc. to survey navigation channels with "fluff" or fluid mud. Fluid mud layers on the bottom of navigation channels can result in a false bottom record when surveyed with conventional acoustic fathometers. The WES gage was designed to tow along channel bottoms at a specific gravity of about 1.15- 1.20 g/cc and coincide with nautical depth. To monitor this towed density value, a nuclear density gage was installed in the original prototype. Field trials have been completed at the Gulfport, MS, Calcasieu, …
Contaminant Groundwater Interception - Rma, S. Paul Miller, William L. Murphy
Contaminant Groundwater Interception - Rma, S. Paul Miller, William L. Murphy
US Army Research
Resolution of groundwater contamination is the major environmental concern at most contamination sites. At some sites immediate control is required to prevent further damage. This paper describes a pioneer groundwater interception and treatment system developed and evaluated at a major Army installation.
Overtopping Protection Alternatives For Dams, Noel R. Oswalt
Overtopping Protection Alternatives For Dams, Noel R. Oswalt
US Army Research
A reevaluation of design floods for dam safety within the united states showed that the need to modify dams to accommodate larger floods has greatly increased in recent years. The occurrence of larger design floods would result in overtopping of the dams at many existing reservoirs due to insufficient storage or release capacity. When the addition of storage or release capacity becomes impractical or too costly, dam owners must sometimes resort to providing overtopping protection.
An ASCE Hydraulics Division Task committee on Alternatives for Overtopping Protection for Dams was established in 1991 to inventory and evaluate modification alternatives for new, …