# Applied Mechanics Commons™

Articles 1 - 30 of 136

## Full-Text Articles in Applied Mechanics

Determination Of Rejected Landing Roll Runway Point-Of-No-Return And Go-Around In Transport Category Airplanes, Nihad E. Daidzic, Ph.D., Sc.D. May 2019

#### Determination Of Rejected Landing Roll Runway Point-Of-No-Return And Go-Around In Transport Category Airplanes, Nihad E. Daidzic, Ph.D., Sc.D.

##### Nihad E. Daidzic, Dr.-Ing., D.Sc., ATP, CFII, MEI

The decelerate-accelerate-takeoff maneuver in transport category airplanes has been discussed. Mathematical model based on total energy conservation has been used to calculate the rejected landing point-of-no-return on a runway which will still enable the airplane to safely execute go-around and achieve regulatory screen heights and takeoff safety speeds. After this point has been exceeded or below the point-of-no-return speed no go-around should ever be considered. Landing long and fast and/or decelerating on slippery runways may very well result in an overrun which could be prevented if the go-around is attempted before reaching this critical runway point. The point-of-no-return on ...

May 2019

#### A Contribution Toward Better Understanding Of Overbanking Tendency In Fixed-Wing Aircraft, Nihad E. Daidzic

##### Nihad E. Daidzic, Dr.-Ing., D.Sc., ATP, CFII, MEI

The phenomenon of overbanking tendency for a rigid-body, fixed-wing aircraft is investigated. Overbanking tendency is defined as a spontaneous, unbalanced rolling moment that keeps increasing an airplane’s bank angle in steep turns and must be arrested by opposite aileron action. As stated by the Federal Aviation Administration, the overbanking tendency may lead to a loss of control, especially in instrument meteorological conditions. It was found in this study that the speed differential over wing halves in horizontal turns indeed creates a rolling moment that achieves maximum values for bank angles between 45 and 55 degrees. However, this induced rolling ...

May 2019

#### Predicting The Mechanical Properties Of Nanocomposites Reinforced With 1-D, 2-D And 3-D Nanomaterials, Scott Edward Muller

##### Theses and Dissertations

Materials with features at the nanoscale can provide unique mechanical properties and increased functionality when included as part of a nanocomposite. This dissertation utilizes computational methods at multiple scales, including molecular dynamics (MD) and density functional theory (DFT), and the coupled atomistic and discrete dislocation multiscale method (CADD), to predict the mechanical properties of nanocomposites possessing nanomaterials that are either 1-D (carbyne chains), 2-D (graphene sheets), or 3-D (Al/amorphous-Si core-shell nanorod).

The MD method is used to model Ni-graphene nanocomposites. The strength of a Ni-graphene nanocomposite is found to improve by increasing the gap between the graphene sheet and ...

Analysis Of Dynamic Behaviour Of A Tensioned Carbon Nanotube In Thermal And Pressurized Environments, Ahmed Yinusa, Gbeminiyi Sobamowo Mar 2019

#### Analysis Of Dynamic Behaviour Of A Tensioned Carbon Nanotube In Thermal And Pressurized Environments, Ahmed Yinusa, Gbeminiyi Sobamowo

##### Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

In this paper, the dynamic behaviour of a tensioned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) in thermal and pressurized environments is investigated analytically. With the applications of Bernoulli-Euler and thermal elasticity mechanics theories, the governing equation of motion are developed and solved using Laplace and Fourier transforms. The results of the close form solution in this work are in excellent agreements with past results in literature. From the parametric studies, it is established that as the magnitude of the pressure distribution at the surface increases, the deflection associated with the nanotube increases at any mode of vibration. However, a corresponding increase in ...

Dec 2018

#### The Effect Of Incorporating End-User Customization Into Additive Manufacturing Designs, Jonathan D. Ashley

##### Theses and Dissertations

In the realm of additive manufacturing there is an increasing trend among makers to create designs that allow for end-users to alter them prior to printing an artifact. Online design repositories have tools that facilitate the creation of such artifacts. There are currently no rules for how to create a good customizable design or a way to measure the degree of customization within a design. This work defines three types of customizations found in additive manufacturing and presents three metrics to measure the degree of customization within designs based on the three types of customization. The goal of this work ...

Fluted Films, Nathan B. Speirs, Mohammad M. Mansoor, Jesse Belden, Randy C. Hurd, Zhao Pan, Tadd T. Truscott Oct 2018

#### Fluted Films, Nathan B. Speirs, Mohammad M. Mansoor, Jesse Belden, Randy C. Hurd, Zhao Pan, Tadd T. Truscott

##### Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

This paper is associated with a poster winner of a 2017 APS/DFD Milton van Dyke Award for work presented at the DFD Gallery of Fluid Motion. The original poster is available from the Gallery of Fluid Motion, https://doi.org/10.1103/APS.DFD.2017.GFM.P0030

Theoretical And Experimental Investigation Of Forward Spatter Of Blood From A Gunshot, P. M. Comiskey, A. L. Yarin, Daniel Attinger Jun 2018

#### Theoretical And Experimental Investigation Of Forward Spatter Of Blood From A Gunshot, P. M. Comiskey, A. L. Yarin, Daniel Attinger

##### Mechanical Engineering Publications

A theoretical model predicting forward blood spatter patterns resulting from a round nose bullet gunshot wound is proposed. The chaotic disintegration of a blood layer located ahead and aside of the bullet is considered in the framework of percolation theory. The size distribution of blood drops is determined, which allows for the prediction of a blood spatter cloud being ejected from the rear side of the target where the bullet exits. Then, droplet trajectories are numerically predicted accounting for gravity and air drag, which is affected by the collective aerodynamic interaction of drops through air. The model predicts the number ...

Numerical Simulation Of A High Strain Rate Biaxial Compression Apparatus, Michael Lagieski Apr 2018

#### Numerical Simulation Of A High Strain Rate Biaxial Compression Apparatus, Michael Lagieski

##### Engineering and Applied Science Theses & Dissertations

Few experimental methods today are capable of exploring the strength of materials at high strain rates (105 s-1). Those that are capable, such as the Split Hopkinson Bar, Taylor Anvil and Plate Impact suffer from instability and are generally limited to one dimensional wave propagation. Of particular interest is material response under biaxial compression, similar to that seen in inertial confinement fusion. Laser fusion fuel pellets typically undergo large strain rates as well as plastic deformation and non-linear behavior. This work briefly outlines an experimental procedure designed to replicate these large strain rates under biaxial compression using spherical ...

Rotordynamic Analysis Of Theoretical Models And Experimental Systems, Cameron R. Naugle, Cameron Rex Naugle Apr 2018

#### Rotordynamic Analysis Of Theoretical Models And Experimental Systems, Cameron R. Naugle, Cameron Rex Naugle

##### Master's Theses and Project Reports

This thesis is intended to provide fundamental information for the construction and

analysis of rotordynamic theoretical models, and their comparison the experimental

systems. Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to construct models using Timoshenko

beam elements with viscous and hysteretic internal damping. Eigenvalues

and eigenvectors of state space equations are used to perform stability analysis, produce

critical speed maps, and visualize mode shapes. Frequency domain analysis

of theoretical models is used to provide Bode diagrams and in experimental data

full spectrum cascade plots. Experimental and theoretical model analyses are used

to optimize the control algorithm for an Active Magnetic Bearing ...

Experimental Investigation Of A New Spiral Wingtip, Naseeb Ahmed Siddiqui, Mohamed Aldeeb, Waqar Asrar, Erwin Sulaeman Mar 2018

#### Experimental Investigation Of A New Spiral Wingtip, Naseeb Ahmed Siddiqui, Mohamed Aldeeb, Waqar Asrar, Erwin Sulaeman

##### International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Experiments on the relative merits and demerits of slotted wingtips mimicking a bird’s primary feathers have been performed. The real emargination length of feather tips, their flexibility and curved shapes during cruise are considered in the present study. The experiments were performed at a Reynolds number of 3.7 x 105 on a symmetric flat plate half wing of aspect ratio 3. Lift, drag and pitching moments were measured using a six component aerodynamic balance. Four different shapes inspired by bird primary feathers have been analysed. The rigid curved tip performed the best increasing the L/D ratio ...

Rogue Rotary - Modular Robotic Rotary Joint Design, Sean Wesley Murphy, Tyler David Riessen, Jacob Mark Triplett Dec 2017

#### Rogue Rotary - Modular Robotic Rotary Joint Design, Sean Wesley Murphy, Tyler David Riessen, Jacob Mark Triplett

##### Mechanical Engineering

This paper describes the design process from ideation to test validation for a singular robotic joint to be configured into a myriad of system level of robots.

On The Ramberg-Osgood Stress-Strain Model And Large Deformations Of Cantilever Beams, Ronald J. Giardina Jr Aug 2017

#### On The Ramberg-Osgood Stress-Strain Model And Large Deformations Of Cantilever Beams, Ronald J. Giardina Jr

##### University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

In this thesis the Ramberg-Osgood nonlinear model for describing the behavior of many diﬀerent materials is investigated. A brief overview of the model as it is currently used in the literature is undertaken and several misunderstandings and possible pitfalls in its application is pointed out, especially as it pertains to more recent approaches to ﬁnding solutions involving the model. There is an investigation of the displacement of a cantilever beam under a combined loading consisting of a distributed load across the entire length of the beam and a point load at its end and new solutions to this problem are ...

Jul 2017

#### Mathematical Description And Mechanistic Reasoning: A Pathway Toward Stem Integration, Paul J. Weinberg

##### Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER)

Because reasoning about mechanism is critical to disciplined inquiry in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) domains, this study focuses on ways to support the development of this form of reasoning. This study attends to how mechanistic reasoning is constituted through mathematical description. This study draws upon Smith’s (2007) characterization of mathematical description of scientific phenomena as ‘‘bootstrapping,’’ where negotiating the relationship between target phenomena and represented relations is fundamental to learning. In addition, the development of mathematical representation presents a viable pathway towards STEM integration. In this study, participants responded to an assessment of mechanistic reasoning while cognitive ...

Hydrodynamics Of Back Spatter By Blunt Bullet Gunshot With A Link To Bloodstain Pattern Analysis, P. M. Comiskey, A. L. Yarin, Daniel Attinger Jul 2017

#### Hydrodynamics Of Back Spatter By Blunt Bullet Gunshot With A Link To Bloodstain Pattern Analysis, P. M. Comiskey, A. L. Yarin, Daniel Attinger

##### Mechanical Engineering Publications

A theoretical model describing the blood spatter pattern resulting from a blunt bullet gunshot is proposed. The predictions are compared to experimental data acquired in the present work. This hydrodynamic problem belongs to the class of the impact hydrodynamics with the pressure impulse generating the blood flow. At the free surface, the latter is directed outwards and accelerated toward the surrounding air. As a result, the Rayleigh-Taylor instability of the flow of blood occurs, which is responsible for the formation of blood drops of different sizes and initial velocities. Thus, the initial diameter, velocity, and acceleration of the atomized blood ...

Jan 2017

#### Effects Of Multilayer Network Interactions On Neural Network Dynamics, Yogesh Virkar

##### Computer Science Graduate Theses & Dissertations

Networks of excitable units are found in varied disciplines such as social science, neuroscience, genetics, epidemiology, etc. Previous studies have shown that some aspects of network function can be optimized when the network operates in the 'critical regime', i.e., at the boundary between order and disorder where the statistics of node excitations correspond to those of a classical branching process. In this thesis, we introduce and study a mathematical model of a neural network with the goal of understanding the long-standing problem of determining the mechanisms by which a neural network regulates its activity so as to operate in ...

Enhanced Enzymatic Activity From Phosphotriesterase Trimer Gold Nanoparticle Bioconjugates For Pesticide Detection, John A. Hondred, Joyce C. Breger, Nate T. Garland, Eunkeu Oh, Kimihiro Susumu, Scott A. Walper, Igor L. Medintz, Jonathan C. Claussen Jan 2017

#### Enhanced Enzymatic Activity From Phosphotriesterase Trimer Gold Nanoparticle Bioconjugates For Pesticide Detection, John A. Hondred, Joyce C. Breger, Nate T. Garland, Eunkeu Oh, Kimihiro Susumu, Scott A. Walper, Igor L. Medintz, Jonathan C. Claussen

##### Mechanical Engineering Publications

The rapid detection of organophosphates (OPs), a class of strong neurotoxins, is critically important for monitoring acute insecticide exposure and potential chemical warfare agent use. Herein, we improve the enzymatic activity of a phosphotriesterase trimer (PTE3), an enzyme that selectively recognizes OPs directly, by conjugation with distinctly sized (i.e., 5, 10, and 20 nm diameter) gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The number of enzymes immobilized on the AuNP was controlled by conjugating increasing molar ratios of PTE3 onto the AuNP surface via metal affinity coordination. This occurs between the PTE3-His6 termini and the AuNP-displayed Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid end groups and was ...

#### Microstructural Analysis Of Thermoelastic Response, Nonlinear Creep, And Pervasive Cracking In Heterogeneous Materials, Alden C. Cook

##### Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation is concerned with the development of robust numerical solution procedures for the generalized micromechanical analysis of linear and nonlinear constitutive behavior in heterogeneous materials. Although the methods developed are applicable in many engineering, geological, and materials science fields, three main areas are explored in this work. First, a numerical methodology is presented for the thermomechanical analysis of heterogeneous materials with a special focus on real polycrystalline microstructures obtained using electron backscatter diffraction techniques. Asymptotic expansion homogenization and finite element analysis are employed for micromechanical analysis of polycrystalline materials. Effective thermoelastic properties of polycrystalline materials are determined and compared ...

Dec 2016

#### Development, Analysis, And Optimization Of A Swirl-Promoting Mean Flow Solution For Solid Rocket Motors, Andrew Steven Fist

##### Masters Theses

This work demonstrates and analyses a new flow candidate for describing the internal gaseous motion in simulated rocket motors. The fundamental features of this solution include the conservation of key system properties also incorporated in the classic Taylor-Culick (TC) system (i.e. inviscid, axisymmetric, steady and rotational properties), while allowing for the development of a swirling velocity component. The work compares the new solution to the development and formulation of the classic TC system, ultimately identifying that both the new and classic solutions are special cases of the Bragg-Hawthorne equation. Following this development, the text then explores the development of ...

Thermodynamics And Historical Relevance Of A Jetting Thermometer Made Of Chinese Zisha Ceramic, Vincent Lee, Daniel Attinger Jul 2016

#### Thermodynamics And Historical Relevance Of A Jetting Thermometer Made Of Chinese Zisha Ceramic, Vincent Lee, Daniel Attinger

##### Mechanical Engineering Publications

Following a recent trend of scientific studies on artwork, we study here the thermodynamics of a thermometer made of zisha ceramic, related to the Chinese tea culture. The thermometer represents a boy who “urinates” shortly after hot water is poured onto his head. Long jetting distance is said to indicate that the water temperature is hot enough to brew tea. Here, a thermodynamic model describes the jetting phenomenon of that pee-pee boy. The study demonstrates how thermal expansion of an interior air pocket causes jetting. A thermodynamic potential is shown to define maximum jetting velocity. Seven optimization criteria to maximize ...

Experimental Building Demonstration Model With Viscous Fluid Dampers, Blake Thomas Reeve, Brianna Jean Kufa, Aden Malek Stepanians, Sophie Carmion Ratkovich Jun 2016

#### Experimental Building Demonstration Model With Viscous Fluid Dampers, Blake Thomas Reeve, Brianna Jean Kufa, Aden Malek Stepanians, Sophie Carmion Ratkovich

##### Architectural Engineering

The Architectural Engineering major places a heavy emphasis on structural dynamics and the role of wind and seismic loading in building analysis and design. Buildings of high importance that are critical to community function, such as hospitals, often utilize supplemental damping devices like supplemental viscous fluid dampers or base isolators to reduce the overall demands on the structural system. The design and analysis of these dampers are typically not taught at the undergraduate level, and is frequently performed by mechanical engineers, in lieu of structural engineers.

To better understand and research building behavior with supplemental damping devices, our multi-disciplinary team ...

Particle Image Velocimetry Design & Installation, Zach Ritchie May 2016

#### Particle Image Velocimetry Design & Installation, Zach Ritchie

##### Mechanical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

This work will mainly focus on the design, construction, and installation of the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system in the Chemical Hazards Research Center wind tunnel. The PIV system utilizes a Class IV (double pulsed) laser, optics to produce a light sheet, timing circuitry, and a high-resolution camera (with buffered output) to measure a system’s velocity (two-dimensional) field by determining the displacement of particles over the time between laser pulses. For maximum mobility and functionality, the PIV system was installed in the center of the tunnel on a moveable cart with the laser and camera mounted to an adjustable ...

Crack Detection Using Low-Frequency Ultrasonic Waves Caused By Low Directivity And Scattering, Shingo Onodera, Yuji Kato, Toshihiko Sugiura Jan 2016

#### Crack Detection Using Low-Frequency Ultrasonic Waves Caused By Low Directivity And Scattering, Shingo Onodera, Yuji Kato, Toshihiko Sugiura

##### Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation

In recent years, nondestructive testing techniques for maintenance and checking of materials and structures have been more required with social infrastructure’s aging. Although ultrasonic waves are valid in internal inspection, conventional ultrasonic detection techniques are inadequate for detecting fatigues or closed cracks, because ultrasound waves hardly reflect at them[1]. However, it has been reported that the transmitted wave through a closed crack contains nonlinear ultrasonic waves[2] such as super- and sub- harmonics, and they have been expected to be used for an alternative detecting method.

In our previous research, we experimentally examined transmission of ultrasonic waves through ...

An Annular Array Mpt For Enhanced Generation Of Omnidirectional Sh Waves In A Plate, Chung Il Park, Hong Min Seung, Jun Kyu Lee, Yoon Young Kim Jan 2016

#### An Annular Array Mpt For Enhanced Generation Of Omnidirectional Sh Waves In A Plate, Chung Il Park, Hong Min Seung, Jun Kyu Lee, Yoon Young Kim

##### Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation

If guided wave transducers are fabricated in an annular array type, the excitation and measurement of target guided wave modes could be considerably enhanced (see, e.g., [1]). Accordingly, various annular array transducers have been developed, including those generating omnidirectional Lamb waves in a plate. Here, we newly consider an annular array type MPT (magnetostrictive patch transducer) to generate enhanced SH (shear-horizontal) waves in a plate. This annular array MPT is based on our earlier development of an omnidirectional SH wave MPT [2]. For wave field analysis by the annular array SH wave MPT, the strain response in a plate ...

Determination Of Rejected Landing Roll Runway Point-Of-No-Return And Go-Around In Transport Category Airplanes, Nihad E. Daidzic, Ph.D., Sc.D. Jan 2016

#### Determination Of Rejected Landing Roll Runway Point-Of-No-Return And Go-Around In Transport Category Airplanes, Nihad E. Daidzic, Ph.D., Sc.D.

##### International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

The decelerate-accelerate-takeoff maneuver in transport category airplanes has been discussed. Mathematical model based on total energy conservation has been used to calculate the rejected landing point-of-no-return on a runway which will still enable the airplane to safely execute go-around and achieve regulatory screen heights and takeoff safety speeds. After this point has been exceeded or below the point-of-no-return speed no go-around should ever be considered. Landing long and fast and/or decelerating on slippery runways may very well result in an overrun which could be prevented if the go-around is attempted before reaching this critical runway point. The point-of-no-return on ...

Nov 2015

#### Development Of A Two-Fluid Drag Law For Clustered Particles Using Direct Numerical Simulation And Validation Through Experiments, Ahmadreza Abbasi Baharanchi

##### FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation focused on development and utilization of numerical and experimental approaches to improve the CFD modeling of fluidization flow of cohesive micron size particles. The specific objectives of this research were: (1) Developing a cluster prediction mechanism applicable to Two-Fluid Modeling (TFM) of gas-solid systems (2) Developing more accurate drag models for Two-Fluid Modeling (TFM) of gas-solid fluidization flow with the presence of cohesive interparticle forces (3) using the developed model to explore the improvement of accuracy of TFM in simulation of fluidization flow of cohesive powders (4) Understanding the causes and influential factor which led to improvements and ...

Fast-Framing Ballistic Imaging Of Velocity In An Aerated Spray, David Sedarsky, James Gord, Campbell Carter, Terrence R. Meyer, Mark Linne Nov 2015

#### Fast-Framing Ballistic Imaging Of Velocity In An Aerated Spray, David Sedarsky, James Gord, Campbell Carter, Terrence R. Meyer, Mark Linne

##### Terrence R Meyer

We describe further development of ballistic imaging adapted for the liquid core of an atomizing spray. To fully understand spray breakup dynamics, one must measure the velocity and acceleration vectors that describe the forces active in primary breakup. This information is inaccessible to most optical diagnostics, as the signal is occluded by strong scattering in the medium. Ballistic imaging mitigates this scattering noise, resolving clean shadowgram-type images of structures within the dense spray region. We demonstrate that velocity data can be extracted from ballistic images of a spray relevant to fuel-injection applications, by implementing a simple, targeted correlation method for ...

#### Numerical Solutions Of Generalized Burgers' Equations For Some Incompressible Non-Newtonian Fluids, Yupeng Shu

##### University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

The author presents some generalized Burgers' equations for incompressible and isothermal flow of viscous non-Newtonian fluids based on the Cross model, the Carreau model, and the Power-Law model and some simple assumptions on the flows. The author numerically solves the traveling wave equations for the Cross model, the Carreau model, the Power-Law model by using industrial data. The author proves existence and uniqueness of solutions to the traveling wave equations of each of the three models. The author also provides numerical estimates of the shock thickness as well as maximum strain $\varepsilon_{11}$ for each of the fluids.

#### On The Selection Of A Good Shape Parameter For Rbf Approximation And Its Application For Solving Pdes, Lei-Hsin Kuo

##### Dissertations

Meshless methods utilizing Radial Basis Functions~(RBFs) are a numerical method that require no mesh connections within the computational domain. They are useful for solving numerous real-world engineering problems. Over the past decades, after the 1970s, several RBFs have been developed and successfully applied to recover unknown functions and to solve Partial Differential Equations (PDEs).
However, some RBFs, such as Multiquadratic (MQ), Gaussian (GA), and Matern functions, contain a free variable, the shape parameter, c. Because c exerts a strong influence on the accuracy of numerical solutions, much effort has been devoted to developing methods for determining shape parameters which ...

Power Maximization Of A Three-Phase Hydrokinetic Turbine, Matthew Carleson May 2015

#### Power Maximization Of A Three-Phase Hydrokinetic Turbine, Matthew Carleson

##### Senior Theses

As Earth`s expendable resources dwindle, the need for alternative, renewable energy sources grows. Out of this need, an old favorite source is rising in popularity: small water turbines. Water-driven turbines first began as a means for turning mills and eventually evolved into massive dams that can power whole regions. This project focused on the construction of, and testing the properties of, a small pico-hydro power turbine. By using compressed air to drive the turbine, a representation of the peak power output was measured, serving as a basis for determining the value of pico-power systems in regards to the world ...

May 2015

#### Energy Selective Neutron Imaging For The Characterization Of Polycrystalline Materials, Robin Woracek

##### Doctoral Dissertations

This multipart dissertation focuses on the development and evaluation of advanced methods for material testing and characterization using neutron diffraction and imaging techniques. A major focus is on exploiting diffraction contrast in energy selective neutron imaging (often referred to as Bragg edge imaging) for strain and phase mapping of crystalline materials. The dissertation also evaluates the use of neutron diffraction to study the effect of multi-axial loading, in particular the role of applying directly shear strains from the application of torsion. A portable tension-torsion-tomography loading system has been developed for in-situ measurements and integrated at major user facilities around the ...