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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
Carbon Fibers From Bio-Based Precursors Derived From Renewable Sources, Sagar Kanhere
Carbon Fibers From Bio-Based Precursors Derived From Renewable Sources, Sagar Kanhere
All Dissertations
Carbon fibers have the highest strength and modulus among all known fibers and are used as reinforcements in high-performance composites [1]. Carbon fibers also have a very low density relative to metals. Therefore, carbon fibers possess ultrahigh specific strength and modulus, which make them desirable for high-performance light-weight composites. A vast majority of commercial carbon fibers are produced from PAN precursors that are expensive, which limits the use of PAN-derived carbon fibers to aerospace applications (e.g., airplanes). However, for costsensitive applications, there is a need for low-cost, moderate performance carbon fibers. Lignin is a low-cost by-product of pulping and biorefining …
Subwavelength Engineering Of Silicon Photonic Waveguides, Farhan Bin Tarik
Subwavelength Engineering Of Silicon Photonic Waveguides, Farhan Bin Tarik
All Dissertations
The dissertation demonstrates subwavelength engineering of silicon photonic waveguides in the form of two different structures or avenues: (i) a novel ultra-low mode area v-groove waveguide to enhance light-matter interaction; and (ii) a nanoscale sidewall crystalline grating performed as physical unclonable function to achieve hardware and information security. With the advancement of modern technology and modern supply chain throughout the globe, silicon photonics is set to lead the global semiconductor foundries, thanks to its abundance in nature and a mature and well-established industry. Since, the silicon waveguide is the heart of silicon photonics, it can be considered as the core …
Synthesis Of Monodisperse Nanoscintillators At High Temperatures For Biomedical Relevant Applications, Eric Zhang
Synthesis Of Monodisperse Nanoscintillators At High Temperatures For Biomedical Relevant Applications, Eric Zhang
All Dissertations
Luminescent sub-100 nm particulates continuously generate immense research interest in the biomedical field for imaging, theranostics, and optogenetics. Conventionally, upconversion nanoparticles or UV activated semiconductors are studied, however these materials are limited by biological barriers such as the skin which reduces the penetration depth of these excitation sources, tissue's auto- fluorescence, and toxicity. One approach to overcome these challenges is to use nanoscintillators (sub-100 nm materials that can generate visible light using high energy excitation sources such as x-rays) which can generate light locally to the human body. Numerous scintillators have been reported since the discovery of x-rays from the …
Nonequilibrium Transport Of Ionic Liquids In Electrified Nanosystems, Xikai Jiang
Nonequilibrium Transport Of Ionic Liquids In Electrified Nanosystems, Xikai Jiang
All Dissertations
Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are a promising class of electrolyte that are composed entirely of ions but are liquid at room temperature. Their remarkable properties such as wide electrochemical window make them ideal electrolytes in many electrochemical systems. Because the non-equilibrium transport of RTILs often determines the performance of these systems, a fundamental understanding of such transport is needed. Here, using molecular dynamic (MD) and continuum simulations, we investigated the non-equilibrium transport of RTILs in three scenarios relevant to the application of RTILs in electrochemical systems: the electroosmotic flow (EOF) of RTILs through nanochannels, the electrokinetic transport of RTILs through …
A Biophysical Understanding Of The Applications And Implications Of Nanomaterials, Nicholas Geitner
A Biophysical Understanding Of The Applications And Implications Of Nanomaterials, Nicholas Geitner
All Dissertations
The last few decades have seen an explosion in the study and application of nanomaterials that continues to grow at a dizzying pace. Despite exciting applications in nano-enabled electronics, materials, medicine, and environmental remediation, an understanding of the interactions of these materials with natural materials and systems and the resulting implications lags severely behind. The purpose of this Dissertation is to illuminate these interactions as well as develop novel environmental applications from a biophysical perspective. Following an introduction and literature review in Chapter 1, Chapters 2-4 will explore the application of dendritic polymers as novel and biocompatible oil dispersants for …
Theranostic Nanoparticles For The Treatment Of Cancer, Thomas Moore
Theranostic Nanoparticles For The Treatment Of Cancer, Thomas Moore
All Dissertations
The main focus of this research was to evaluate the ability of a novel multifunctional nanoparticle to mediate drug delivery and enable a non-invasive approach to measure drug release kinetics in situ for the treatment of cancer. These goals were approached by developing a nanoparticle consisting of an inorganic core (i.e. gadolinium sulfoxide doped with europium ions or carbon nanotubes). This was coated with an external amphiphilic polymer shell comprised of a biodegradable polyester (i.e. poly(lactide) or poly(glycolide)), and poly(ethylene glycol) block copolymer. In this system, the inorganic core mediates the imaging aspect, the relatively hydrophobic polyester encapsulates hydrophobic anti-cancer …
Probing And Controlling Fluid Rheology At Microscale With Magnetic Nanorods, Alexander Tokarev
Probing And Controlling Fluid Rheology At Microscale With Magnetic Nanorods, Alexander Tokarev
All Dissertations
This Dissertation is focused on the development of new methods for characterization and control of fluid rheology using magnetic nanorods. This Dissertation consists of five chapters. In the first chapter, we review current microrheologial methods and develop a Magnetic Rotational Spectroscopy (MRS) model describing nanorod response to a rotating magnetic field. Using numerical modeling, we analyze the effects of materials parameters of nanorods and fluids on the MRS characteristic features. The model is designed for a specific experimental protocol. We introduce and examine physical parameters which can be measured experimentally. The model allows identification of MRS features enabling the calculation …
Modeling Of Strain Effect On Thermal And Electrical Transport Properties Of Si/Ge Nanocomposites And Its Applications, Yaoyao Xu
All Dissertations
Nanocomposites are composite materials which incorporate nanosized particles, platelets or fibers. The addition of nanosized phases into the bulk matrix can lead to significantly different material properties compared to their macrocomposite counterparts. Due to their extraordinary properties, nanocomposites promise new applications in many fields such as ultra-high strength and ultra-light automotive parts, non-linear optics, biomedical applications, sensors and actuators, and thermoelectric devices. The design and fabrication of nanocomposite structures, devices and systems can be accelerated by developing accurate and efficient computational tools that can describe the properties and behavior of the nanocomposites. However, the development of such tools is challenging …
Synthesis, Stabilization, And Characterization Of Metal Nanoparticles, Gregory White Ii
Synthesis, Stabilization, And Characterization Of Metal Nanoparticles, Gregory White Ii
All Dissertations
Wet chemical synthesis techniques offer the ability to control various nanoparticle characteristics including size, shape, dispersibility in both aqueous and organic solvents, and tailored surface chemistries appropriate for different applications. Large quantities of stabilizing ligands or surfactants are often required during synthesis to achieve these nanoparticle characteristics. Unfortunately, excess reaction byproducts, surfactants, and ligands remaining in solution after nanoparticle synthesis can impede application, and therefore post-synthesis purification must be employed. A liquid-liquid solvent/anti-solvent pair (typically ethanol/toluene or ethanol/hexane for gold nanoparticles, GNPs) can be used to both purify and size-selectively fractionate hydrophobically modified nanoparticles. Alternatively, carbon dioxide may be used …
Molecular Physics Of Electrical Double Layers In Electrochemical Capacitors, Guang Feng
Molecular Physics Of Electrical Double Layers In Electrochemical Capacitors, Guang Feng
All Dissertations
At present, electrochemical capacitors (ECs) are emerging as a novel type of energy storage devices and have attracted remarkable attention, due to their key characteristics, such as high power density and excellent durability. However, the moderate energy density of ECs restricts their widespread deployment in everyday technology. To surmount this limitation, four strategies are adopted: (1) to reduce the total system mass, (2) to increase the specific surface area of electrodes, (3) to enhance normalized capacitance, and (4) to expand the range of potentials applied on electrodes. The implementation of these approaches critically relies on the fundamental understanding of physical …
Inter-Tube Bonding And Defects In Carbon Nanotubes And The Impact On The Transport Properties And Micro-Morphology, Keqin Yang
All Dissertations
The transport properties of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are affected by the tube-tube interaction and the defects presented in the system. Inter-tube bonding, formed during spark plasma sintering (SPS) process, lowers the electrical/thermal resistivity at the tube-tube junctions and also causes new scattering mechanisms such as strong electron-phonon coupling (EPC) at low temperature. More evidences have been found by changing the SPS temperature and doping the CNTs to support the electron-phonon coupling is Kohn anomaly (KA) in as-SPSed CNTs. The phonon drag, appearing in thermoelectric power (TEP) of the as-SPSed CNTs at low temperature, can be explained in the framework …
Synthesis And Spectroscopic Characterization Of Nanostructured Thermoelectric Materials, Jason Reppert
Synthesis And Spectroscopic Characterization Of Nanostructured Thermoelectric Materials, Jason Reppert
All Dissertations
Bismuth in the bulk form is a semimetal with a rhombohedral structure. It has a small band overlap between the conduction and valence bands and a highly anisotropic electron effective-mass tensor. Thermoelectric materials, in which one of the three dimensions is in the nanometer regime, exhibit unique quantum confinement properties and have generated much interest in recent years. Theoretical investigations have suggested that nanowires with diameters ≤ 10 nm will possess a figure-of-merit ZT > 2. Prior to this study, it has been shown that Bi nanowires with small enough diameters (~10 nm), prepared via the pulsed laser vaporization method, undergo …