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Articles 1 - 30 of 44
Full-Text Articles in Engineering Science and Materials
Assessing Mechanical Performance Of Dissimilar Steel Systems Made Via Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing, Obed Daniel Acevedo
Assessing Mechanical Performance Of Dissimilar Steel Systems Made Via Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing, Obed Daniel Acevedo
Masters Theses
Hot stamping is part of a specific type of metalworking procedure widely used in the automotive industry. This research seeks to help make hot stamp tooling component production more cost-effective by using large-scale additive manufacturing. Additive manufacturing can produce dissimilar steel components that can be more cost-effective and time-efficient and allow for complex geometries to be made. A dissimilar steel system consisting of 410 martensitic stainless steel and AWS ER70S-6 mild steel is proposed to make hot stamps, making them more cost-efficient. However, the material interface's mechanical behavior in 410SS-mild steel additively manufactured material systems is not well understood. This …
Modeling Of Dislocation Channel Formation And Evolution In Irradiated Metals, Peter James Doyle
Modeling Of Dislocation Channel Formation And Evolution In Irradiated Metals, Peter James Doyle
Masters Theses
Defect-free dislocation channel formation has been reported to promote plastic instability during tensile testing via localized plastic flow, leading to a distinct loss of ductility and strain hardening in many low-temperature irradiated materials. In order to study the underlying mechanisms governing dislocation channel width and formation, the channel formation process is modeled via a simple stochastic dislocation-jog process dependent upon grain size, defect cluster density, and defect size. Dislocations traverse a field of defect clusters and jog stochastically upon defect interaction, forming channels of low defect-density. Based upon prior molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and in-situ experimental transmission electron microscopy (TEM) …
Angle Of Attack Determination Using Inertial Navigation System Data From Flight Tests, Jack Kevin Ly
Angle Of Attack Determination Using Inertial Navigation System Data From Flight Tests, Jack Kevin Ly
Masters Theses
Engineers and pilots rely on mechanical flow angle vanes on air data probes to determine the angle of attack of the aircraft in flight. These probes, however, are costly, come with inherent measurement errors, affect the flight characteristics of the aircraft, and are potentially dangerous in envelope expansion flights. Advances in the accuracy, usability, and affordability of inertial navigation systems allow for angle of attack to be determined accurately without direct measurement of the airflow around the aircraft. Utilizing an algorithm developed from aircraft equations of motion, a post-flight data review is completed as the first step in proving the …
Development Of Lignin Carbon Fiber And Reinforced Composites, Nathan Kieran Meek
Development Of Lignin Carbon Fiber And Reinforced Composites, Nathan Kieran Meek
Masters Theses
The aim of this work is to develop lignin carbon fiber for composite applications. This included mechanical testing of single lignin carbon fiber (LCF), interfacial shear strength determination for LCF-resin systems using single fiber fragmentation, x-ray diffraction for the evaluation of microstructural parameters, and finally composite manufacturing and testing. Through these focused areas of analysis, the carbon fiber is thoroughly characterized and composite performance is evaluated. This effort was a collaboration with the Center for Renewable Carbon (CRC) and the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department. LCF produced by the CRC resulted in fibers having tensile strength of 250-800 MPa and …
Modeling And Experimental Investigation On The Influence Of Radiation Defects On Helium Behavior In Bcc Iron, Zuya Huang
Modeling And Experimental Investigation On The Influence Of Radiation Defects On Helium Behavior In Bcc Iron, Zuya Huang
Masters Theses
Fe-based alloys are important structural materials for both fission and fusion energy. For fusion applications, the challenges of radiation-induced changes in microstructure, properties and performance is further challenged by the concomitant production of helium from (n, alpha) nuclear reactions and fusion reactions. Due to the lack of a volumetric, high flux 14-MeV neutron source, studying these phenomena require the use of computational materials modeling and novel experimental methods. In this thesis, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations was used to investigate the synergistic interactions of helium with prismatic dislocation loops characteristic of those observed in neutron irradiated iron to determine how the …
Phase Dynamics Of Locset Control Methodology, Brendan Neschke
Phase Dynamics Of Locset Control Methodology, Brendan Neschke
Masters Theses
Single-mode fiber amplifiers produce diffraction-limited beams very efficiently. Maximum beam intensity requires that an array of these amplifiers have their beams coherently combined at the target. Optical path differences and noise adversely affect beam quality. An existing closed loop phase control methodology, called the locking of optical coherence by single-detector electronic-frequency tagging (LOCSET), corrects phase errors in real time by electronically detecting path length differences and sending signals to lithium niobate phase adjusters. Broadening the line-width using “jitter” of the input signal can increase the output power of an individual amplifier by suppressing nonlinearity. The system dynamics of LOCSET are …
Impact Of Fuel Rod Coatings On Reactor Performance And Safety, Ian Robert Stewart
Impact Of Fuel Rod Coatings On Reactor Performance And Safety, Ian Robert Stewart
Masters Theses
This study evaluates the use of a ceramic coating on the Zr-alloy cladding within a PWR using four ceramic compounds of 5 and 10 micron thicknesses: ZrO2, TiAlN, Ti2AlC, and Ti3AlC2. The film’s impact is assessed for variation on: reactivity, fuel cycle length, maximum temperature, film’s roughness, and transient conditions. The reactivity is analyzed using the following methods: change in the multiplication factor (k) each film introduces to the system using the ABH method, and Monte Carlo software (MCNP). Both methods are in good agreement, yielding less than half a percent change from a reference, no-film fuel pin. In order …
Radiation-Induced Radicals In Polyurea-Crosslinked Silica Aerogel, Benjamin Michael Walters
Radiation-Induced Radicals In Polyurea-Crosslinked Silica Aerogel, Benjamin Michael Walters
Masters Theses
Free radicals are atoms or molecules with an odd number of electrons in an outer shell. Since electrons typically occur in pairs, this leaves one electron that is unpaired. In seek of another electron to pair with, free radicals react with and steal electrons from neighboring molecules, which then become free radicals themselves. This can start a chain reaction, cascading into large scale damage.
Ionizing radiation can tear through molecules, just as bullets can tear through things that we see. If free radicals can be detected, and seen to increase in a material upon radiation exposure, this can indicate molecular …
Structural Analysis Of The Tablerock Thrust Sheet, Grandfather Mountain Window, Northwestern North Carolina: Emplacement Kinematics Of A Large Horse In A Major Thrust System, Ann Elizabeth Walker
Structural Analysis Of The Tablerock Thrust Sheet, Grandfather Mountain Window, Northwestern North Carolina: Emplacement Kinematics Of A Large Horse In A Major Thrust System, Ann Elizabeth Walker
Masters Theses
The Tablerock thrust sheet is exposed along the southwestern margin of Grandfather Mountain window in northwestern North Carolina, where it separates basement and cover rocks inside the window from basement thrust sheets of the overriding Blue Ridge-Piedmont megathrust sheet. It is a complex of footwall-derived horses of rifted-margin metasedimentary rocks, including Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian Chilhowee Group quartzite and phyllite, and Shady Dolomite. Penetrative deformation throughout the Tablerock thrust sheet is defined by an extensively transposed foliation, and strong colinearity between well developed transport lineations and SE/NW-trending tight, isoclinal, and sheath folds. Centimeter- to meter-scale sheath folds are common throughout …
An Automated Finite Element Analysis Framework For The Probabilistic Evaluation Of Composite Lamina Properties, Jonathan Phillips Weigand
An Automated Finite Element Analysis Framework For The Probabilistic Evaluation Of Composite Lamina Properties, Jonathan Phillips Weigand
Masters Theses
This thesis outlines the development of computational modeling tools used to predict the elastic properties of composite lamina from representative volume elements (RVE) using numerical methods. The homogenization approach involves the use of Gauss’s Theorem to simply the average volumetric strain integral into a surface integral containing which is defined by surface displacements and their direction. Simulations of RVEs under specific loading conditions (longitudinal tension or shear and transverse tension or shear) are then performed in the software package ABAQUS to obtain the surface displacements. It was found that obtaining quality meshes and applying periodic boundary conditions for each RVE …
Validation Of Weak Form Thermal Analysis Algorithms Supporting Thermal Signature Generation, Elton Lewis Freeman
Validation Of Weak Form Thermal Analysis Algorithms Supporting Thermal Signature Generation, Elton Lewis Freeman
Masters Theses
Extremization of a weak form for the continuum energy conservation principle differential equation naturally implements fluid convection and radiation as flux Robin boundary conditions associated with unsteady heat transfer. Combining a spatial semi-discretization via finite element trial space basis functions with time-accurate integration generates a totally node-based algebraic statement for computing. Closure for gray body radiation is a newly derived node-based radiosity formulation generating piecewise discontinuous solutions, while that for natural-forced-mixed convection heat transfer is extracted from the literature. Algorithm performance, mathematically predicted by asymptotic convergence theory, is subsequently validated with data obtained in 24 hour diurnal field experiments for …
A Gps-Based Mobility Power Model For Military Vehicle Applications, George William Bozdech
A Gps-Based Mobility Power Model For Military Vehicle Applications, George William Bozdech
Masters Theses
In recent years, military vehicles have been equipped with hybrid, diesel-electric drives to improve fuel efficiency and stealth capabilities. These vehicles require an accurate estimate of the power duty cycles during distinct operating conditions. To meet this demand, a GPS-based mobility power and duty cycle analysis is one approach to predict the power requirements of on-road and off-road vehicles. The dynamic vehicle parameters needed to estimate the forces developed during locomotion are determined from the GPS tracking data, and these forces include the following: the motion resistance, gravitational, linear inertia, rotational inertia, and aerodynamic drag. The motion resistance force generated …
Development And Analysis Of Onboard Translunar Injection Targeting Algorithms, Phillippe Lyles Winters Reed
Development And Analysis Of Onboard Translunar Injection Targeting Algorithms, Phillippe Lyles Winters Reed
Masters Theses
Several targeting algorithms are developed and analyzed for possible future use onboard a spacecraft. Each targeter is designed to determine the appropriate propulsive burn for translunar injection to obtain desired orbital parameters upon arrival at the moon. Primary design objectives are to minimize the computational requirements for each algorithm but also to ensure reasonable accuracy, so that the algorithm’s errors do not force the craft to conduct large mid-course corrections. Several levels of accuracy for dynamical models are explored, the convergence range and speed of each algorithm are compared, and the possible benefits of the Broyden and trust-region targeters are …
Radiation-Curable Adhesives For Wood Composites, Timothy H. Starr
Radiation-Curable Adhesives For Wood Composites, Timothy H. Starr
Masters Theses
Wood composites are widely used in construction applications because of their superior dimensional and structural attributes over raw wood products. However, current wood composite manufacturing practices, which rely on thermal-curing of adhesives, are expensive, energy intensive, time consuming and are prone to manufacturing defects. Use of radiation curable adhesives (RCAs) could potentially answer all of these issues. Specifically, use of electron-beam (e-beam) radiation has been increasing in areas of research and industry where rapid, low-temperature polymerization is required and low energy consumption is desired. For e-beams to be used in wood composites, however, it must be determined whether or not …
Effect Of Moisture Absorption On The Sinter Quality Of Central Solenoid (Cs) Coil Pack, Zeshaan Sher Mohammed
Effect Of Moisture Absorption On The Sinter Quality Of Central Solenoid (Cs) Coil Pack, Zeshaan Sher Mohammed
Masters Theses
Fusion energy has been said to be the solution to all the world’s energy problems. The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) is the flagship project to demonstrate the feasibility of fusion energy. The Central Solenoid (CS), an important component of the reactor, is needed to induce plasma current, initiate, ramp-up, ramp-down, and sustain plasma in a very controlled manner. In order to achieve this, the CS coil packs must be manufactured under controlled conditions. The CS conductor is an advanced cable-in-conduit Nb3Sn superconductor. The CS cable will be made in long continuous sections but with thousands of meter of cable …
Methods For Characterizing Mechanical Properties Of Wood Cell Walls Via Nanoindentation, Yujie Meng
Methods For Characterizing Mechanical Properties Of Wood Cell Walls Via Nanoindentation, Yujie Meng
Masters Theses
Nanoindentation is a method of contacting a material whose mechanical properties are unknown with another material whose properties are known. Nanoindentation has the advantage of being able to probe a material’s microstructure while being sensitive enough to detect variations in mechanical properties. However, nanoindentation has some limitations as a testing technique due to the specific formation and structure of some biomaterials. The main objective of this research is to identify any factors that influence the nanoindentation measurement of wood cell walls (a typical biomaterial).
The function of the embedding media in describing the properties of wood cells is poorly understood. …
Nonlinear Acoustics Of Piston-Driven Gas-Column Oscillations, Andrew William Wilson
Nonlinear Acoustics Of Piston-Driven Gas-Column Oscillations, Andrew William Wilson
Masters Theses
The piston-driven oscillator is traditionally modeled by directly applying boundary conditions to the acoustic wave equations; with better models re-deriving the wave equations but retaining nonlinear and viscous effects. These better models are required as the acoustic solution exhibits singularity near the natural frequencies of the cavity, with an unbounded (and therefore unphysical) solution. Recently, a technique has been developed to model general pressure oscillations in propulsion systems and combustion devices. Here, it is shown that this technique applies equally well to the piston-driven gas-column oscillator; and that the piston experiment provides strong evidence for the validity of the general …
Wetting Behavior Of Polymer Melts With Refractory Coatings At High Temperature, Robin Woracek
Wetting Behavior Of Polymer Melts With Refractory Coatings At High Temperature, Robin Woracek
Masters Theses
Within the scope of this thesis, an experimental system has been designed, developed and manufactured for the determination of the wetting behavior of liquids and polymer melts with solid surfaces (coated and uncoated) at high temperatures (> 200 ºC). The measurement system incorporates a modified Wilhelmy plate technique, using a precision weighing module, a vertical linear stage, custom developed application software using LabView with suitable hardware and a high temperature furnace with thermocouple feedback control. Experiments have been performed and are reported to evaluate the performance of the testing system, using liquids of known wetting properties. A suitable testing procedure …
High Resolution X-Ray Tomography Of Fiber Reinforced Polymeric Composites, Stephen Andrew Young
High Resolution X-Ray Tomography Of Fiber Reinforced Polymeric Composites, Stephen Andrew Young
Masters Theses
A high resolution x-ray tomography system was used to study chopped fiber polymeric composites made of polypropylene resin, nickel coated carbon fiber and Eglass fiber. Procedures are developed to obtain micro-structured features of importance. In-situ tensile testing system was developed and integrated into the existing hardware for tomography equipment to study the evolution of damage and micro-structural features as a function of mechanical stress. High resolution x-ray tomographic images of glass fiber were collected and viewed on a micron scale. The radiographs were reconstructed to visualize the fiber content of the samples in three dimensional volume. In addition, glass fiber …
A Study Of Irrigation, Fertigation And Plasticulture In Burley Tobacco, With A Focus On Yield, Quality And Tsna Reduction, Eric F. Caldwell
A Study Of Irrigation, Fertigation And Plasticulture In Burley Tobacco, With A Focus On Yield, Quality And Tsna Reduction, Eric F. Caldwell
Masters Theses
Nitrogen fertilization is important in attaining high yielding, quality tobacco. However, practices that use excessive N can be uneconomical, threaten the environment and produce leaves that are high in nitrates. Leaves high in nitrates have been positively correlated with leaves that are high in tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNA), which are considered potent carcinogens. Competition from cheaper, foreign leaf, increasing costs of fertilizers and new market structures which show purchasers seeking low TSNA leaf demand that producers become more efficient in their N use. The objective of this study is an examination of burley (TN 90) and dark (KY 171) tobacco …
Vascular Hemodynamics Cfd Modeling, Shashank Kiran Karra
Vascular Hemodynamics Cfd Modeling, Shashank Kiran Karra
Masters Theses
Three dimensional pulsatile blood flow CFD simulations in geometrically genuine normal and non-normal (aneurysm) human neck-head vascular systems nominally spanning the aortic arch to the circle of Willis has been performed and studied. CT scans of the human aortic arch and the carotid arteries were interpreted to obtain geometric data defining the boundary for a vascular CFD simulation. This was accomplished by reconstructing the surface from the anatomical slices and by imposing pertinent boundary conditions at the various artery termini. Following automated formation of a non-conformal CFD mesh, steady and unsteady laminar and low turbulent simulations were performed both for …
A Study Of Material Properties And Relevant Microstructure Parameters That May Influence The V50 Ballistic Limit Velocity Of Composite Ceramics, Adolphus Mcdonald
A Study Of Material Properties And Relevant Microstructure Parameters That May Influence The V50 Ballistic Limit Velocity Of Composite Ceramics, Adolphus Mcdonald
Masters Theses
The purpose of this research is to evaluate, compare, and correlate the microstructure and mechanical properties of a selected group of ceramic armor samples to the V50 ballistic limit velocity. This study is to identify any relation between the desired material properties and the relevant microstructure parameters that significantly influence the ballistic limit velocity. The ceramic materials, silicon carbide and boron carbide, were produced and provided by five foreign companies. These companies were under contract by the United States Army, Research, Development, and Engineering Command to provide ceramic armor for comparative testing and material evaluation.
Ballistic testing was carried …
Comparative Properties Of Polymers Guiding The Development Of An Abdominal Aorta Model, Benjamin Michael Lamie
Comparative Properties Of Polymers Guiding The Development Of An Abdominal Aorta Model, Benjamin Michael Lamie
Masters Theses
Hemodynamics, the study of the forces involved in the circulation of blood, is an area that researchers have approached in various manners for many years. The study of how blood flows through arteries and veins as well as the effect of the composition of the blood has been defined and thoroughly characterized in past studies. Although in-depth studies have been performed on the flow characteristics of blood, most often the observations are made as the fluid flows through tubes composed of some rigid material. It is well known that the arteries and veins have a layered histology that show varying …
A Computational Model To Predict In Vivo Kinetics In Implanted And Non-Implanted Shoulders, Matthew Brennon-Kyle Kubo
A Computational Model To Predict In Vivo Kinetics In Implanted And Non-Implanted Shoulders, Matthew Brennon-Kyle Kubo
Masters Theses
The purpose of this study was to develop and implement a computational model designed to input in vivo kinematic and predict in vivo forces and torques for the shoulder, elbow, and wrist in normal, rotator cuff-deficient (RCD), reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) and total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) shoulder subjects. Twenty subjects, divided evenly amongst the four shoulder types, performed a box-lift activity while under fluoroscopic surveillance. Three dimensional (3D) in vivo kinematics was determined for the subjects using implant models and bone models created from CT (computed tomography) scans in a 2D-to-3D registration process. The kinematics were used as input for …
Real-Time Monitoring And Quantification Of Drug Induced Changes In Endothelial Cytoskeleton Filaments Using A Cellular Impedance Biosensor, Vijay Nandakumar
Real-Time Monitoring And Quantification Of Drug Induced Changes In Endothelial Cytoskeleton Filaments Using A Cellular Impedance Biosensor, Vijay Nandakumar
Masters Theses
The analysis of electrical signals originating from biological cells and tissues have yielded a large amount of useful information over the past years. Technologies have been developed, wherein we can monitor the health of the biological material of interest using these electrical signals. Instruments for the study of living cells have historically been of significant importance for such things as basic neuroscience, cell biology, pharmaceutical screening, environmental monitoring, and toxin detection. One of the practical realizations of these methods was successfully implemented by Giaver and Keese with their Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) system. The purpose of this Masters Thesis …
Determination And Comparison Of In Vivo Forces And Torques In Normal And Degenerative Lumbar Spines, Shaun Kevin Stinton
Determination And Comparison Of In Vivo Forces And Torques In Normal And Degenerative Lumbar Spines, Shaun Kevin Stinton
Masters Theses
In vivo motions of normal and degenerative lumbar spine patients performing extension/flexion were obtained using video fluoroscopy. 3-D models of each patient’s vertebrae were registered to the 2-D fluoroscopy images using a process developed at Rocky Mountain Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory. Temporal equations representing the motions were input into a math model and the forces at the contact point between vertebral levels and the body torques between the vertebrae were the output. The vertical forces in the normal and degenerative patients were similar and ranged from 0.35-0.42 times the body weight of the patient. The maximum torques were higher in the …
Correlation Of Wear And Mechanics For Subjects Having A Metal-On-Polyethylene Total Hip Arthroplasty Measured In Vivo, Katherine Suzanne Alford
Correlation Of Wear And Mechanics For Subjects Having A Metal-On-Polyethylene Total Hip Arthroplasty Measured In Vivo, Katherine Suzanne Alford
Masters Theses
Femoral head separation from the acetabular shell has been recorded, but clinical significance of this phenomenon has not yet been established. The objective of the study was to determine if there is a correlation between femoral head separation (sliding of the femoral head away from the acetabular cup), hip joint forces, and acetabular liner wear. Twenty subjects were strategically selected to participate in this study. All subjects were asked to perform gait on a treadmill while under fluoroscopic surveillance. The number of incidences involving femoral head separation was tallied and acetabular bearing surface forces were determined for each subject. A …
A Method To Calculate The Femoro-Polyethylene Contact Pressures In Total Knee Arthroplasty In-Vivo, Adrija Sharma
A Method To Calculate The Femoro-Polyethylene Contact Pressures In Total Knee Arthroplasty In-Vivo, Adrija Sharma
Masters Theses
This study deals with the development of a computational method that generates the in-vivo contact pressures on the superior side of the polyethylene in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) based on in-vivo kinematic data. Ten clinically successful subjects (five fixed and five mobile bearing TKA), having Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee scores greater than 90, were analyzed under fluoroscopic surveillance while performing a weight-bearing deep knee bend. 3D in-vivo contact positions and kinematics, determined using a 2D to 3D registration technique, and soft tissue locations derived from literature were entered into a 3D inverse dynamics mathematical model to determine the …
Assessments Of Vibratory Handheld Tools And Handle Interactions, Douglas Alan Logsdon
Assessments Of Vibratory Handheld Tools And Handle Interactions, Douglas Alan Logsdon
Masters Theses
There has been a broad history of injuries occurring as the result of vibratory hand-tool use. Following these findings, three human safety standards have been proposed. These standards declare that the dynamic properties with respect to acceleration frequency spectra must be determined for vibratory hand tools. These properties must meet specific tolerances in order to be considered acceptable for use.
The standards, however, do not recognize the significance of the coupling characteristics and the energy transfer between the user and vibrating handle. This interaction reveals the amount of vibratory energy that enters the user's hands. Epidemiological data for VWF shows …
Synthesis And Analysis Of Anionic Hydrogel Scaffolds For Endothelial Cell Tissue Engineering, Abitha Sundararajan
Synthesis And Analysis Of Anionic Hydrogel Scaffolds For Endothelial Cell Tissue Engineering, Abitha Sundararajan
Masters Theses
Acidic hydrogels are cross-linked polymer networks that contain neutral and negatively charged monomers. The degree of negative charge on these soft materials plays a critical role in their biomedical applications. In particular, their use as a scaffold for cardiovascular applications depends on their charged and swollen states. The amount of negative charge, however, is a complicated function of the fabrication conditions, monomeric dissociation constants, ionic strengths and pH of the surround bath solution. This study, therefore, considered four representative acidic hydrogels and their physical properties and interactions with endothelial cells. The acidic monomers methacrylic acid (MAAc) and sulfoethylmethacrylate (SEMA) were …