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Improving Our Vision Ii: Building Transparency And Cooperation, Eisenhower Center For Space And Defense Studies

Space and Defense

Workshop on Space Situational Awareness Data Sharing Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies World Security Institute’s Center for Defense Information Secure World Foundation London, United Kingdom, October 2007

This was the second workshop to bring together a range of stakeholders to discuss global needs and capabilities for Space Situational Awareness (SSA). The first workshop was held in September 2006 in Colorado Springs, Colorado. This 2006 workshop was sponsored by the Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies and the World Security Institute’s Center for Defense Information. The 2006 workshop report can be found at the following internet site: http://www.cdi.org/PDFs/SSAConference_screen. …

Space Based Solar Power Workshop, Eisenhower Center For Space And Defense Studies

Space and Defense

Preventing resource conflicts in the face of increasing global populations and demands in the 21st century is a high priority for the United States (U.S.) Department of Defense (DOD). All solution options to these challenges should be explored, including opportunities from space.

Future Of Space Commerce Workshop: Reducing Risks And Fostering Partnerships – Synergies Between Civil, Military, Commercial, And New Space, Eisenhower Center For Space And Defense Studies

Space and Defense

Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies Futron Corporation NASA Ames Research Center Breckenridge, Colorado, August 2007

The Future of Space Commerce Workshop brought together participants from the civil, military, commercial, and new space sectors, and relevant academic, consulting, business, and financial organizations to discuss and explore how risks associated with space commerce development can be reduced, and to examine synergies to strengthen and advance partnerships between the sectors. The workshop was hosted by the United States (U.S.) Air Force Academy Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies in cooperation with Futron Corporation and NASA Ames Research Center.

China Working Group: China, Space, And Strategy, Eisenhower Center For Space And Defense Studies

Space and Defense

Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, Air University Keystone, Colorado, June 2007

Chinese advances in its space program in recent years has led to a growing international interest in the implications of Chinese programs in the civil, military, and commercial space sectors. This workshop, sponsored by the United States (U.S.) Air Force Academy Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies and the Air University School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, brought together a community of experts and policy-makers to discuss the implications of current and future Chinese space developments on space …

Summer Space Seminar 2007, Eisenhower Center For Space And Defense Studies

Space and Defense

Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies Space Policy Institute, George Washington University Colorado and Washington, DC, May – June 2007

The Summer Space Seminar 2007 proffered two principal goals: (1) to foster an education and interest in the interdisciplinary areas of space with the intent to develop space professionals now or in the future; and (2) to develop a network of relations across future civil, commercial, and military space professionals that will likely emerge from the participants in the Seminar.

National Space Forum 2007: Towards A Theory Of Spacepower, Charles D. Lutes

Space and Defense

Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies Colorado Springs, Colorado, January 2007

The Spacepower Theory Project seeks to gain insight into human behavior in outer space. The project’s overall objective is to develop a theoretical framework that helps to define, categorize, explain and anticipate ways in which “spacepower” may be pursued, how the various facets of spacepower connect to each other, and how they relate to the other instrumentalities of power that state and non-state actors may seek to achieve or retain.

Eisenhower Center For Space And Defense Studies Program Annals, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

President Issues Export Controls Directive, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

Reform United States Defense Trade Policies and Practices, 22 January 2008

President Bush issued an Export Control Directive today that will ensure that United States (U.S.) defense trade policies and practices better support the National Security Strategy. The package of reforms required under this directive will improve the manner in which the U.S. Department of State licenses the export of defense equipment, services and technical data, enabling the U.S. Government to respond more expeditiously to the military equipment needs of our friends, allies, and particularly our coalition partners.

Defense Industrial Base Assessment: United States Space Industry, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

Final Report Summary, August 2007

This report focuses on the health and competitiveness of the United States (U.S.) Space Industrial Base, including the associated impacts of U.S. export controls. The Department of Defense, through the Under Secretary of the Air Force and the Space Industrial Base Council directed this study. An Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate representative led an industry government team and integrated the information gathered to prepare the study. The Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security developed and deployed the survey instrument and verified data provided by companies comprising the U.S. Space Industry. …

Chasing Satellites: Identifying Export Control Problems And Solutions, John Douglass

Space and Defense

In a globalized world where the United States (U.S.) faces threats from terrorist groups, rogue states, and others, effective export controls remain essential to our national security. These controls keep our most advanced technologies, weapons, and equipment out of the hands of our adversaries and rivals— an increasingly difficult task.

Bureaucratic Politics Run Amok: The United States And Satellite Export Controls, Eligar Sadeh

Space and Defense

The case of export controls of United States (U.S.) commercial satellites is characterized by bureaucratic politics leading to policy outcomes that are not rational, i.e., the desired outcome of national security is not met and commerce in the satellite sector is harmed. The constraints to rational policy making are a result of competition, conflict, and protectionism, the “bureaucratic politics,” among the relevant actors including the U.S. President and Congress, Department of State (State), Department of Commerce (Commerce), and Department of Defense (DOD). It is bureaucratic politics that result in policies for licensing the export of commercial satellites that are far …

The American Bubble: International Traffic In Arms Regulations And Space Commerce, Roger Handberg

Space and Defense

International space commerce in the United States (U.S.) has entered into a period of great uncertainty regarding its current and future competitiveness and marketability of its products. This question arises because the U.S. with regard to space commerce remains frozen in a posture established first during the Cold War. The concern then was that no critical technologies be made available to U.S. enemies and their fellow travelers. The former were obvious while the latter were more problematic since that group also included states with which the U.S. wished to establish more positive relations including international trade. The mechanism used to …

The History Of United States Weapons Export Control Policy, Taylor Dinerman

Space and Defense

All nations regulate Arms sales, but the United States (U.S.) has traditionally gone further than most. After World War I, a conspiracy theory made its way into popular culture that blamed the war, and specifically the U.S. intervention in 1917, on the so called “merchants of death.” Ever since, this has been a powerful and enduring theme in politics and culture throughout the world. Yet, nowhere have the effects of this theory been more enduring than in U.S. policy and law.

Editorial, Eligar Sadeh

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents Volume 2 No. 1, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Front Matter Volume 2 No. 1, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

China And Asia Space Policy Update, John D. Wolf

Space and Defense

You can’t believe everything you hear about the Chinese space program. I worked in Beijing in the late 1990s, and there I encountered a man named Mr. Li. Mr. Li spoke good English, appeared well educated, and claimed to have been in the Chinese Air Force. He would sometimes talk with me about the Chinese space program, particularly about the Chinese space launch facility in Tibet where they were preparing for a mission to the Moon some time before the end of 1999. The purpose of the mission, he said, was to crack open the Moon to allow the Earth …

European Space Policy Update, Richard Buenneke

Space and Defense

Four decades after the first autonomous European satellite launch, Europe found itself at a crossroads regarding the course of its security space programs. Facing continued struggles to develop dedicated military satellites at the national level, Europe considered a strategy based on dual-use technology and past successes in civilian launch and satellite programs. This approach centered on a series of “great projects” for navigation, global monitoring, and space situational awareness.

Russian Space Policy Update, William P. Barry

Space and Defense

With the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1992, the Russian Federation found itself the inheritor of much of the Soviet space program. However, this “new”country also had a new leadership that had little interest in a space effort that was viewed as tainted by its close association with the leadership of the Communist Party and its management through the Soviet defense industry bureaucracy. In addition, the extraordinary budgets and priorities assigned to resources designated for space efforts were a luxury that Russia could now little afford. In the face of these enormous challenges, the Russian Space Agency was created …

United States Policy Update, James Vedda

Space and Defense

This first installment of the Journal’s U.S. space policy update will recap significant developments since the beginning of the George W. Bush administration. The formal mechanism chosen by the administration to deal with policy issues is the Policy Coordinating Committee (PCC) system, composed of high-level officials from throughout the executive branch. This system was established by National Security Presidential Directive (NSPD)-1, dated 13 February 2001, which set up 6 regional and 11 topic area PCCs, none of which addressed space issues.

Space Control, Diplomacy, And Strategic Integration, R. Joseph Desutter

Space and Defense

As U.S. space capability came of age in the early 1960s it made substantive arms control negotiations possible. Arms control proponents like to argue that treaties, in turn, legitimated spy satellites by acknowledging their existence and sanctioning their use for verification. But the half-century old relationship between satellite technology and arms control has hardly been marked by such reciprocity. While satellite technology has enabled arms control, arms control has imposed nontrivial constraints on America’s strategic exploitation of outer space. In bureaucratic terms, Department of Defense (DOD) exploitation of outer space has been retarded by State Department instruments that were only …

Establishing Space Security: A Prescription For A Rules-Based Approach, Theresa Hitchens, Michael Katz-Hyman

Space and Defense

The question of what constitutes the proper military uses of space is not just a debate over space weapons and attacks on satellites. It is a debate that sheds light on the fundamental decisions that states and their citizens will have to make over the next century as we both explore and exploit space for its scientific, strategic, and economic value. Furthermore, the context of this debate changes year to year as the physical and political environment of space changes.

An Inchoate Process For The International Regulation Of Military Activities In Space, Baker Spring

Space and Defense

As the breadth and depth of military activities in space expand, demands are growing to regulate these activities at the international level. In some cases, these demands stem from the recognition that broader national security operations in space are moving away from a legacy of being dominated by secret intelligence activities and in the direction of more open military activities.1 In other cases, they are driven by the efforts of arms control advocates to roll back the “weaponization of space.”2 Regardless of the underlying motivations, the demands for international regulation are going to grow, and the debate will turn increasingly …

Introduction To The First Issue, Roger G. Harrison

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents Volume 1 No. 1, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Front Matter Volume 1 No. 1, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Transatlantic Space Cooperation Workshop, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

In 2008, the Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies established the Transatlantic Space Cooperation Workshop series. This workshop series brings together a community of scholars and experts from the United States and Europe, including the European Union (EU), European Space Agency (ESA), and NATO, to share lessons learned, debate, and network on joint priorities in the civil, security, and commercial space.

Asia, Space, And Strategy Workshop, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

In 2006, the Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies held its first Asia, Space, and Strategy workshop. This effort brought together US, Canadian, and European experts and policy makers from the military, civilian government, universities, think-tanks, and the private sectors to discuss the implications of current and future Chinese space policy and investigate areas of possible Sino-U.S. cooperation and competition in space. Beginning in 2007, an invitation was extended to include Chinese academics in the discussions. Chinese participation has increased each year since then, with four attendees from China at the 2009 workshop in Vancouver, Canada.

Summer Space Seminar, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

The Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies organized the Summer Space Seminar since 2007 to advance two principal goals: (1) to foster an education and interest in the interdisciplinary areas of space with the intent to develop space professionals; and (2) to develop a network of relations across civil, commercial, and military space professionals that will likely emerge from the participants

Space Situational Awareness Workshop, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

The goal of the Space Situational Awareness workshops is to bring together stakeholders interested in space situational awareness (SSA). This includes practitioners, users of data, representatives of industry and the military, the scientific community, international organizations, and the satellitetracking community. These stakeholders discussed how needs are changing with SSA, what improvements in SSA capabilities can be achieved in the near-term to medium-term, and how various stakeholder communities might better interact to draw on each other’s strengths.