Computer Engineering Commons^™

Wsn Clustering Routing Protocol For Bridge Structure Health Monitoring, Li Gang, Caixia Zhang, Shaolin Hu, Xiangdong Wang, Guo Jing

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In the specific application of bridge structure health monitoring (BSHM), clustering based only on the geographic location of nodes or using a single-hop strategy to complete inter-cluster routing may cause the unstability of the entire wireless sensor networks(WSN). For WSN in BSHM scenario, the concept of "energy distribution" is proposed, and an energy balance clustering routing protocol energy balance protocol(EBP) is designed. The second clustering, the high-energy areas in WSN bear more energy consumption, and a multi hop strategy based on region division is designed to control the number of forwarding hops. The simulation results show that, compared with …

Spectrum Sensing With Energy Detection In Multiple Alternating Time Slots, Călin Vlădeanu, Alexandru Marţian, Dimitrie C. Popescu

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Energy detection (ED) represents a low complexity approach used by secondary users (SU) to sense spectrum occupancy by primary users (PU) in cognitive radio (CR) systems. In this paper, we present a new algorithm that senses the spectrum occupancy by performing ED in K consecutive sensing time slots starting from the current slot and continuing by alternating before and after the current slot. We consider a PU traffic model specified in terms of an average duty cycle value, and derive analytical expressions for the false alarm probability (FAP) and correct detection probability (CDP) for any value of K . Our …

Fft Enabled Ecc For Wsn Nodes Without Hardware Multiplier Support, Utku Gülen, Selçuk Baktir

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

ECC is a popular cryptographic algorithm for key distribution in wireless sensor networks where power efficiency is desirable. A power efficient implementation of ECC without using hardware multiplier support was proposed earlier for wireless sensor nodes. The proposed implementation utilized the number theoretic transform to carry operands to the frequency domain, and conducted Montgomery multiplication, in addition to other finite field operations, in that domain. With this work, we perform in the frequency domain only polynomial multiplication and use the fast Fourier transform to carry operands between the time and frequency domains. Our ECC implementation over $GF((2^{13}-1)^{13})$ on the MSP430 …

Distributed Wireless Sensor Node Localization Based On Penguin Searchoptimization, Md Al Shayokh, Soo Young Shin

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become popular for sensing areas-of-interest and performing assigned tasks based on information on the location of sensor devices. Localization in WSNs is aimed at designating distinct geographical information to the inordinate nodes within a search area. Biologically inspired algorithms are being applied extensively in WSN localization to determine inordinate nodes more precisely while consuming minimal computation time. An optimization algorithm belonging to the metaheuristic class and named penguin search optimization (PeSOA) is presented in this paper. It utilizes the hunting approaches in a collaborative manner to determine the inordinate nodes within an area of interest. …

Internet Of Things Data Compression Based On Successive Data Grouping, Samer Sawalha, Ghazi Al-Naymat

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Internet of things (IoT) is a useful technology in different aspects, and it is widely used in many applications; however, this technology faces some major challenges which need to be solved, such as data management and energy saving. Sensors generate a huge amount of data that need to be transferred to other IoT layers in an efficient way to save the energy of the sensor because most of the energy is consumed in the data transmission process. Sensors usually use batteries to operate; thus, saving energy is very important because of the difficulty of replacing batteries of widely distributed sensors. …

Clustered Mobile Data Collection In Wsns: An Energy-Delay Trade-Of, İzzet Fati̇h Şentürk

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Wireless sensor networks enable monitoring remote areas with limited human intervention. However, the network connectivity between sensor nodes and the base station (BS) may not be always possible due to the limited transmission range of the nodes. In such a case, one or more mobile data collectors (MDCs) can be employed to visit nodes for data collection. If multiple MDCs are available, it is desirable to minimize the energy cost of mobility while distributing the cost among the MDCs in a fair manner. Despite availability of various clustering algorithms, there is no single fits all clustering solution when different requirements …

Energy-Efficient Virtual Infrastructure Based Geo-Nested Routing Protocol Forwireless Sensor Networks, Baranidharan Varadharajan, Sivaradje Gopalakrishnan, Kiruthiga Varadharajan, Karthikeyan Mani, Sathishkumar Kutralingam

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

The wireless sensor networks (WSN) are comprised of hundreds to thousands of compact and battery-operated sensor nodes. The deployed sensor nodes are widely used to sense the physical changes in the environment,which collect, aggregate, and transmit the information as data packets or static sink or monitoring station. Thedata transmission is very challenging under some extreme environments and applications. The efficient way of datatransmission is achieved by designing an energy-efficient routing protocol. The position of the sink nodes is broadcasted periodically to all other sensor nodes to forward the sensed data to the monitoring system or sink. The frequentbroadcasting of the …

A Geodesic Deployment And Radial Shaped Clustering (Rsc) Algorithm Withstatistical Aggregation In Sensor Networks, Lalitha Krishnasamy, Thangarajan Ramasamy, Rajesh Kumar Dhanaraj, Poongodi Chinnasamy

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) comprise a large number of connected tiny or small sensor devices to sense physical phenomenon. In WSN, prolonging the network's lifetime is a biggest challenge due to absence of power harvesting facility and irreplaceable batteries of the sensor devices. Clustering is one of the widely accepted and standard technique to solve the energy issues faced in WSN. In addition to clustering, the shape of the deployment area also plays the major role especially for large scale sensor deployment. This paper proposes a radial shaped clustering (RSC) algorithm with angular inclination routing. The radial shaped deployed area …

Improved Apit Localization Algorithm Based On Wireless Sensor Network, Wu Dong, Zhicheng Ji, Zhang Biao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To address the problems of Approximate Point-In-Triangulation Test (APIT) algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network requiring high anchor node density, Out-To-In or In-To-Out error judgment, nodes failure and so on, an improved APIT localization algorithm based on Wireless Sensor Network was proposed. The method based on directional searched node and combined with RSSI ranging calculation by Gaussian fitting method was used to deal with error judgment. Besides, a geometrical method was used to process the failure nodes. The simulation results show that the improved localization algorithm performs greatly better, both in positioning accuracy and number of error judgment, than the …

Improved Dv-Hop Localization Algorithm Based On Average Hopping Distance And Position Optimization, Zhipu Zhao, Wu Dong, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To overcome the low positioning accuracy caused by the imprecise estimated distance and the accumulative location error, an improved DV-Hop localization algorithm based on Wireless Sensor Network was proposed. This method, taking the summation of the beacon node average jump distance based on the weighted error correction as its average distance, was used to reduce the average jump distance error. Besides, an improved least square method was used to process the accumulative location error. The simulation results show that the improved localization algorithm performs greatly better, both in distance estimation and positioning accuracy, than the traditional DV-Hop localization algorithm, …

Study On Secrecy Capacity Of Wireless Sensor Networks Based On Amplify-And-Forward Compressed Sensing Scheme, Jianlan Guo, Yuqiang Chen, Yijun Liu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Due to the limitation of wireless sensor nodes on computation, power energy and storage space, the security issue has become a prevalent concern in the wireless communication. A deep insight on the secrecy capacity of wireless sensor network based on the Amplify-and-Forward (AF) compressed sensing scheme was offered providing a corresponding calculable capacity threshold. Moreover, a feasible algorithm based on augmented Lagrange method for the reconstruction of communication signals was proposed. Furthermore, the impact of the secrecy capacity was discussed to various numbers of active sensor nodes, relay nodes and eavesdropper nodes. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the …

Cooperative Relay Selection For Load Balancing With Mobility In Hierarchical Wsns: A Multi-Armed Bandit Approach, Jian Zhang, Jian Tang, Feng Wang

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2013 IEEE. Energy efficiency is the major concern in hierarchical wireless sensor networks(WSNs), where the major energy consumption originates from radios for communication. Due to notable energy expenditure of long-range transmission for cluster members and data aggregation for Cluster Head (CH), saving and balancing energy consumption is a tricky challenge in WSNs. In this paper, we design a CH selection mechanism with a mobile sink (MS) while proposing relay selection algorithms with multi-user multi-armed bandit (UM-MAB) to solve the problem of energy efficiency. According to the definition of node density and residual energy, we propose a conception referred to …

Formation Of A Wireless Sensor Network Using Custom-Designed Sensors Having Lowpower And Low Cost Components, Veysel Yaman Akgün, Engi̇n Maşazade

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In this paper, we first design a sensor with low power and low cost components, namely an MSP430G2553 microcontroller (MCU), nRF24L01+ communication unit, and a light-dependent resistor (LDR). Then, connecting these custom-designed sensors with a central node, a fusion center (FC), we form a wireless sensor network (WSN) in which sensors measure light intensities and send their measurements to the FC for final inference. Since the default addressing structure of nRF24L01+ can simultaneously connect up to 6 devices, in order to have more connections, we define a new addressing scheme for the transmissions between sensors and the FC. Finally, as …

Improving Performance Of Indoor Localization Using Compressive Sensing Andnormal Hedge Algorithm, Saeid Hassanhosseini, Mohammad Reza Taban, Jamshid Abouei, Arash Mohammadi

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Accurate indoor localization technologies are currently in high demand in wireless sensor networks, which strongly drive the development of various wireless applications including healthcare monitoring, patient tracking and endoscopic capsule localization. The precise position determination requires exact estimation of the time varying characteristics of wireless channels. In this paper, we address this issue and propose a three-phased scheme, which employs an optimal single stage TDOA/FDOA/AOA indoor localization based on spatial sparsity. The first contribution is to formulate the received unknown signals from the emitter as a compressive sensing problem. Then, we solve an $\ell_1$ minimization problem to localize the emitter's …

Image Subset Communication For Resource-Constrained Applications In Wirelesssensor Networks, Sajid Nazir, Omar Alzubi, Mohammad Kaleem, Hassan Hamdoun

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

JPEG is the most widely used image compression standard for sensing, medical, and security applications. JPEG provides a high degree of compression but field devices relying on battery power must further economize on data transmissions to prolong deployment duration with particular use cases in wireless sensor networks. Transmitting a subset of image data could potentially enhance the battery life of power-constrained devices and also meet the application requirements to identify the objects within an image. Depending on an application's needs, after the first selected subset is received at the base station, further transmissions of the image data for successive refinements …

Tapu: Test And Pick Up-Based $K$-Connectivity Restoration Algorithm For Wireless Sensor Networks, Vahi̇d Khali̇lpour Akram, Orhan Dağdevi̇ren

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

A $k$-connected wireless sensor network remains connected if any $k$-1 arbitrary nodes stop working. The aim of movement-assisted $k$-connectivity restoration is to preserve the $k$-connectivity of a network by moving the nodes to the necessary positions after possible failures in nodes. This paper proposes an algorithm named TAPU for $k$-connectivity restoration that guarantees the optimal movement cost. Our algorithm improves the time and space complexities of the previous approach (MCCR) in both best and worst cases. In the proposed algorithm, the nodes are classified into safe and unsafe groups. Failures of safe nodes do not change the $k$ value of …

A Smart Wireless Sensor Network Node For Fire Detection, Wajahat Khalid, Asma Sattar, Muhammad Ali Qureshi, Asjad Amin, Mobeen Ahmed Malik, Kashif Hussain

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Fires generally occur due to human carelessness and the change in environmental conditions. The uncontrolled fire results in death incidents of humans and animals as well as severe threats to the ecosystem. The preservation of the natural environment is important. The wireless sensor networks, widely used in different monitoring applications, is used in this work. For fire detection, we use flame, smoke, temperature, humidity, and light intensity sensors in our proposed network node which is low-cost, reduced-size, and power-efficient. The experiments are performed in a well-controlled real-time environment. The proposed node transmits the sensed data to the central node. The …

On The Performance Of Quick Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm For Dynamic Deployment Of Wireless Sensor Networks, Beyza Gorkemli, Zahraa Al-Dulaimi

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In recent years, the use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has increased and there have been significant improvements in this field. Especially with smarter, cheaper, and smaller sensor nodes, various kinds of information can be detected and collected in different environments and under different conditions. WSNs have thus been used in many applications such as military, surveillance, target tracking, home, medical, and environmental applications. As the popularity of WSNs increases, problems related to these networks are being realized. The dynamic deployment problem is one of the main challenges that have a direct effect on the performance of WSNs. In this …

A Light-Weight Solution For Blackhole Attacks In Wireless Sensor Networks, Bi̇lal Erman Bi̇lgi̇n, Selçuk Baktir

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Wireless sensors, which are smaller and cheaper, have started being used in many different applications. Military applications, health care and industrial monitoring, environmental applications, smart grids, and vehicular ad-hoc networks are some of the best known applications of wireless sensors. In some applications, especially military, environmental, and health care applications, it is required that the communication between sensor nodes be encrypted to achieve privacy and confidentiality. In this work, some modifications have been made to the ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocol, mostly preferred in wireless sensor networks, to make data communications more reliable. The proposed routing protocol is shown …

Increasing Bluetooth Low Energy Communication Efficiency By Presetting Protocol Parameters, Dusan Hatvani, Dominik Macko

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Standard protocols are important regarding the compatibility of devices provided by different vendors. However, specific applications have various requirements and do not always need all features offered by standard protocols, making them inefficient. This paper focuses on standard Bluetooth Low Energy modifications, reducing control overhead for the intended healthcare application. Specifically, the connection establishment, device pairing, and connection parameter negotiations have been targeted. The simulation-based experiments showed over 20 times reduction of control-overhead time preceding a data transmission. It does not just directly increase the energy efficiency of communication; it also prolongs the time for sensor-based end devices to spend …

Enabling Space Time Division Multiple Access In Ietf 6tisch Protocol, Sedat Görmüş, Sercan Külcü

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

IETF 6TiSCH standard aims to create reliable, deterministic, and low-power networks by scheduling bandwidth resources in time and frequency domains. The main emphasis of 6TiSCH protocol is that it creates Internet of things (IoT) networks with a deterministic and controllable delay. However, many of its benefits are tied to the ability of the 6TiSCH scheduler to optimally distribute radio resources among wireless nodes which may not be possible when the number of frequency resources are limited and several other wireless technologies share the same frequency band (e.g., WiFi, Bluetooth and IEEE 802.15.4). Here the integration of a low-complexity directional antenna …

Implementation Of The Aodv Routing In An Energy-Constrained Mesh Network, Altin Zejnullahu, Zhilbert Tafa

International Journal of Business and Technology

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) compose the fundamental platform for a number of Internet of Things (IoT) applications, especially those related to the environmental, health, and military surveillance. While being autonomous in power supply, the main challenge in node’s processing and communication architecture design remains the energy efficiency. However, this goal should not limit the main functionality of the system which is often related to the network coverage and connectivity.

This paper shows the implementation of the Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing algorithm in an XBee based platform. As shown, the network can achieve low power consumption per node primarily …

Wireless Sensor Networks For Smart Communications, Mu Zhou, Qilian Liang, Hongyi Wu, Weixiao Meng, Kunjie Xu

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

(First paragraph) In the first edition of the special issue titled “Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart Communications”, a total of 22 manuscripts were received and 6 of these were accepted. This issue demonstrated that network congestion, user mobility, and adjacent spectrum interference are the main reasons for the degradation ofcommunication quality inWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs).

Compact Hardware Implementation Of A Sha-3 Core For Wireless Body Sensor Networks, Yi Yang, Debiao He, Neeraj Kumar, Sherali Zeadally

Information Science Faculty Publications

One of the most important Internet of Things applications is the wireless body sensor network (WBSN), which can provide universal health care, disease prevention, and control. Due to large deployments of small scale smart sensors in WBSNs, security, and privacy guarantees (e.g., security and safety-critical data, sensitive private information) are becoming a challenging issue because these sensor nodes communicate using an open channel, i.e., Internet. We implement data integrity (to resist against malicious tampering) using the secure hash algorithm 3 (SHA-3) when smart sensors in WBSNs communicate with each other using the Internet. Due to the limited resources (i.e., storage, …

Multiuser Coding And Signal Processing In A Low Power Sensor Network, Dongqi Lai

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Backscatter communication system is a wireless communication system that is used by both academic community and industry circles in recent years. This communication system only requires ultra-low power usage and simple design of the sensors. This project is using backscatter communication system to transmit data with backscatter tags. The method we used is semi-passive backscatter communication. This project focuses on transmitting signals with multiple sensors so there is a problem about distinguishing the signal reflected by different nodes. We modulated the transmitting digital signal with Walsh function to solve the problem of separating the signals between different nodes. By using …

Qtsac: An Energy-Efficient Mac Protocol For Delay Minimization In Wireless Sensor Networks, Yuxin Liu, Kaoru Ota, Kuan Zhang, Ming Ma, Naixue Xiong, Anfeng Liu, Jun Long

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Millions of sensors are deployed to monitor the smart grid. They consume huge amounts of energy in the communication infrastructure. Therefore, the establishment of an energy-efficient medium access control (MAC) protocol for sensor nodes is challenging and urgently needed. The Quorum-based MAC protocol independently and adaptively schedules nodes’ wake-up times and decreases idle listening and collisions, thereby increasing the network throughput and extending the network lifetime. A novel Quorum time slot adaptive condensing (QTSAC)-based MAC protocol is proposed for achieving delay minimization and energy efficiency for the wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Compared to previous protocols, the QTSAC-based MAC protocol has …

The Impact Of Transmission Power Levels Set Size On Lifetime Of Wireless Sensor Networks In Smart Grids, Hüseyi̇n Uğur Yildiz

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been confirmed as one of the most promising technologies for many smart grid (SG) applications due to their low complexity and inexpensive costs. A typical WSN is formed with numerous battery limited sensor nodes mounted on critical components of a SG system for monitoring applications. Acquired monitoring data by sensor nodes are conveyed to the base station generally by using multihop communication techniques. WSN-based SG applications encounter severe propagation losses due to extreme channel conditions of the SG environment. In order to reduce possible packet errors caused by channel variations, transmission power control approaches can …

Path Planning And Energy Flow Control Of Wireless Power Transfer For Sensor Nodes In Wireless Sensor Networks, Chenyang Xia, Yang Zhang, Yuling Liu, Kezhang Lin, Jun Chen

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), limited-capacity batteries are generally used for powering sensor nodes, where unbalanced electricity is the primary cause of premature death of WSNs. In this paper, wireless power transfer networks are used to power batteries in WSNs to avoid the problem of limited lifetime of traditional limited-capacity batteries. Furthermore, path planning based on the Dijkstra algorithm, which aims at minimizing the overall energy consumption in the network to improve system efficiency, is discussed in detail. Finally, three power transfer models with low contention level (LCL) topology for energy flow control are experimentally validated from the optimal path.

Energy-Efficient And Reliable Data Collection In Wireless Sensor Networks, Deepa Puneeth, Nishanth Joshi, Pradeep Kumar Atrey, Muralidhar Kulkarni

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Ensuring energy efficiency, data reliability, and security is important in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A combination of variants from the cryptographic secret sharing technique and the disjoint multipath routing scheme is an effective strategy to address these requirements. Although Shamir's secret sharing (SSS) provides the desired reliability and information-theoretic security, it is not energy efficient. Alternatively, Shamir's ramp secret sharing (SRSS) provides energy efficiency and data reliability, but is only computationally secure. We argue that both these approaches may suffer from a compromised node (CN) attack when a minimum number of nodes is compromised. Hence, we propose a new scheme …

Indoor Localization Of Wireless Emitter Using Direct Position Determination And Particle Swarm Optimization, Saeid Hassanhosseini, Mohammad Reza Taban, Jamshid Abouei

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Many methods are introduced to accomplish determining the position of emitters with respect to known-position receivers in indoor localizations. Among them, the direct position determination (DPD) approach advocates using the received signals by all the base stations together in order to estimate the locations in a single step. However, DPD is not very accurate due to the use of a gridding area, the effect of noise, and the multipath phenomenon. In order to improve the DPD performance, we derive an analytic model based on weighted least square estimation that uses simultaneously the effect of delay, Doppler, attenuation, and angle of …