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Full-Text Articles in Mechanical Engineering
Hypersonic Conceptual Design Tool Comparison, James G. Wnek
Hypersonic Conceptual Design Tool Comparison, James G. Wnek
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The many iterations needed to explore a design space in the conceptual design process preclude the use of time-consuming RANS CFD for all but a few flight conditions. This research focuses on identifying the level of fidelity needed to adequately predict the aerothermodynamic characteristics of hypersonic vehicles. Three tools with differing levels of fidelity – CBAERO, Cart3D, and Kestrel – were used to analyze the Generic Hypersonic Vehicle (GHV) at the design condition of Mach 5.85 and an off-design condition of Mach 4.5. The results are representative of the different design tools but are not definitive due to the mesh …
Aerodynamics Of Fan Blade Blending, Clint J. Knape
Aerodynamics Of Fan Blade Blending, Clint J. Knape
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Blending is a method of fan and compressor blade repair. The goal of the blending process is to remove stress concentration points such as cracks and nicks along the leading, trailing, or tip edges of the blade. The stressed areas are typically removed by grinding or cropping away the surrounding material. For integrally bladed rotor (IBR) disks, repairing a damaged blade is much more economical than replacing the entire disk. However, the change in shape of the blade will change the local aerodynamics and result in mistuning, both structurally and aerodynamically. In a worst case scenario, the change in the …
Using Cfd To Improve Off-Design Throughflow Analysis, Troy J. Lanchman
Using Cfd To Improve Off-Design Throughflow Analysis, Troy J. Lanchman
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In turbomachinery design, complex internal flows give rise to significant losses and blockage whose effects are difficult to properly analyze without detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods or experiments. In a typical design method, CFD is used in conjunction with simpler throughflow or cascade codes to hasten the process. However, the lesser physical accuracy of the design codes demands the inclusion of models to improve the accuracy of the throughflow codes. This thesis aims to use CFD data to generate improved loss and blockage models for a 2D compressor throughflow code by matching throughflow data to CFD data using optimizations. …
Design Of A Novel Tissue Culture System To Subject Aortic Tissue To Multidirectional Bicuspid Aortic Valve Wall Shear Stress, Janet Liu
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Blood vessels experience complex hemodynamics marked by three-dimensionality and pulsatility. Arterial endothelial cells interact with the characteristics of the fluid wall shear stress (WSS) to maintain homeostasis or promote disease states. In particular, the bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), a congenital heart valve anatomy consisting of two leaflets instead of three, is associated with aortic complications presumably promoted by hemodynamic abnormalities. While devices have been used to test this hypothesis, their capabilities are limited to the generation of time-varying WSS magnitude in one direction. However, the increased flow helicity generated by BAVs in the aorta is expected to result in increased …
Coupling Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis And Optimization Techniques For Scramjet Engine Design, Nathan T. Mcgillivray
Coupling Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis And Optimization Techniques For Scramjet Engine Design, Nathan T. Mcgillivray
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Various aspects of hypersonic vehicles are being rapidly explored for improved functionality. One of the main areas of consideration is the fueling of a Supersonic Combusting Ramjet (scramjet) engine. Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), computer simulations can be performed to analyze the flow physics of a scramjet. In this research, an optimization code, Dakota, is integrated with the CFD to optimize a set of parameters to maximum thrust. In this study, the fuel injection and combustion is replaced with heat sources. This simplification greatly reduces the computational requirements. Additionally, the 3D geometry is reduced to an axisymmetric 2D geometry because …
Inlet Distortion Effects On The Unsteady Aerodynamics Of A Transonic Fan Stage, Daniel Oliver Reilly
Inlet Distortion Effects On The Unsteady Aerodynamics Of A Transonic Fan Stage, Daniel Oliver Reilly
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A computational study was conducted to understand the influence of aircraft inlet distortion flow on the unsteady aerodynamic loading of a gas turbine fan stage. A single stage, transonic fan design with no inlet guide vanes was modeled with a commercial, computational fluid dynamics solver, STAR-CCM+, using the harmonic balance technique. The baseline inlet boundary condition applied to the model is consistent with that of a homeomorphic variant of the M2129 S-duct, and exhibited stagnation pressure distortion and a swirl pattern. The baseline inlet flow was decomposed and parameterized into a set of inlet boundary conditions which were individually applied …
Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulations Of A Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle, Alex W. Byrd
Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulations Of A Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle, Alex W. Byrd
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Interest in micro air vehicles (MAVs) for reconnaissance and surveillance has grown steadily in the last decade. Prototypes are being developed and built with a variety of capabilities, such as the ability to hover and glide. However, the design of these vehicles is hindered by the lack of understanding of the underlying physics; therefore, the design process for MAVs has relied mostly on trial-and-error based production. Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) techniques can be used to improve upon the results found in traditional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. In this thesis, a verification of FSI is first completed, followed by FSI MAV …
Computational Investigation Of Ethanol And Bifuel Feasibility In Solstice Engine, Adam Michael Blake
Computational Investigation Of Ethanol And Bifuel Feasibility In Solstice Engine, Adam Michael Blake
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A Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine enables an increased fuel efficiency and higher power output than a conventional Port Fuel Injection (PFI) system. By injecting pressurized fuel straight into each cylinder of an internal-combustion engine, the degree of fuel atomization is increased, as well as the fuel vaporization rate. In order to further harness the effects of direct injection, ethanol is implemented as a fuel. The cooling effect of ethanol fuel droplets changing to vapor inside the combustion chamber facilitates a higher compression ratio, thus increasing engine power and efficiency. Three dimensional computational simulation is used to investigate the feasibility …
Computational Study On Micro-Pilot Flame Ignition Strategy For A Direct Injection Stratified Charge Rotary Engine, Zachary Steven Votaw
Computational Study On Micro-Pilot Flame Ignition Strategy For A Direct Injection Stratified Charge Rotary Engine, Zachary Steven Votaw
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The Office of Security of Defense's Assured Fuels Initiative has recently been pressing for a single fuel battle space. This endeavor requires modifying many of the vehicle power plants currently in operation throughout the Armed Forces. The RQ-7 Shadow, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) utilized by the Marine Corp and Army for reconnaissance purposes, is powered by UEL's AR741 rotary engine and functions on aviation fuel. One effort underway has been focused on developing this rotary engine system to operate on heavy fuels using direct injection technology and charge stratification. Although the rotary engine has many advantages over standard reciprocating …
An Implicit High-Order Spectral Difference Method For The Compressible Navier-Stokes Equations Using Adaptive Polynomial Refinement, Caleb J. Barnes
An Implicit High-Order Spectral Difference Method For The Compressible Navier-Stokes Equations Using Adaptive Polynomial Refinement, Caleb J. Barnes
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A high/variable-order numerical simulation procedure for gas dynamics problems was developed to model steep grading physical phenomena. Higher order resolution was achieved using an orthogonal polynomial Gauss-Lobatto grid, adaptive polynomial refinement and artificial diffusion activated by a pressure switch. The method is designed to be computationally stable, accurate, and capable of resolving discontinuities and steep gradients without the use of one-sided reconstructions or reducing to low-order. Solutions to several benchmark gas-dynamics problems were produced including a shock-tube and a shock-entropy wave interaction. The scheme's 1st-order solution was validated in comparison to a 1st-order Roe scheme solution. Higher-order solutions were shown …