Mechanical Engineering Commons^™

Husker Motorsports Active Drag Reduction System, Creighton Hughes, Evan Killian, Micah Busboom, Aj Johnson, Jude Steffen

Honors Theses

Formula SAE is a multifaceted competition that involves student teams designing and competing with an open-wheel style race car. There are 5 different dynamic events included in the competition. Each event requires a unique aerodynamic setup to have the best performance possible. This design project focuses on a drag reduction system (DRS) that will improve aerodynamic performance, resulting in faster lap times and increased competitiveness. Key features include a direct electronic actuation mechanism that will allow the rear wing to be adjusted during a race. The benefits of the DRS system, include increased speed, improved handling, and greater fuel efficiency …

Parametric Modeling Of Biomimetic Sharkskin For Wire Edm For Drag Reduction And Hydrophobicity, Joel Maxwell

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This research sets out to demonstrate the viability of parametric modeling for biomimetic sharkskin in the effort to reduce drag and create a self-cleaning surface. Multiple designs were created to be machined by Wire EDM on stainless steel and titanium and were comparatively tested. Limitations of current manufacturing processes to economically produce naturally occurring structures such as sharkskin, emphasize the need to be able to calculate the most accurate design for a given manufacturing process. By designing a simplified but parametrically consistent model compared to an accurately depicted 3D model of sharkskin, the textured samples produced can be further tested …

Bibliometric Analysis On Artificial Compressibility Method Based Cfd Simulations, Bhavna Hemraj Joshi Miss, Chandrakant R. Sonawane Dr, Priyambada Bada Praharaj Mrs, Anand Kumar Pandey Dr

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This bibliometric analysis in this paper aims to study the quantitative progress done in the artificial compressibility (AC) method-based CFD simulation and analyze its potential in solving incompressible flow simulations in computational fluid dynamics smoothly. The sector of CFD is enhancing more and more maturely due to advancements in computing architecture, numerical methods, and simulation tools. There have been various attempts to solve the pressure-velocity coupling issue in the Navier-Stokes equation. The artificial compressibility method (ACM), as opposed to pressure-correction methods, solves the incompressible equation in a non-segregated manner. With the introduction of the ACM, the system of the equation …

Novel And Fast Peridynamic Models For Material Degradation And Failure, Siavash Jafarzadeh

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Fracture is one of the main mechanisms of structural failure. Corroded surfaces with chemically-induced damage are, notably, potential sites for crack initiation and propagation in metals, which can lead to catastrophic failure of structures. Despite some progress in simulating fracture and damage using classical models, realistic prediction of complex damage progression and failure has been out of reach for many decades. Peridynamics (PD), a nonlocal theory introduced in 2000, opened up new avenues in modeling material degradation and failure. Existing numerical methods used to discretize PD equations, however, are quite expensive as the PD nonlocal interactions make them unaffordable for …

Artificial Intelligence-Driven Remaining Useful Life Prediction Of A Machinery-A Review, Dvij Barot, Honey Sharma, Mahika Yadav, Pooja Kamat

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The Remaining Useful Life of a machine is very useful statistical information for the operator and manufacturer. It provides a very clear perspective to the user how long the machine can be operated and if any faults are detected how can they be prevented and ultimately increase the Remaining Useful Life. If the operators are aware of the forthcoming issues of the machine the downtime caused in the inspection, part delivery and eventually replacing parts is significantly reduced.

The paper presents a study on the remaining useful life of machinery as it is an emerging technique, starting from the year …

Geometric Iteration Of A Knee Prosthetic And Static Stress-Bearing Capacity, Alexander Wheeler

Honors Theses

The purpose of this study was to improve a prosthetic knee model in terms of size, weight, and biocompatibility. Several tests were run to determine its effectiveness in supporting static and quasistatic loads. The positions in which these tests were run include static upright standing, static one-knee 90 degree kneeling, static squatting at maximum flexion, and quasistatic midstride. These simulations were conducted to find areas of high stress and strain. These patterns were used to determine the maximum body weight a physical prosthetic could support. The material used to create the prosthetic was changed from AISI 316 stainless steel to …

Development Of Iowa Dot Combination Bridge Separation Barrier With Bicycle Railing, Chaz M. Ginger

Department of Engineering Mechanics: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The Iowa Department of Transportation typically builds separation barriers between vehicle and pedestrian/bicycle facilities when sidewalks or trails are present on vehicular bridges. Currently, Iowa DOT employs a combination bridge rail that utilizes a concrete parapet that previously had been successfully evaluated to National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350 Test Level 4 (TL-4) criteria for these situations. While the parapet had been successfully evaluated, the combination bridge rail system as a whole had not been evaluated to any crash test standards. Iowa DOT desired that researchers at Midwest Roadside Safety Facility (MwRSF) design and test a combination bridge …

Cam-Based Pose-Independent Counterweighting For Partial Body-Weight Support In Rehabilitation, Ashish Shinde

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This thesis presents the design and testing of a body weight support system for gait training in a two-dimensional workspace. Extension of the system to a three-dimensional workspace is not within the scope of this thesis.

Gait dysfunctions are changes in normal walking patterns, often related to a disease or abnormality in different areas of the body. There are numerous body weight support (BWS) systems present in the market which are applied to rehabilitation scenarios in mobility recovery like in gait training. But most of these BWE systems are costly and generally are stationary devices. A major drawback of such …

Development Of The End-Effector Of A Cable-Driven Parallel Manipulator For Automated Crop Sensing, Iman Salafian

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

A four cable-driven parallel manipulator (4CDPM), consisting of sophisticated spectrometers and imagers, is under development for use in acquiring phenotypic and environmental data over an acre-sized maize field. This thesis presents the design, controls, and testing of two sub-systems in a 4CDPM: a Center of Mass Balance System (CMBS) and a Drop-Down System (DDS).

One of the factors that influences stability is the center of mass (COM) position of the end effector. An offset in COM can cause a pendulum effect or an undesired tilt angle. A center of mass balancing system is presented in this thesis to minimize the …

Safer Sweep Auger Operation Using Robotics, Nathan A. Wulf

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This thesis presents a remotely controlled robotic solution for those who must sometimes enter agriculturally confined spaces in attempts to assist with grain bin cleanout, particularly by manipulating the sweep auger. In 2015 alone, there were at least 47 documented incidents that occurred in agriculturally confined spaces, of which more than half were fatal. While there have been several advancements in the quality and effectiveness of sweep augers, there have been very few that offer the safety and adaptability of the robotic solution proposed. This robotic solution is a four-wheeled, skid-steering style robot with camera and lighting attachments that allow …

Comparing Various Hardware/Software Solutions And Conversion Methods For Controller Area Network (Can) Bus Data Collection, Samuel E. Marx, Joe D. Luck, Santosh Pitla, Roger M. Hoy

Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications

Various hardware and software solutions exist for collecting Controller Area Network (CAN) bus data. Digital data accuracy could vary based upon different data logging methods (e.g., hardware/software timing, processor timing, etc.). CAN bus data were collected from agricultural tractors using multiple data acquisition solutions to quantify differences among collection methods and demonstrate potential data accumulation rates. Two types of data were observed for this study. The first, CAN bus frame data, represents data collected for each line of hex data sent from an ECU. One issue with frame data is the resulting large file sizes, therefore a second logging format …

Conceptual Development Of An Impact-Attenuation System For Intersecting Roadways, Joseph G. Putjenter

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Longitudinal barriers are commonly used to shield hazards, including stiff bridge rail ends and slopes. In some locations, a secondary roadway intersects the primary roadway within the guardrail’s length-of-need (LON). Some intersections have as little as 15 ft (4.6 m) between the intersection and beginning of the bridge railing, which require short-radius guardrail systems. No short-radius systems have been tested and approved to current impact safety standards for shielding hazards with these conditions.

Site conditions provided by the Nebraska Department of Roads were used to determine the constraints for a new safety treatment for intersecting roadways and include intersection radii, …

Increased Span Length For The Mgs Long-Span Guardrail System, Nicholas A. Weiland

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Long-span guardrail systems have been recognized as an effective means of shielding low-fill culverts while minimizing construction efforts and limiting culvert damage and repair. The current MGS long-span design provided the capability to span unsupported lengths up to 25 ft (7.6 m) without the use of nested guardrail. The excellent performance of the MGS long-span system in full-scale crash tests suggested that longer span lengths may be possible with the current design.

A detailed analysis of the MGS long-span guardrail system was performed using the finite element software program LS-DYNA^®. It was shown that the MGS long-span design …

Measurement And Description Of Dynamics Required For In Vivo Surgical Robotics Via Kinematic Methods, Jacob G. Greenburg

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

With the goal of improved recovery times and reduced trauma to the patient there has been a substantial shift in the medical community’s demand for minimally invasive surgical (MIS) techniques. With the standardization of MIS becoming more commonplace in the medical field there are still many improvements that are desired. Traditional, manual methods of these surgeries require multiple incisions on the abdomen for the tools and instruments to be inserted. The more recent demand has been to localize the incisions into what is being referred to as a Laparoendoscopic Single-Site (LESS) surgery. Furthermore, the manual instruments that are commonly used …

Predicting Vehicle Dynamics For Roadside Safety Using Multibody Systems Simulations, Brett D. Schlueter

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Accurate means for predicting vehicle dynamics is required in the design and testing of roadside safety hardware. Past research has used finite element (FE) modeling to this end, but multibody systems (MBS) modeling may provide a more efficient way to solve these problems. MBS modeling using Adams/Car was investigated by first compiling an introduction to the program, then performing basic vehicle dynamics simulations using a supplied model. Next, a model of a 2270 kg pickup was created and validated against physical test data involving impact with a speed bump. Finally, pickup trajectories in 4H:1V and 6H:1V V-ditches were predicted for …

Design, Analysis And Testing Of Haptic Feedback System For Laparoscopic Graspers In In Vivo Surgical Robots, Nikhil Salvi

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Laparo-Endoscopic Single Site (LESS) Robotics Surgery is an advanced technology in the field of Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS). The LESS surgical robots significantly improve the surgeon’s accuracy, dexterity and visualization, and reduce the invasiveness of surgical procedure results in faster recovery time and improved cosmetic results. In a standard robotic endosurgery, the palpation of tissues is performed by laparoscopic graspers located at the end effectors. The master-slave configuration in robotic surgery leads in remote access to the operation site. Therefore, surgeon’s ability to perceive valuable sensory information is severely diminished. Sensory information such as haptics, which is essential for safe …

Development And Recommendations For A Non-Proprietary, High-Tension, Cable End Terminal System, Ryan J. Terpsma

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Cable guardrail systems have been increasing in popularity in recent years due to several perceived benefits over the commonly used W-beam guardrail. A non-proprietary design was desired as an alternative to the many proprietary designs available. A non-proprietary, high-tension cable end terminal was necessary to accompany the non-proprietary, high-tension cable guardrail system under development.

The objective of this research project was to develop design recommendations for a non-proprietary, high-tension cable end terminal. An analysis of several cable guardrail end terminals was undertaken to identify any common features that may prove to be beneficial or detrimental to end terminal designs. Next, …

Seamless Bridge And Roadway System For The U.S. Practice, Nima Ala

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Expansion joints are one of the main causes for high maintenance costs in bridges. The search for ideal expansion joints has proven fruitless. That is why it has been said that “the best joint is no joint”. A seamless bridge system is envisioned that results in bridges with long service lives by eliminating the joints over the entire length of the bridge, approach slab and a segment of the roadway called transition. All bridge thermal movements are dissipated to zero in the transition. The system is similar to a system developed in Australia but modifications had to be made to …

Fracture Analyses Of Aging Aircraft Structures And Human Aorta, Ananth Ram Mahanth Kasavajhala

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Understanding the behavior of fracture due to preliminary flaws in materials is essential to escalate the life and reliability of a structure. The present work is focused on investigating the influence of various structural parameters on the pre-crack growth stress state, initiation and propagation of flaws in two distinct fields of engineering that is, aging aircraft structural repair (aerospace) and the human aortic dissection (life sciences). Three dimensional finite element methodologies, coupled with linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) formulation was utilized in both the cases.

A model of pre-cracked Al 7075 T6 plate was used to analyze pre- and post- …

A Shock Tube Technique For Blast Wave Simulation And Studies Of Flow Structure Interactions In Shock Tube Blast Experiments, Nicholas N. Kleinschmit

Department of Engineering Mechanics: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Improvised explosive devices (IED’s) are widely used against US and allied forces fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan. Exposure to IED blast may cause blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI). The injury mechanisms are however not well understood. A critical need in bTBI-related research is the ability to replicate the loading conditions of IED blast waves in a laboratory environment. In this work, experimental studies have been carried out to explore the use of the shock tube technique for generating air shock waves that mimic the temporal and spatial characteristics of free-field blast waves and to investigate the blast wave-test sample interactions …

A Concise Model Of 3x7 Wire Rope Used In Cable Guardrail Systems, Cody S. Stolle

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Wire rope is a versatile, flexible, high-strength member that is used in many mechanical systems. However, due to the complexity of wire rope, analytical investigations have been relatively limited. Previous attempts to create simplified models of wire rope were not validated with physical testing and used a cumbersome beam-and-shell or beam-and-solid method for simulating the wire rope. An improved LS-DYNA model of 19-mm diameter 3x7 wire rope commonly used in roadside cable guardrail installations has been developed. A Belytschko-Schwer beam element was selected along with material *MAT_166. Since wire rope displays internal damping due to friction of strands and wires, …