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Articles 1 - 30 of 37
Full-Text Articles in Civil Engineering
Design And Construction Process Management, David Brown
Design And Construction Process Management, David Brown
David C. Brown
New approaches for improving design and construction processes have been used recently. Innovative methods for managing the requirements and quality of these processes will be discussed. A systematic data centric approach will be discussed as well as the processes of separating progress from performance. It discusses the integration of these processes in the planning, risk analysis, design, submission, construction, inspection, quality control and documentation phases.
Experimental Validation Of Multistep Quantitative Crack Damage Assessment For Truss Structures By Finite Element Model Updating, Soon Lee, Gunjin Yun, Mohammad Rahimi, Shen Shang
Experimental Validation Of Multistep Quantitative Crack Damage Assessment For Truss Structures By Finite Element Model Updating, Soon Lee, Gunjin Yun, Mohammad Rahimi, Shen Shang
Gunjin Yun
In this paper, a multistep damage quantification method has been experimentally validated by quantifying crack damage of load-carrying members of truss structures based on experimental vibration records. Damage quantifications are still challenging tasks for difficulties in interpreting response signals measured from engineering structures. Open crack depth is parameterized as a damage variable. The open crack in Euler–Bernoulli beam element is modeled by introducing local flexibility coefficients to the uncracked beam element with joint rotational flexibility. Mode shapes and natural frequencies measured from experimental modal testing of a damaged laboratory-size truss bridge are used in the finite element model updating for …
An Adaptive Level Set Approach For Modeling Damage Due To Galvanic Corrosion, Joseph Wilder, Curtis Clemons, Dmitry Golovaty, Kevin Kreider, Gerald Young, R. Lillard
An Adaptive Level Set Approach For Modeling Damage Due To Galvanic Corrosion, Joseph Wilder, Curtis Clemons, Dmitry Golovaty, Kevin Kreider, Gerald Young, R. Lillard
Gerald W Young
This article presents an approach to solving problems related to galvanic corrosion that involve moving boundaries (due to preferential corrosion of one of the metals in the system). The method incorporates an adaptive (node based, finite difference) grid technique for the treatment of boundary-related singularities that arise in the calculation of the electric potential. Simulation of the time evolution of the damage done by the corroding interface is performed using of a level set formulation. An analysis of the convergence of the method and a comparison with experimental data from the literature are included.
An Adaptive Level Set Approach For Modeling Damage Due To Galvanic Corrosion, Joseph Wilder, Curtis Clemons, Dmitry Golovaty, Kevin Kreider, Gerald Young, R. Lillard
An Adaptive Level Set Approach For Modeling Damage Due To Galvanic Corrosion, Joseph Wilder, Curtis Clemons, Dmitry Golovaty, Kevin Kreider, Gerald Young, R. Lillard
Kevin L. Kreider
This article presents an approach to solving problems related to galvanic corrosion that involve moving boundaries (due to preferential corrosion of one of the metals in the system). The method incorporates an adaptive (node based, finite difference) grid technique for the treatment of boundary-related singularities that arise in the calculation of the electric potential. Simulation of the time evolution of the damage done by the corroding interface is performed using of a level set formulation. An analysis of the convergence of the method and a comparison with experimental data from the literature are included.
An Adaptive Level Set Approach For Modeling Damage Due To Galvanic Corrosion, Joseph Wilder, Curtis Clemons, Dmitry Golovaty, Kevin Kreider, Gerald Young, R. Lillard
An Adaptive Level Set Approach For Modeling Damage Due To Galvanic Corrosion, Joseph Wilder, Curtis Clemons, Dmitry Golovaty, Kevin Kreider, Gerald Young, R. Lillard
Curtis B. Clemons
This article presents an approach to solving problems related to galvanic corrosion that involve moving boundaries (due to preferential corrosion of one of the metals in the system). The method incorporates an adaptive (node based, finite difference) grid technique for the treatment of boundary-related singularities that arise in the calculation of the electric potential. Simulation of the time evolution of the damage done by the corroding interface is performed using of a level set formulation. An analysis of the convergence of the method and a comparison with experimental data from the literature are included.
Progressive Damage Simulation Of Triaxially Braided Composite Using A 3d Meso-Scale Finite Element Model, Chao Zhang, Ning Li, Wenzhi Wang, Wieslaw Binienda, Hongbing Fang
Progressive Damage Simulation Of Triaxially Braided Composite Using A 3d Meso-Scale Finite Element Model, Chao Zhang, Ning Li, Wenzhi Wang, Wieslaw Binienda, Hongbing Fang
Wieslaw K. Binienda
This article proposes a fully three-dimensional finite element model, developed at the meso-scale level, to predict the progressive damage behavior of a single-layer triaxially braided composite subjected to tensile loading conditions. An anisotropic damage model is established by Murakami–Ohno damage theory to predict damage initiation and progression in the fiber tows. A traction–separation law has been applied to predict theoretically the progressive damage of fiber tow interfaces. The proposed model correlates well with experiment on both global stress–strain responses and local strain distributions. According to the damage contours at different global strain levels, the damage development of fiber tows and …
Free-Edge Effect On The Effective Stiffness Of Single-Layer Triaxially Braided Composite, Chao Zhang, Wieslaw Binienda, Robert Goldberg
Free-Edge Effect On The Effective Stiffness Of Single-Layer Triaxially Braided Composite, Chao Zhang, Wieslaw Binienda, Robert Goldberg
Wieslaw K. Binienda
Free-edge effect is known to play an important role in the failure of triaxially braided composites, especially under transverse tension loading conditions. However, there is little understanding available regarding the free-edge effect on the elastic property of the material. The emphasis of the present study is to examine the impact of the free-edge effect on the effective elastic response of a single-layer triaxially braided composite. Transverse tension straight-sided coupon specimens with various widths are tested and analyzed. The experimental results demonstrate an obvious increase in the tangent modulus and failure strength as the specimen width increases. The surface out-of-plane displacement …
An Investigation Into Motorcycle Crashes In Work Zones, Alexander Maistros, Brandon Stakleff, William Schneider
An Investigation Into Motorcycle Crashes In Work Zones, Alexander Maistros, Brandon Stakleff, William Schneider
William H. Schneider
Objective: There were 454 motorcycle crashes in work zones within the state of Ohio between January 2006 and July 2012. Pavement degradation derived from work zones tend to have a hazardous effect on motorcycles and their safe passage. The objective of this study is to research the work zones where motorcycle crashes have taken place in order to determine any contributing factors. Methods: This study incorporates the collection of motorcycle crash data, including construction documents associated with the work zones in which the crashes occurred. Crash documents from the Ohio Department of Public safety and the Ohio Department of Transportation …
A Comparative Study Of Ni49.9 Ti50.1 And Ni50.3 Ti29.7 Hf20 Tube Actuators, J. Owusu-Danquah, A. Saleeb, B. Dhakal, S. Padula
A Comparative Study Of Ni49.9 Ti50.1 And Ni50.3 Ti29.7 Hf20 Tube Actuators, J. Owusu-Danquah, A. Saleeb, B. Dhakal, S. Padula
Atef Saleeb
A shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator typically has to operate for a large number of thermomechanical cycles due to its application requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the cyclic behavioral response of the SMA actuation material and the devices into which they are incorporated under extended cycling conditions. The present work is focused on the nature of the cyclic, evolutionary behavior of two widely used SMA actuator material systems: (1) a commercially available Ni49.9Ti50.1, and (2) a developmental high-temperature Ni50.3Ti29.7Hf20 alloy. Using a recently developed general SMA modeling framework that utilizes multiple inelastic mechanisms, differences and similarities between the …
Seismic Demand Models And Performance Evaluation Of Self-Centering And Conventional Concentrically Braced Frames, Mojtaba Dyanati, Qindan Huang, David Roke
Seismic Demand Models And Performance Evaluation Of Self-Centering And Conventional Concentrically Braced Frames, Mojtaba Dyanati, Qindan Huang, David Roke
David Roke
Self-centering concentrically braced frame (SC-CBF) systems have been developed to increase the drift capacity of braced frame systems prior to damage. The SC-CBF has a column base detail that permits column uplift at a specified level of overturning moment resulting from lateral forces, softening the lateral force-lateral drift behavior of the system. Restoring forces from vertically-oriented posttensioning bars provides self-centering and reduces residual drift in the SC-CBF. To demonstrate the effectiveness of SC-CBF systems, a comparative study of seismic performance of SC-CBF systems with that of conventional CBF systems is performed using seismic fragility and engineering demand (e.g., peak inter-story …
Creep Rupture Performance Of Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars, Pouya Banibayat, Anil Patnaik
Creep Rupture Performance Of Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars, Pouya Banibayat, Anil Patnaik
Anil Patnaik
Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite bars are suitable substitutes for steel reinforcement in structural concrete because of their light weight and high specific strength and stiffness. Sustained load on FRP composites over the entire service life of the structure can cause failure by creep rupture at loads much smaller than those corresponding to static transient loads. Creep rupture test methods used by several researchers are presented, and a suitable loading arrangement and test method were selected for this study. The creep rupture properties of basalt FRP bars were determined using sustained loading applied to the test specimens simultaneously with an …
Closure To “Analysis And Design Method For Slope Stabilization Using A Row Of Drilled Shafts, Robert Liang, Arash Joorabchi, Lin Li
Closure To “Analysis And Design Method For Slope Stabilization Using A Row Of Drilled Shafts, Robert Liang, Arash Joorabchi, Lin Li
Robert Y. Liang
No abstract provided.
A Clustering Based Method To Evaluate Soil Corrosivity For Pipeline External Integrity Management, Ayako Yajima, Hui Wang, Robert Liang, Homero Castaneda
A Clustering Based Method To Evaluate Soil Corrosivity For Pipeline External Integrity Management, Ayako Yajima, Hui Wang, Robert Liang, Homero Castaneda
Robert Y. Liang
One important category of transportation infrastructure is underground pipelines. Corrosion of these buried pipeline systems may cause pipeline failures with the attendant hazards of property loss and fatalities. Therefore, developing the capability to estimate the soil corrosivity is important for designing and preserving materials and for risk assessment. The deterioration rate of metal is highly influenced by the physicochemical characteristics of a material and the environment of its surroundings. In this study, the field data obtained from the southeast region of Mexico was examined using various data mining techniques to determine the usefulness of these techniques for clustering soil corrosivity …
Bayesian Modeling Of External Corrosion In Underground Pipelines Based On The Integration Of Markov Chain Monte Carlo Techniques And Clustered Inspection Data, Hui Wang, Ayako Yajima, Robert Liang, Homero Castaneda
Bayesian Modeling Of External Corrosion In Underground Pipelines Based On The Integration Of Markov Chain Monte Carlo Techniques And Clustered Inspection Data, Hui Wang, Ayako Yajima, Robert Liang, Homero Castaneda
Robert Y. Liang
In this study, a model is developed to assess external corrosion in buried pipelines based on the unification of Bayesian inferential structure derived from Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques using clustered inspection data. This proposed stochastic model combines clustering algorithms that can ascertain the similarity of corrosion defects and Monte Carlo simulation that can give an accurate probability density function estimation of the corrosion rate. The metal loss rate is chosen as the indicator of corrosion damage propagation, obeying a generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. Bayesian theory was employed to update the probability distribution of metal loss rate as well …
Importance Sampling Based Algorithm For Efficient Reliability Analysis Of Axially Loaded Piles, Haijian Fan, Robert Liang
Importance Sampling Based Algorithm For Efficient Reliability Analysis Of Axially Loaded Piles, Haijian Fan, Robert Liang
Robert Y. Liang
In reliability analysis, the crude Monte Carlo method is known to be computationally demanding. To improve computational efficiency, this paper presents an importance sampling based algorithm that can be applied to conduct efficient reliability evaluation for axially loaded piles. The spatial variability of soil properties along the pile length is considered by random field modeling, in which a mean, a variance, and a correlation length are used to statistically characterize a random field. The local averaging subdivision technique is employed to generate random fields. In each realization, the random fields are used as inputs to the well-established load transfer method …
System Reliability Analysis For Anchor-Stabilised Slopes Considering Stochastic Corrosion Of Anchors, Lin Li, Robert Liang, Hanlong Liu
System Reliability Analysis For Anchor-Stabilised Slopes Considering Stochastic Corrosion Of Anchors, Lin Li, Robert Liang, Hanlong Liu
Robert Y. Liang
In this paper, a methodology using Monte Carlo simulation method was developed in conjunction with the modified limiting equilibrium method of slices. Additionally, the time-dependent deterioration of bond capacity of corroding soil anchors was developed in this methodology due to the attack of chlorides. Uncertainties of anchor-related variables and soil parameters were considered using pertinent statistical descriptors. Furthermore, the inherent stochastic nature of the corrosion and degradation process for the anchor/slope system was identified and incorporated in the simulation. A PC-based software, C-UASLOPE, has been coded to allow for handling of complex slope geometry, soil profile and groundwater conditions. An …
Seismic Demand Models And Performance Evaluation Of Self-Centering And Conventional Concentrically Braced Frames, Mojtaba Dyanati, Qindan Huang, David Roke
Seismic Demand Models And Performance Evaluation Of Self-Centering And Conventional Concentrically Braced Frames, Mojtaba Dyanati, Qindan Huang, David Roke
Qindan Huang
Self-centering concentrically braced frame (SC-CBF) systems have been developed to increase the drift capacity of braced frame systems prior to damage. The SC-CBF has a column base detail that permits column uplift at a specified level of overturning moment resulting from lateral forces, softening the lateral force-lateral drift behavior of the system. Restoring forces from vertically-oriented posttensioning bars provides self-centering and reduces residual drift in the SC-CBF. To demonstrate the effectiveness of SC-CBF systems, a comparative study of seismic performance of SC-CBF systems with that of conventional CBF systems is performed using seismic fragility and engineering demand (e.g., peak inter-story …
Transformation Of Iopamidol During Chlorination, Friedrich Wendel, Christian Eversloh, Edward Machek, Stephen Duirk, Michael Plewa, Susan Richardson, Thomas Ternes
Transformation Of Iopamidol During Chlorination, Friedrich Wendel, Christian Eversloh, Edward Machek, Stephen Duirk, Michael Plewa, Susan Richardson, Thomas Ternes
Stephen E. Duirk
The transformation of the iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) iopamidol, iopromide, iohexol, iomeprol, and diatrizoate was examined in purified water over the pH range from 6.5 to 8.5 in the presence of sodium hypochlorite, monochloramine, and chlorine dioxide. In the presence of aqueous chlorine, only iopamidol was transformed. All other ICM did not show significant reactivity, regardless of the oxidant used. Chlorination of iopamidol followed a second order reaction, with an observed rate constant of up to 0.87 M–1 s–1 (±0.021 M–1 s–1) at pH 8.5. The hypochlorite anion was identified to be the reactive chlorine species. Iodine was released …
Comparison Of Anion Exchange Resins And Aluminum-Based Coagulants For Natural Organic Matter (Nom) Removal And Disinfection By-Product (Dbp) Formation, Elizabeth Crafton, Dayang Wu, Stephen Duirk
Comparison Of Anion Exchange Resins And Aluminum-Based Coagulants For Natural Organic Matter (Nom) Removal And Disinfection By-Product (Dbp) Formation, Elizabeth Crafton, Dayang Wu, Stephen Duirk
Stephen E. Duirk
Anion exchange resins (AERs) were compared with aluminum-based coagulants for reducing disinfection by-product (DBP) precursor concentrations from a source water collected in northeast Ohio, USA. Three AERs (IRA-910, IRA-958, and MIEX) were evaluated to determine which resin would remove the most natural organic matter (NOM) and moieties responsible for DBP formation. All the AERs were found to be highly proficient at NOM removal specifically the moieties that absorb UV254 (i.e., chromophores) over 75 min of contact time; however, MIEX removed NOM at a faster rate than IRA-910 and IRA-958 resins. Enhanced coagulation was effective at removing approximately 35% of the …
Correlation Of Polysiloxane Molecular Structure To Shear-Thinning Power-Law Exponent Using Elastohydrodynamic Film Thickness Measurements, Thomas Zolper, Paul Shiller, Gary Doll, Manfred Jungk, Tobin Marks, Yip Chung, Aaron Greco, Babak Dehkordi, Qian Wang
Correlation Of Polysiloxane Molecular Structure To Shear-Thinning Power-Law Exponent Using Elastohydrodynamic Film Thickness Measurements, Thomas Zolper, Paul Shiller, Gary Doll, Manfred Jungk, Tobin Marks, Yip Chung, Aaron Greco, Babak Dehkordi, Qian Wang
Gary L. Doll
Siloxane-based polymers (polysiloxanes) are susceptible to temporary shear-thinning that manifests as a reduction of elastohydrodynamic film thickness with increasing entrainment speed or effective shear rate. The departure from Newtonian film thickness can be predicted with the power-law exponent ns, an indicator of the severity of shear-thinning in a polymeric fluid that is influenced by the macromolecular structure. In this paper, a combination of extant rheological and tribological models is applied to determine the power-law exponent of several polysiloxanes using film thickness measurements. Film thickness data at several temperatures and slide-to-roll ratios are used to validate the methodology for several siloxane-based …
Metal Plaque On Reeds From An Acid Mine Drainage Site, Lin Guo, Teresa Cutright
Metal Plaque On Reeds From An Acid Mine Drainage Site, Lin Guo, Teresa Cutright
Teresa J. Cutright
Studies were conducted to investigate the interactions among rhizosphere microorganisms, plaque formation, and metal accumulation in reeds [Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.] grown in an acid mine drainage–contaminated field. We found that Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria (Fe(II)OB] played a key role in Fe plaque formation and pH decrease. The kinetics of Fe plaque formation were related to the abundance of rhizosphere Fe(II)OB, which mediated 66.0 to 93.3% Fe(II) oxidation. The Fe(II) concentration decreased from 14.24 to 0.94 mg L−1 in nonsterile samples, with the most abundant Fe(II)OB activity (5.64 ± 3.83 × 105 colony-forming units g−1) after 2 d, and pH …
Public Perceptions Of The Midwest’S Pavements: Policies And Thresholds, David Kuemmel, Richard Robinson, Ronald Sonntag, Robert Griffin, James K. Giese
Public Perceptions Of The Midwest’S Pavements: Policies And Thresholds, David Kuemmel, Richard Robinson, Ronald Sonntag, Robert Griffin, James K. Giese
Robert Griffin
A 5-year, pooled fund study with the Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin departments of transportation assessed the public's perceptions of pavement improvement strategies and developed thresholds of satisfaction using the departments' physical indices, such as pavement ride and condition on rural, two-lane highways in the states. Approximately 3,600 drivers in the three states were involved in the three phases of the project, which included 18 focus groups, 400 statewide surveys in each state, and 2,300 targeted surveys across the three states. A multidisciplinary team from Marquette University and a mass media survey lab conducted the studies. A summary of focus group …
Linking Data To Transportation Research, David Scherer, Courtney Matthews, Amit Varma, Lisa Zilinski
Linking Data To Transportation Research, David Scherer, Courtney Matthews, Amit Varma, Lisa Zilinski
Lisa Zilinski
This presentation will discuss ongoing developments in a collaboration between the Purdue University Libraries and the Joint Transportation Research Program (JTRP). We will present a case study where a comprehensive work flow was developed that links technical report publication to cited data sets. The Libraries, JTRP, and researchers have leveraged this new model to increase research impact, reduce research redundancy, and incorporate data management into the research life cycle.
Estimating Dilemma Zone Hazard Function At High Speed Isolated Intersection, Anuj Sharma, Darcy Bullock, Srinivas Peeta
Estimating Dilemma Zone Hazard Function At High Speed Isolated Intersection, Anuj Sharma, Darcy Bullock, Srinivas Peeta
Anuj Sharma
The traditional surrogate measures of safety (like number of vehicles in dilemma zone) fail to quantify the risk of crash. Traffic conflict has been proposed as an improved surrogate measure of safety for operations at isolated intersections to quantify the risk. This paper develops a dilemma zone hazard function estimating procedure to obtain the probability of traffic conflict occurring. This approach is an extension of the current approach of dilemma zone boundaries to determine the risk of traffic conflict for an individual vehicle in the case of a dilemma zone incursion. Field data collected from the intersection of SR37 and …
Improving Safety And Mobility At High-Speed Intersections With Innovations In Sensor Technology, Anuj Sharma, Darcy Bullock, Senem Velipasalar, Mauricio Casares, Jacob Schmitz, Nathaniel Burnett
Improving Safety And Mobility At High-Speed Intersections With Innovations In Sensor Technology, Anuj Sharma, Darcy Bullock, Senem Velipasalar, Mauricio Casares, Jacob Schmitz, Nathaniel Burnett
Anuj Sharma
A series of innovations has been made in the vehicle sensors field. Technologies such as IntelliDrive and radar-based smart sensors make it possible to track each vehicle in proximity to an intersection. However, current technologies have limitations, such as lack of robustness, accuracy, or level of penetration. This paper assumes an accurate wide-area detector (WAD), which might be soon available, and highlights the potential benefits that might be derived in safety and efficiency of operations at high-speed intersections from the deployment of the WAD. Two critical areas in which wide-area detection can lead to significant improvements are discussed: (a) location …
Field Evaluation Of Alternative Real-Time Methods For Estimating Approach Delay At Signalized Intersections, Anuj Sharma, Darcy Bullock
Field Evaluation Of Alternative Real-Time Methods For Estimating Approach Delay At Signalized Intersections, Anuj Sharma, Darcy Bullock
Anuj Sharma
Vehicle delay at a signalized intersection is among the widely used performance measures of efficiency at a signalized intersection. The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) uses this performance measure to report the level of service at a signalized intersection. This performance measure is also used to estimate travel time along the arterials. With the advent of technological advances in the field of vehicle detection, real-time measurement of delay at a signalized intersection has become economically and computationally feasible. This paper compares three emerging techniques for estimating approach delay: an Input Output technique (IO), a Hybrid technique, and the HCM delay equation. …
Electromagnetic Waves In Contaminated Soils, Arvin Farid, Akram Alshawabkeh, Carey Rappaport
Electromagnetic Waves In Contaminated Soils, Arvin Farid, Akram Alshawabkeh, Carey Rappaport
Carey Rappaport
Soil is a complex, potentially heterogeneous, lossy, and dispersive medium. Modeling the propagation and scattering of electromagnetic (EM) waves in soil is, hence, more challenging than in air or in other less complex media. This chapter will explain fundamentals of the numerical modeling of EM wave propagation and scattering in soil through solving Maxwell’s equations using a finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The chapter will explain how: (i) the lossy and dispersive soil medium (in both dry and fully water-saturated conditions), (ii) a fourth phase (anomaly), (iii) two different types of transmitting antennae (a monopole and a dipole), and …
Removing 17Β-Estradiol From Drinking Water In A Biologically Active Carbon (Bac) Reactor Modified From A Granular Activated Carbon (Gac) Reactor, Zhongtian Li
Z Li
Estrogenic compounds in drinking water sources pose potential threats to human health. Treatment technologies are needed to effectively remove these compounds for the production of safe drinking water. In this study, GAC adsorption was first tested for its ability to remove a model estrogenic compound, 17β-estradiol (E2). Although GAC showed a relatively high adsorption capacity for E2 in isotherm experiments, it appeared to have a long mass transfer zone in a GAC column reactor, causing an early leakage of E2 in the effluent. With an influent E2 concentration of 20 μg/L, the GAC reactor was able to bring down effluent …
Statewide Wireless Communications Project, Volume 2: Inductive Loop Detection Of Bicycles And Inductive Loop Signature Processing For Travel Time Estimation, J. Krogmeier, Darcy Bullock
Statewide Wireless Communications Project, Volume 2: Inductive Loop Detection Of Bicycles And Inductive Loop Signature Processing For Travel Time Estimation, J. Krogmeier, Darcy Bullock
Darcy M Bullock
The Statewide Wireless Communications Project was an umbrella project intended to support various INDOT activities in the area of wireless communications. As these activities were conducted independently the report for the project is organized into three volumes. Volume 1 contains the results of satellite and cellular communications field testing undertaken in support of INDOT’s SiteManager application. Volume 1 also contains the results of an evaluation of spread spectrum radios for long-range communications. Volume 2 contains the results of detection zone evaluation for loop detection of bicycles and the results of testing algorithms for travel time estimation using vehicle re-identification based …
Impact Of Camera And Lighting Position On Video Detection Precision, Avery Rhodes, Kristofer Jennings, Darcy Bullock
Impact Of Camera And Lighting Position On Video Detection Precision, Avery Rhodes, Kristofer Jennings, Darcy Bullock
Darcy M Bullock
On well-illuminated approaches, vehicle headlight reflections on the pavement were observed to cause video detection units to activate early. This early activation results in a dramatic increase in the length of the effective vehicle detection zone. This observed variation in the effective length of the vehicle detection zone that varies by ambient lighting condition and camera placement presents a very serious impediment for traffic engineers to design vehicle extension intervals that operate correctly during day, night and transition periods. Furthermore, the stochastic variation in the length of the vehicle detection zone length has the potential to create driver expectancy issues. …