Mining Engineering Commons^™

Evolutionary History Of Western Eos Chaos Of Valles Marineris, Mars: Insights From Morphological Characteristics, Asif Iqbal Kakkassery, V. J. Rajesh, Rishitosh K. Sinha, Devika Padmakumar, K. S. Sajinkumar

Michigan Tech Publications

The dynamics of aqueous processes within the Eos Chasma region in the trough of Valles Marineris on Mars have been attributed to a variety of Hesperian-aged landforms. We aim to improve the understanding of the geological characteristics of the western part of the Eos Chaos by investigating the morphological, topographical, and thermo-physical characteristics of the western semi-circular segment of Valles Marineris. The western Eos Chaos is characterized by remnants of an elevated crater rim, a central peak, and a circular boundary. Based on these observations, we infer that the study area is an ancient, highly degraded impact crater. Our observations …

Terrain Characterization Via Machine Vs. Deep Learning Using Remote Sensing, Jordan Ewing, Thomas Oommen, Jobin Thomas, Anush Kasaragod, Richard Dobson, Colin Brooks, Paramsothy Jayakumar, Michael Cole, Tulga Ersal

Michigan Tech Publications

Terrain traversability is critical for developing Go/No-Go maps for ground vehicles, which significantly impact a mission’s success. To predict the mobility of terrain, one must understand the soil characteristics. In-situ measurements performed in the field are the current method of collecting this information, which is time-consuming, costly, and can be lethal for military operations. This paper investigates an alternative approach using thermal, multispectral, and hyperspectral remote sensing from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform. Remotely sensed data combined with machine learning (linear, ridge, lasso, partial least squares (PLS), support vector machines (SVM), and k nearest neighbors (KNN)) and deep learning …

Multi-Sensor And Multi-Scale Remote Sensing Approach For Assessing Slope Instability Along Transportation Corridors Using Satellites And Uncrewed Aircraft Systems, Marta Zocchi, Anush Kasaragod, Abby Jenkins, Chris Cook, Richard Dobson, Thomas Oommen, Dana Van Huis, Beau Taylor, Colin Brooks, Roberta Marini, Francesco Troiani, Paolo Mazzanti

Michigan Tech Publications

Rapid slope instabilities (i.e., rockfalls) involving highway networks in mountainous areas pose a threat to facilities, settlements and life, thus representing a challenge for asset management plans. To identify different morphological expressions of degradation processes that lead to rock mass destabilization, we combined satellite and uncrewed aircraft system (UAS)-based products over two study sites along the State Highway 133 sector near Paonia Reservoir, Colorado (USA). Along with a PS-InSAR analysis covering the 2017–2021 interval, a high-resolution dataset composed of optical, thermal and multi-spectral imagery was systematically acquired during two UAS surveys in September 2021 and June 2022. After a pre-processing …

Outboard Onset Of Ross Orogen Magmatism And Subsequent Igneous And Metamorphic Cooling Linked To Slab Rollback During Late-Stage Gondwana Assembly, Timothy Paulsen, John Encarnación, Anne Grunow, Jeffrey Benowitz, Paul Layer, Chad Deering, Jakub Sliwinski

Michigan Tech Publications

Changes in magmatism and sedimentation along the late Neoproterozoic-early Paleozoic Ross orogenic belt in Antarctica have been linked to the cessation of convergence along the Mozambique belt during the assembly of East-West Gondwana. However, these interpretations are non-unique and are based, in part, on limited thermochronological data sets spread out along large sectors of the East Antarctic margin. We report new 40Ar/39Ar hornblende, muscovite, and biotite age data for plutonic (n = 13) and metasedimentary (n = 3) samples from the Shackleton–Liv Glacier sector of the Queen Maud Mountains in Antarctica. Cumulative 40Ar/39Ar age data show polymodal age peaks (510 …

Infrasound Detection Of Approaching Lahars, J B. Johnson, A Roca, A Pineda, R Mérida, R. Escobar-Wolf, J F. Anderson, J Mock, A Bosa, G Bejar, G. P. Waite

Michigan Tech Publications

Infrasound may be used to detect the approach of hazardous volcanic mudflows, known as lahars, tens of minutes before their flow fronts arrive. We have analyzed signals from more than 20 secondary lahars caused by precipitation events at Fuego Volcano during Guatemala's rainy season in May through October of 2022. We are able to quantify the capabilities of infrasound monitoring through comparison with seismic data, time lapse camera imagery, and high-resolution video of a well-recorded event on August 17. We determine that infrasound sensors, deployed adjacent to the lahar path and in small-aperture (10 s of meters) arrays, are particularly …

Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Of A Part Of The Western Ghats (India) Employing The Ahp And F-Ahp Models And Comparison With Existing Susceptibility Maps, Sheela Bhuvanendran Bhagya, Anita Saji Sumi, Sankaran Balaji, Jean Homian Danumah, Romulus Costache, Ambujendran Rajaneesh, Ajayakumar Gokul, Chandini Padmanabhapanicker Chandrasenan, Renata Pacheco Quevedo, Alfred Johny, Kochappi Sathyan Sajinkumar, Sunil Saha, Rajendran Shobha Ajin, Pratheesh Chacko Mammen, Kamal Abdelrahman, Mohammed S. Fnais, Mohamed Abioui

Michigan Tech Publications

Landslides are prevalent in the Western Ghats, and the incidences that happened in 2021 in the Koottickal area of the Kottayam district (Western Ghats) resulted in the loss of 10 lives. The objectives of this study are to assess the landslide susceptibility of the high-range local self-governments (LSGs) in the Kottayam district using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy-AHP (F-AHP) models and to compare the performance of existing landslide susceptible maps. This area never witnessed any massive landslides of this dimension, which warrants the necessity of relooking into the existing landslide-susceptible models. For AHP and F-AHP modeling, ten conditioning …

Wildfire Risk Zone Mapping In Contrasting Climatic Conditions: An Approach Employing Ahp And F-Ahp Models, Aishwarya Sinha, Suresh Nikhil, Rajendran Shobha Ajin, Jean Homian Danumah, Sunil Saha, Romulus Costache, Ambujendran Rajaneesh, Kochappi Sathyan Sajinkumar, Kolangad Amrutha, Alfred Johny, Fahad Marzook, Pratheesh Chacko Mammen, Kamal Abdelrahman, Mohammed S. Fnais, Mohamed Abioui

Michigan Tech Publications

Wildfires are one of the gravest and most momentous hazards affecting rich forest biomes worldwide; India is one of the hotspots due to its diverse forest types and human-induced reasons. This research aims to identify wildfire risk zones in two contrasting climate zones, the Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary in the Western Ghats and the Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary in the Himalayas, using geospatial tools, analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and fuzzy-AHP models to assess the impacts of various conditioning factors and compare the efficacy of the two models. Both of the wildlife sanctuaries were severely battered by fires in the past, with more …

Version 2 Of The Global Catalogue Of Large Anthropogenic And Volcanic So2 Sources And Emissions Derived From Satellite Measurements, Vitali E. Fioletov, Chris A. Mclinden, Debora Griffin, Ihab Abboud, Nickolay Krotkov, Peter J.T. Leonard, Can Li, Joanna Joiner, Nicolas Theys, Simon Carn

Michigan Tech Publications

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) measurements from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS), and TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) satellite spectrometers were used to update and extend the previously developed global catalogue of large SO2 emission sources. This version 2 of the global catalogue covers the period of 2005-2021 and includes a total of 759 continuously emitting point sources releasing from about 10 ktyr-1 to more than 4000 ktyr-1 of SO2, that have been identified and grouped by country and primary source origin: volcanoes (106 sources); power plants (477); smelters (74); and sources related to the oil and …

Underestimated Passive Volcanic Sulfur Degassing Implies Overestimated Anthropogenic Aerosol Forcing, U. A. Jongebloed, A. J. Schauer, J. Cole-Dai, C. G. Larrick, R. Wood, T. P. Fischer, S. A. Carn, S. Salimi, S. R. Edouard, S. Zhai, L. Geng, B. Alexander

Michigan Tech Publications

The Arctic is warming at almost four times the global rate. An estimated sixty percent of greenhouse-gas-induced Arctic warming has been offset by anthropogenic aerosols, but the contribution of aerosols to radiative forcing (RF) represents the largest uncertainty in estimating total RF, largely due to unknown preindustrial aerosol abundance. Here, sulfur isotope measurements in a Greenland ice core show that passive volcanic degassing contributes up to 66 ± 10% of preindustrial ice core sulfate in years without major eruptions. A state-of-the-art model indicates passive volcanic sulfur emissions influencing the Arctic are underestimated by up to a factor of three, possibly …

Influence Of The Preparation Technique On The Magnetic Characteristics Of Ε-Fe2o3-Based Composites, Dmitriy O. Testov, Kamil G. Gareev, Ivan K. Khmelnitskiy, Andrei Kosterov, Leonid Surovitskii, Victor V. Luchinin

Michigan Tech Publications

ε-Fe2O3 is an iron(III) oxide polymorph attracting an increasing interest due to its unique magnetic properties combining extremely high coercivity and relatively large saturation magnetization. We review existing methods for the ε-Fe2O3 synthesis focusing on synthesis speed, repeatability, manufacturability and purity of the final product. Samples of ε-Fe2O3 have been synthesized using the two methods that appear the most promising: silica gel impregnation and microemulsion. In both cases, ε-Fe2O3 and α-Fe2O3 are present in the final product as attested by X-ray diffraction patterns and magnetic properties (maximum coercive force at 300 K~1 Tesla). Two different precursors, iron(III) nitrate and iron(II) …

Out Of The Blue: Volcanic So2 Emissions During The 2021–2022 Eruptions Of Hunga Tonga—Hunga Ha’Apai (Tonga), S. A. Carn, N. A. Krotkov, B. L. Fisher, C. Li

Michigan Tech Publications

Most volcanism on Earth is submarine, but volcanic gas emissions by submarine eruptions are rarely observed and hence largely unquantified. On 15 January 2022 a submarine eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) volcano (Tonga) generated an explosion of historic magnitude, and was preceded by ∼1 month of Surtseyan eruptive activity and two precursory explosive eruptions. We present an analysis of ultraviolet (UV) satellite measurements of volcanic sulfur dioxide (SO2) between December 2021 and the climactic 15 January 2022 eruption, comprising an unprecedented record of Surtseyan eruptive emissions. UV measurements from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA’s Aura satellite, the …

Pre-Eruptive Excess Volatiles And Their Relationship To Effusive And Explosive Eruption Styles In Semi-Plugged Volcanoes, Sri Budhi Utami, Juan Andùjar, Fidel Costa, Bruno Scaillet, Hanik Humaida, Simon Carn

Michigan Tech Publications

Understanding the role of various factors influencing eruption style is challenging, but it can aid in adapting different hazard mitigations and crisis responses for explosive or effusive events. Here, we focus on the role of magma storage conditions in controlling eruption styles at basaltic andesite volcanoes, and how they can be related to monitoring data. We study the cycle of explosive (1990, sub-Plinian) → effusive (2007, dome) → explosive (2014, sub-Plinian) eruptions from Kelud (Kelut) volcano, Indonesia. We conducted petrological analyses of the eruption products and phase equilibria experiments using pumice and explored a range of temperatures, pressures, oxygen fugacity, …

Application Of Fuzzy Logic And Fractal Modeling Approach For Groundwater Potential Mapping In Semi-Arid Akka Basin, Southeast Morocco, Fatima Zahra Echogdali, Said Boutaleb, Rosine Basseu Kpan, Mohammed Ouchchen, Amine Bendarma, Hasna El Ayady, Kamal Abdelrahman, Mohammed S. Fnais, Kochappi Sathyan Sajinkumar, Mohamed Abioui

Michigan Tech Publications

Groundwater potential delineation in the Akka basin, southwest Morocco, has been determined through the combination of geospatial techniques and geological data. The geometric average and expected value are two multi-criteria approaches used to integrate a set of factors–data for which the weights of each factor are assigned using the fuzzy logic function, which transforms values of factors influencing groundwater presence in a range of [0, 1]. The efficiency factors used in this study are the lineament density, node density, drainage density, distance from rivers, distance from lineament, permeability, slope, topographic witness index, plan curvature, and profile curvature. Thereafter, the groundwater …

Challenges Of Modeling Rainfall Triggered Landslides In A Data-Sparse Region: A Case Study From The Western Ghats, India, C. L. Vishnu, T. Oommen, Snehamoy Chatterjee, K. S. Sajinkumar

Michigan Tech Publications

Accurate rainfall estimates are required to forecast the spatio-temporal distribution of rain-triggered landslides. In this study, a comparison between rain gauge and satellite rainfall data for assessing landslide distribution in a data-sparse region, the mountainous district of Idukki, along the Western Ghats of southwestern India, is carried out. Global Precipitation Mission Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM-Late (GPM IMERG-L) rainfall products were compared with rain gauge measurements, and it was found that the satellite rainfall observations were underpredicting the actual rainfall. A conditional merging algorithm was applied to develop a product that combines the accuracy of rain gauges and the spatial …

Flood Hazard Index Application In Arid Catchments: Case Of The Taguenit Wadi Watershed, Lakhssas, Morocco, Mustapha Ikirri, Farid Faik, Fatima Zahra Echogdali, Isabel Margarida Horta Ribeiro Antunes, Mohamed Abioui, Kamal Abdelrahman, Mohammed S. Fnais, Abderrahmane Wanaim, Mouna Id-Belqas, Said Boutaleb, Kochappi Sathyan Sajinkumar, Adolfo Quesada-Román

Michigan Tech Publications

During the last decade, climate change has generated extreme rainfall events triggering flash floods in short periods worldwide. The delimitation of flood zones by detailed mapping generally makes it possible to avoid human and economic losses, especially in regions at high risk of flooding. The Taguenit basin, located in southern Morocco, is a particular case. The mapping of the flood zones of this basin by the method of the Flood Hazard Index (FHI) in a GIS geographic information systems environment was based on the multi-criteria analysis, taking into consideration the seven parameters influencing these extreme phenomena, namely rainfall, slope, flow …

Evaluation Of Various Data Acquisition Scenarios For The Retrieval Of Seismic Body Waves From Ambient Noise Seismic Interferometry Technique Via Numerical Modeling, Haitao Cao, Erdi Apatay, Garvie Crane, Boming Wu, Ke Gao, Roohollah Askari

Michigan Tech Publications

Seismic interferometry is often proposed as a cost-efficient technique for reservoir monitoring including CO2 sequestration due to its low cost and environmental advantages over active source imaging. Although many studies have demonstrated the ability of seismic interferometry to retrieve surface waves, body wave imaging remains challenging due to their generally lower amplitudes of body waves in seismic interferometry data. An optimum data acquisition strategy can help retrieve low amplitude body waves better, however, rare attempts have been made to evaluate various data acquisition strategies. In this study, we use numerical modeling to examine three different acquisition schemes to evaluate the …

Novel Mlr-Rf-Based Geospatial Techniques: A Comparison With Ok, Waqas Ahmad, Khan Muhammad, Hylke Jan Glass, Snehamoy Chatterjee, Asif Khan, Abid Hussain

Michigan Tech Publications

Geostatistical estimation methods rely on experimental variograms that are mostly erratic, leading to subjective model fitting and assuming normal distribution during conditional simula-tions. In contrast, Machine Learning Algorithms (MLA) are (1) free of such limitations, (2) can in-corporate information from multiple sources and therefore emerge with increasing interest in real-time resource estimation and automation. However, MLAs need to be explored for robust learning of phenomena, better accuracy, and computational efficiency. This paper compares MLAs, i.e., Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Random Forest (RF), with Ordinary Kriging (OK). The techniques were applied to the publicly available Walkerlake dataset, while the exhaustive …

The Tertiary Sequence Of Varkala Coastal Cliffs, Southwestern India: An Ideal Site For Global Geopark, K. S. Sajinkumar, M. Santosh, V. R. Rani, Subhash Anand, A. P. Pradeepkumar, Anil Chavan, K. P. Thrivikramji, P. V. Ramachandran

Michigan Tech Publications

Varkala, along the southwestern coast of Peninsular India, has a unique place in Indian geology and geomorphology due to the presence of coastal lateritic cliffs, which exposes the entire Mio-Pliocene sequence of Warkalli Formation, and is declared as the type area. Stratigraphically, this formation exposes carbonaceous clay with lenses of lignite and sticks of marcasite, followed by variegated clays and sandstone. The presence of variegated lithounits endows beauty to these cliffs. Varkala cliffs, edging the Arabian Sea, run for a length of 7.5 km. These cliffs, together with confined beaches, made Varkala a popular tourist destination. Several geodiversity spots within …

Final Inversion Of The Midcontinent Rift During The Rigolet Phase Of The Grenvillian Orogeny, Eben B. Hodgin, Nicholas L. Swanson-Hysell, James M. Degraff, Andrew R.C. Kylander-Clark, Mark D. Schmitz, Andrew C. Turner, Yiming Zhang, Daniel A. Stolper

Michigan Tech Publications

Despite being a prominent continental-scale feature, the late Mesoproterozoic North American Midcontinent Rift did not result in the break-up of Laurentia, and subsequently underwent structural inversion. The timing of inversion is critical for constraining far-field effects of orogenesis and processes associated with the rift’s failure. The Keweenaw fault in northern Michigan (USA) is a major thrust structure associated with rift inversion; it places ca. 1093 Ma rift volcanic rocks atop the post-rift Jacobsville Formation, which is folded in its footwall. Previous detrital zircon (DZ) U-Pb geochronology conducted by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) assigned a ca. 950 Ma maximum …

Sources Of Hydrothermal Fluids Inferred From Oxygen And Carbon Isotope Composition Of Calcite, Keweenaw Peninsula Native Copper District, Michigan, Usa, Thomas Bodden, Theodore J. Bornhorst, Florence Bégué, Chad Deering

Michigan Tech Publications

The Mesoproterozoic North American Midcontinent Rift hosts the world’s largest accu-mulation of native copper in Michigan’s Keweenaw Peninsula. During a regional metamorpho-genic‐hydrothermal event, native copper was deposited along with spatially zoned main‐stage minerals in a thermal high. This was followed by deposition of late‐stage minerals including minor copper sulfide. Inferences from the oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of main‐stage hydrothermal fluids, as calculated from 296 new and compiled isotopic measurements on calcite, are consistent with existing models that low‐sulfur saline native copper ore‐forming fluids were domi-nantly derived by burial metamorphic processes from the very low sulfur basalt‐dominated rift fill at …

A New Stefan Equation To Characterize The Evolution Of Thermokarst Lake And Talik Geometry, Noriaki Ohara, Benjamin M. Jones, Andrew D. Parsekian, Kenneth M Hinkel, Katsu Yamatani, Mikhail Kanevskiy, Rodrigo C. Rangel, Amy L. Breen, Helena Bergstedt

Michigan Tech Publications

Thermokarst lake dynamics, which play an essential role in carbon release due to permafrost thaw, are affected by various geomorphological processes. In this study, we derive a three-dimensional (3D) Stefan equation to characterize talik geometry under a hypothetical thermokarst lake in the continuous permafrost region. Using the Euler equation in the calculus of variations, the lower bounds of the talik were determined as an extremum of the functional describing the phase boundary area with a fixed total talik volume. We demonstrate that the semi-ellipsoid geometry of the talik is optimal for minimizing the total permafrost thaw under the lake for …

Meteorite Impact Craters As Hotspots For Mineral Resources And Energy Fuels: A Global Review, S. James, Saranya R. Chandran, M. Santosh, A. P. Pradeepkumar, M. N. Praveen, K. S. Sajinkumar

Michigan Tech Publications

The ever-increasing recovery rate of natural resources from terrestrial impact craters over the last few decades across the globe offers new avenues for further exploration of mineral and hydrocarbon resources in such settings. As of today, 60 of the 208 terrestrial craters have been identified to host diverse resources such as hydrocarbons, metals and construction materials. The potential of craters as plausible resource contributors to the energy sector is therefore, worthy of consideration, as 42 (70%) of the 60 craters host energy resources such as oil, gas, coal, uranium, mercury, critical and major minerals as well as hydropower resources. Among …

Remote Sensing For Energy Resources: Introduction, K. S. Sajinkumar, Thomas Oommen

Michigan Tech Publications

No abstract provided.

Insar As A Tool For Monitoring Hydropower Projects: A Review, J. Aswathi, R. B. Binoj Kumar, Thomas Oommen, E. H. Bouali, K. S. Sajinkumar

Michigan Tech Publications

This paper provides a review of using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), a microwave remote sensing technique, for deformation monitoring of hydroelectric power projects, a critical infrastructure that requires consistent and reliable monitoring. Almost all major dams around the world were built for the generation of hydropower. InSAR can enhance dam safety by providing timely settlement measurements at high spatial-resolution. This paper provides a holistic view of different InSAR deformation monitoring techniques such as Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (DInSAR), Ground-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar (GBInSAR), Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PSInSAR), Multi-Temporal Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (MTInSAR), Quasi-Persistent Scatterer …

Skip Nav Destination Research Article| March 16, 2022 Assessing The Effect Of Melt Extraction From Mushy Reservoirs On Compositions Of Granitoids: From A Global Database To A Single Batholith, J. Cornet, O. Bachmann, J. Ganne, A. Fiedrich, C. Huber, C. D. Deering, X. Feng

Michigan Tech Publications

Mafic and ultramafic plutonic rocks are often considered to be crystal cumulates (i.e., they are melt-depleted), but such a classification is much more contentious for intermediate to silicic granitoids (e.g., tonalite, granodiorite, granite, and syenite). Whether or not a given plutonic rock has lost melt to feed shallower subvolcanic intrusive bodies or volcanic edifices has key implications for understanding igneous processes occurring within the crust throughout the evolution of the Earth. We use statistical analyses of a global volcanic and plutonic rock database to show that most mafic to felsic plutonic rock compositions can be interpreted as melt-depleted (i.e., most …

Integrated Parametric Graph Closure And Branch-And-Cut Algorithm For Open Pit Mine Scheduling Under Uncertainty, Devendra Joshi, Amol Paithankar, Snehamoy Chatterjee, Sk Md Equeenuddin

Michigan Tech Publications

Open pit mine production scheduling is a computationally expensive large-scale mixed-integer linear programming problem. This research develops a computationally efficient algorithm to solve open pit production scheduling problems under uncertain geological parameters. The proposed solution approach for production scheduling is a two-stage process. The stochastic production scheduling problem is iteratively solved in the first stage after relaxing resource constraints using a parametric graph closure algorithm. Finally, the branch-and-cut algorithm is applied to respect the resource constraints, which might be violated during the first stage of the algorithm. Six small-scale production scheduling problems from iron and copper mines were used to …

Lava Volume From Remote Sensing Data: Comparisons With Reverse Petrological Approaches For Two Types Of Effusive Eruption, Pauline Verdurme, Simon Carn, Andrew J.L. Harris, Diego Coppola, Andrea Di Muro, Santiago Arellano, Lucia Gurioli

Michigan Tech Publications

Five effusive eruptions of Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion) are analyzed to investigate temporal trends of erupted mass and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions. Daily SO2 emissions are acquired from three ultraviolet (UV) satellite instruments (the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS), and the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI)) and an array of ground-based UV spectrometers (Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change (NOVAC)). Time-averaged lava discharge rates (TADRs) are obtained from two automatic satellite-based hot spot detection systems: MIROVA and MODVOLC. Assuming that the lava volumes measured in the field are accurate, the MIROVA …

Continental Magmatism And Uplift As The Primary Driver For First-Order Oceanic 87sr/86sr Variability With Implications For Global Climate And Atmospheric Oxygenation, Timothy Paulsen, Chad Deering, Jakub Sliwinski, Snehamoy Chatterjee, Olivier Bachman

Michigan Tech Publications

Oceans cover 70% of Earth's surface, setting it apart from the other terrestrial planets in the solar system, but the mechanisms driving oceanic chemical evolution through time remain an important unresolved problem. Imbalance in the strontium cycle, introduced, for example, by increases in continental weathering associated with mountain building, has been inferred from shifts in marine carbonate 87Sr/86Sr ratios. There are, however, uncertainties about the spatial and temporal patterns of crustal evolution in Earth's past, particularly for the period leading up to the Cambrian explosion of life. Here we show that U-Pb age and trace element data from a global …

A Comparison Of Multiple Machine Learning Algorithms To Predict Whole-Body Vibration Exposure Of Dumper Operators In Iron Ore Mines In India, Rahul Upadhyay, Amrites Senapati, Ashis Bhattacherjee, Aditya Kumar Patra, Snehamoy Chatterjee

Michigan Tech Publications

Background: This study deals with some factors that influence the exposure of whole-body vibration (WBV) of dumper operators in surface mines. The study also highlights the approach to improve the multivariate linear analysis outcomes when collinearity exists between certain factor pairs.

Material and Methods: A total number of 130 vibration readings was taken from two adjacent surface iron ore mines. The frequency-weighted RMS acceleration was used for the WBV exposure assessment of the dumper operators. The factors considered in this study are age, weight, seat backrest height, awkward posture, the machine age, load tonnage, dumper speed and haul …

Remote Sensing-Based Statistical Approach For Defining Drained Lake Basins In A Continuous Permafrost Region, North Slope Of Alaska, Helena Bergstedt, Benjamin M. Jones, Kenneth M Hinkel, Louise Farquharson, Benjamin V. Gaglioti, Andrew D. Parsekian, Mikhail Kanevskiy, Noriaki Ohara, Amy L. Breen, Rodrigo C. Rangel, Guido Grosse, Ingmar Nitze

Michigan Tech Publications

Lake formation and drainage are pervasive phenomena in permafrost regions. Drained lake basins (DLBs) are often the most common landforms in lowland permafrost regions in the Arctic (50% to 75% of the landscape). However, detailed assessments of DLB distribution and abundance are limited. In this study, we present a novel and scalable remote sensing-based approach to identifying DLBs in lowland permafrost regions, using the North Slope of Alaska as a case study. We validated this first North Slope-wide DLB data product against several previously published sub-regional scale datasets and manually classified points. The study area covered >71,000 km2, including a …