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Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons™
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Articles 31 - 60 of 71
Full-Text Articles in Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Urinalysis Screening For Rural Communities, Dana Bren-Cardali, Lilian Dao, Jeffrey Destruel, Ryan Fernandez
Urinalysis Screening For Rural Communities, Dana Bren-Cardali, Lilian Dao, Jeffrey Destruel, Ryan Fernandez
Interdisciplinary Design Senior Theses
Access to medical care and health screenings is a necessity for patients around the globe, but it can be difficult to provide this without screenings becoming costly or convoluted. In rural and underdeveloped areas, patients are often disadvantaged when it comes to finding reliable and affordable healthcare. The isolation provided by their location and the rising costs of physicians makes it impossible for most impoverished communities to attain personalized care. Because of this, treatable diseases often go unaddressed, allowing diseases to progress to a critical condition. Mortality rates have shown to be higher in communities located in rural areas and …
Powering A Biosensor Using Wearable Thermoelectric Technology, Anneliese Bals, Noah Barnes, Rafael Bravo, Nicolas Garcia, Joseph O'Bryan, Dylan Santana
Powering A Biosensor Using Wearable Thermoelectric Technology, Anneliese Bals, Noah Barnes, Rafael Bravo, Nicolas Garcia, Joseph O'Bryan, Dylan Santana
Interdisciplinary Design Senior Theses
Wearable medical devices such as insulin pumps, glucose monitors, hearing aids, and electrocardiograms provide necessary medical aid and monitoring to millions of users worldwide. These battery powered devices require battery replacement and frequent charging that reduces the freedom and peace of mind of users. Additionally, the significant portion of the world without access to electricity is unable to use these medical devices as they have no means to power them constantly. Wearable thermoelectric power generation aims to charge these medical device batteries without a need for grid power.
Our team has developing a wristband prototype that uses body heat, ambient …
The Human Keyboard, Derek Char, Thomas Chung, Alexander Mckee, Allen Pai
The Human Keyboard, Derek Char, Thomas Chung, Alexander Mckee, Allen Pai
Interdisciplinary Design Senior Theses
Most products that implement features for user interactions utilize buttons or switches for the user to command to select actions to perform. Such designs are typically controlled with direct motions, such as touch or voice and are seldom designed in consideration of those unable to utilize direct control. In this project, we designed technology that reads naturally occuring biosignals from the body, which then can be apply those signals with any interface. For our specific application in this project, we decided to implement a keyboard. Instead of teaching the fingers how to type on a mechanical keyboard, the body can …
Unsupervised Parkinson’S Disease Assessment, Alexander S. Adranly, Senbao Lu, Yousef Zoumot
Unsupervised Parkinson’S Disease Assessment, Alexander S. Adranly, Senbao Lu, Yousef Zoumot
Interdisciplinary Design Senior Theses
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disease that affects 6.2 million people worldwide. The most popular clinical method to measure PD tremor severity is a standardized test called the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), which is performed subjectively by a medical professional. Due to infrequent checkups and human error introduced into the process, treatment is not optimally adjusted for PD patients. According to a recent review there are two devices recommended to objectively quantify PD symptom severity. Both devices record a patient’s tremors using inertial measurement units (IMUs). One is not currently available for over the counter purchases, …
Vital Sensory Kit For Use With Telemedicine In Developing Countries, Alejandra Pacheco, Jose Hernandez, Antonio Maldonado-Liu, Natalie Arrizon
Vital Sensory Kit For Use With Telemedicine In Developing Countries, Alejandra Pacheco, Jose Hernandez, Antonio Maldonado-Liu, Natalie Arrizon
Interdisciplinary Design Senior Theses
In many developing countries, a large percentage of the population lacks access to adequate healthcare. This is especially true in India where close to 70% of the population lives in rural areas and has little to no access to hospitals or clinics. People living in rural India often times cannot afford to pay to see a doctor should they need to make the journey to a hospital. Telemedicine, a breakthrough in the past couple decades, has broken down the barrier between the patient and the physician. It has slowly been implemented in India to make doctors more available to patients …
Development Of Spectroscopic Methods For Dynamic Cellular Level Study Of Biochemical Kinetics And Disease Progression, Anna M. Sitarski
Development Of Spectroscopic Methods For Dynamic Cellular Level Study Of Biochemical Kinetics And Disease Progression, Anna M. Sitarski
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
One of the current fundamental objectives in biomedical research is understanding molecular and cellular mechanisms of disease progression. Recent work in genetics support the stochastic nature of disease progression on the single cell level. For example, recent work has demonstrated that cancer as a disease state is reached after the accumulation of damages that result in genetic errors. Other diseases like Huntingtons, Parkinsons, Alzheimers, cardiovascular disease are developed over time and their cellular mechanisms of disease transition are largely unknown. Modern techniques of disease characterization are perturbative, invasive and fully destructive to biological samples. Many methods need a probe or …
Enhancing Student Usability Of 3d Bioprinting, Andrew Chang, Sabrina Cismas
Enhancing Student Usability Of 3d Bioprinting, Andrew Chang, Sabrina Cismas
Interdisciplinary Design Senior Theses
3D bioprinting is an emerging technology that is changing the face of tissue engineering through the ability to print cells, scaffolding and matrix materials, and other bioactive reagents. 3D bioprinters are a culmination of various scientific and engineering disciplines with respect to their operation and bioprints, and as such, offer a prime case study on the convergence of the technical fields in research. In order to capitalize on this fact and make 3D bioprinting more accessible for interdisciplinary education applications, we sought to translate 3D bioprinting into the classroom environment as a tool for education. In collaboration with SE3D Education, …
Microfluidic E. Coli Detection, Kyle Pietrzyk, Scott Fukuoka, Andres Maldonado-Liu, Andy Ly
Microfluidic E. Coli Detection, Kyle Pietrzyk, Scott Fukuoka, Andres Maldonado-Liu, Andy Ly
Interdisciplinary Design Senior Theses
In both developed and developing countries, there is a need for a fast diagnostic system to detect pathogens within a fluid sample. In developing a microfluidic platform, which utilizes a microfluidic chip and an optical detection method, doors may be opened for new methods of determining pathogen concentration in fluid. Most biological reactions are not instantaneous. A flow-controlling mechanism with no power requirement may be implemented in the microfluidic platform. As a proof-of-concept, our device uses a microfluidic chip, smartphone, and microlens to detect E. coli concentrations in water. The detection method is based on the latex agglutination assay which …
Mums: Mobile Urinalysis For Maternal Screening, Blair Koeneman, Amy Miller, Joe Neumeyer, Jake Prince
Mums: Mobile Urinalysis For Maternal Screening, Blair Koeneman, Amy Miller, Joe Neumeyer, Jake Prince
Interdisciplinary Design Senior Theses
Pregnant women in low-income communities often lack access to the necessary healthcare for successful births. This is frequently due to the high costs of medical care, the remote location of patients, and the infrequency of primary care medical visits. To address this inequity, we have created a mobile application and imaging unit that allows for the low-cost implementation of urinalysis testing, which will aid in the detection of warning signs for prenatal health risks. From a single photo taken with a tablet camera, our application digitizes the results of a standard urinalysis test strip, displays the test results, and tracks …
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Fate: Applying Biomaterials For Control Of Stem Cell Behavior, Hilary J. Anderson, Jugal Kishore Sahoo, Rein V. Ulijn, Matthew J. Dalby
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Fate: Applying Biomaterials For Control Of Stem Cell Behavior, Hilary J. Anderson, Jugal Kishore Sahoo, Rein V. Ulijn, Matthew J. Dalby
Publications and Research
The materials pipeline for biomaterials and tissue engineering applications is under continuous development. Specifically, there is great interest in the use of designed materials in the stem cell arena as materials can be used to manipulate the cells providing control of behavior. This is important as the ability to “engineer” complexity and subsequent in vitro growth of tissues and organs is a key objective for tissue engineers. This review will describe the nature of the materials strategies, both static and dynamic, and their influence specifically on mesenchymal stem cell fate.
Foot Strike Patterns And Body Alignment Effects On Muscle Activity During Running., Nicole Knapp
Foot Strike Patterns And Body Alignment Effects On Muscle Activity During Running., Nicole Knapp
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The mechanics of the running stride was altered around the 1970s when shoes were released with an elevated heel (McDougall 2009). At this point in time a heel strike running style became increasingly common and has remained the popular pattern when running in traditional shoes. In fact, the exact same person has been seen to alter their stride when running in a traditional shoe where they heel strike verses barefoot where they take on a forefoot strike (Lieberman 2010).
When an individual heel strikes, the ground reaction force is greater and contains an initial peak which is void in a …
A Tale Of Two Nucleases: Using Talens To Edit The Genome Of C. Elegans, Clare Bartlett, Kriszten Kocmond, Erin Root
A Tale Of Two Nucleases: Using Talens To Edit The Genome Of C. Elegans, Clare Bartlett, Kriszten Kocmond, Erin Root
Bioengineering Senior Theses
Genetic engineering is an emerging technology that offers the potential to prevent, treat, or cure genetic diseases. The technology can permanently alter the genome, providing an alternative therapy to drugs and surgery. Specifically, gene therapy is a promising treatment option for many incurable genetic diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and muscular cell dystrophy. Our project gives rise to a better understanding of TALENs and its uses in the genetic engineering field. TALENs, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, are a genetic engineering technology that can be used for targeted gene modification. They are engineered proteins that can bind to specific sequences of …
Micro-Motion Controller Ii, Bergren Antell, Michael Mcnaul, Steve Shushnar
Micro-Motion Controller Ii, Bergren Antell, Michael Mcnaul, Steve Shushnar
Bioengineering Senior Theses
The purpose of this project was to improve upon the functionality of a micro-motion controller designed by another senior design group at this university. The original controller design facilitated motion in only two dimensions, and by modifying the platform of the design to accommodate another axis of rotation, we were able to achieve a full range of 3-D motion in our own product. Additionally, we designed a new system in which a motor could be mounted on the base plate of the device which would rotate the upper platform on its own through a simple belt-and-pulley system. And lastly, we …
Assured Bacterial Detection Towards Paper-Based Microfluidic Chip For Resource-Limited Areas, William Leineweber, Mallory Williams
Assured Bacterial Detection Towards Paper-Based Microfluidic Chip For Resource-Limited Areas, William Leineweber, Mallory Williams
Bioengineering Senior Theses
There is a significant and urgent need for affordable, fast, and accurate pathogen detection methods in resource-limited settings. Currently, accurate pathogen detection methods are dependent upon special equipment or reagents, specialized training to operate such equipment, electricity or cold storage, or sterile environments not feasible outside of the laboratory. Here we present a functionalized cellulose paper device towards an autonomous 3- dimensional microfluidics chip to detect bacterial pathogens. The microfluidic device utilizes a nucleic acid sandwich assay that detects the presence of bacterial RNA through complementary strand binding. An oligonucleotide “capture strand” immobilizes the targeted RNA sequence to the device, …
Physical Properties Of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, Nicklaus Carter
Physical Properties Of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, Nicklaus Carter
Honors College
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) relies heavily on contrast agents such that diagnosis of various diseases can be made with increased confidence. Current contrast agents for MRI depend on various chelated molecules composed of a toxic gadolinium ion, Gd3+. In 2006, a discovery was made connecting Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis (NSF) and these gadolinium based contrast agents (GBCAs). The connection between life threatening NSF and GBCAs stems from patients with pre-existing kidney malfunctions. It has been proposed that an alternative agent such as iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) be investigated. These IONPs theoretically will have similar responses in efficiency of improving …
Ontogenetic Scaling Patterns And Functional Anatomy Of The Pelvic Limb Musculature In Emus (Dromaius Novaehollandiae), Luis P. Lamas, Russell P. Main, John R. Hutchinson
Ontogenetic Scaling Patterns And Functional Anatomy Of The Pelvic Limb Musculature In Emus (Dromaius Novaehollandiae), Luis P. Lamas, Russell P. Main, John R. Hutchinson
Department of Basic Medical Sciences Faculty Publications
Emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) are exclusively terrestrial, bipedal and cursorial ratites with some similar biomechanical characteristics to humans. Their growth rates are impressive, as their body mass increases eighty-fold from hatching to adulthood whilst maintaining the same mode of locomotion throughout life. These ontogenetic characteristics stimulate biomechanical questions about the strategies that allow emus to cope with their rapid growth and locomotion, which can be partly addressed via scaling (allometric) analysis of morphology. In this study we have collected pelvic limb anatomical data (muscle architecture, tendon length, tendon mass and bone lengths) and calculated muscle physiological cross sectional area …
Talens: Genome Surgery, Carson Harms, Serena Lerkantitham
Talens: Genome Surgery, Carson Harms, Serena Lerkantitham
Bioengineering Senior Theses
Genetic engineering has always held great opportunity for the field of gene therapy. If the cause of a genetic disease can be determined, correction of this gene would allow for an efficient and permanent cure. However, current technologies utilizing engineered retroviruses have serious drawbacks that significantly limit their practical applications for gene therapy. In this project we investigate a novel genetic editing technology called TALENs. By utilizing a modular protein isolated from a plant pathogen that can be quickly and efficiently redesigned to recognize and bind to any desired sequence of DNA combined with a nuclease, we can target a …
Mobile Audiometry Application, Kevin Nguyen, Shweta Panditrao
Mobile Audiometry Application, Kevin Nguyen, Shweta Panditrao
Interdisciplinary Design Senior Theses
The Mobile Audiometry Application hopes to utilize the ubiquity of the mobile device by providing a means of healthcare focused on audiometry. This application enables a mobile device to perform audiometric testing to detect a user's hearing range, and notify the user whether he or she is suffering from hearing loss. This project seeks to fulfill a social need for increased access to hearing testing by providing a portable, affordable, and reliable screening tool that is accurate. The result was sleek application that provided a calibration method, executed an audiometry test using accurate and calibrated files, displayed the results graphically, …
Reverse Protein Engineering Of Firefly Luciferase, Kahler Bugtong, Skyler Herczeg, Abraham Munoz, Alexandra Obata
Reverse Protein Engineering Of Firefly Luciferase, Kahler Bugtong, Skyler Herczeg, Abraham Munoz, Alexandra Obata
Bioengineering Senior Theses
Firefly luciferase is a bioluminescent protein commonly used as a bioluminescent tag in biological studies and applications. However, because the protein is fairly large in size, it is sometimes larger than the molecules it is intended to measure and is therefore not a sufficient tag in smaller applications. The active site of firely luciferase is also not well understood, making it difficult to engineer the protein without affecting its bioluminescent activity. In this paper, we discuss the experimental methods of Reverse Protein Engineering: a bioengineering technology that reduces the size of a protein while retaining its original function. This involves …
Genome Editing Of Human Ipscs Using The Cas9 System, Cade Ellis Ito, Nick Wolfe
Genome Editing Of Human Ipscs Using The Cas9 System, Cade Ellis Ito, Nick Wolfe
Bioengineering Senior Theses
Recent research advancements in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have broadened their capacity for research in specific disease models3 need for effective and robust techniques to detect cell differentiation. Two techniques currently exist to determine cell type; morphology and immunostaining. Although they have been used by researchers for many years, these methods can be unreliable, time-consuming, and very uneconomical. We seek to create a technology that will be more accurate and efficient in detecting differentiation of iPSCs. This will allow researchers greater speed in screening for specific differentiation products, further increasing the utility of iPSCs in medical research. We will …
Molecular And Device Engineering Towards The Study Of Potential Anti-Mrsa Agents, Powell Fansler, Karla Geisse, Ryan Marshall
Molecular And Device Engineering Towards The Study Of Potential Anti-Mrsa Agents, Powell Fansler, Karla Geisse, Ryan Marshall
Bioengineering Senior Theses
At the intersection of bio-device engineering and bio-pharmaceutical studies, our project involved the design of a hydraulic manifold to be used in isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), with the ultimate goal of using ITC to study the thermodynamic binding parameters of potential anti-Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) agents to our drug target, Sortase A. The hydraulic manifold redesign included the analysis of materials such as high density polyethylene (HDPE), polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE, ‘Teflon’), and polycarbonate as well as the implementation of a new construct of the manifold itself. Sortase A is a transpeptidase found in Gram-positive bacteria and catalyses the attachment of …
Design Of A Methane-To-Methanol Conversion Device, Pankti Doshi, Jessica Garcia
Design Of A Methane-To-Methanol Conversion Device, Pankti Doshi, Jessica Garcia
Bioengineering Senior Theses
The purpose of this project was to develop a device that will make natural gas, primarily methane, an efficient and economical fuel alternative as the world’s petroleum supply is diminished. Presently, methane gas is too costly and dangerous to convert to methanol. The direct oxidation of methane can reduce the processing and transportation costs creating a competitive alternative to petroleum. This device will be marketable to companies interested in alternative fuel sources competitive with petroleum. Entrepreneurs are then expected step in and develop a global market. With the development of our prototypes and running methane and oxygen (or atmospheric oxygen) …
Protein Engineering Of Luciferase To Enhance Bioluminescent Properties, Charles Schwab, Peter Wittig
Protein Engineering Of Luciferase To Enhance Bioluminescent Properties, Charles Schwab, Peter Wittig
Bioengineering Senior Theses
Bioluminescence is the ability of naturally occurring organisms to emit light. Many instances of bioluminescence have been identified ranging from fireflies to bacteria. The protein responsible for bioluminescence in all of these organisms is luciferase. The exact function and structure of this protein are still unknown to this day. This project aims at better understanding luciferase as well as enhancing its bioluminescent properties. In order to work with luciferase, we had to isolate all of the genes necessary for bioluminescence. The six genes necessary for bioluminescence are Lux A,B,C,D,E,G. We isolated each of these genes from original bacterial DNA. We …
Designing A Biomimetic Primary Cell-Based 3d Culture System For Neurotoxicity Screening, Teresa Cauvel, Jessca Kosit, Nicolo Mendoza
Designing A Biomimetic Primary Cell-Based 3d Culture System For Neurotoxicity Screening, Teresa Cauvel, Jessca Kosit, Nicolo Mendoza
Bioengineering Senior Theses
Culturing neurons in vitro is a challenging task because they are a highly specialized cell type that reside in a complex and unique environment in the body. The aim of the research presented in the following thesis was to design a biomimetic, three-dimensional scaffold capable of (1) promoting primary neuron maturation and axonal outgrowth and (2) serving as a system for toxicology screening. In the system presented here, neurons were cultured in three-dimensional hydrogels, simulating the physiological environment that these cells experience within the body. In doing so, a biologically relevant response was elicited upon their exposure to acrylamide, a …
Bioengineered Hearts, Rivky Loeb
Bioengineered Hearts, Rivky Loeb
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Heart disease is one of the highest causes for fatality in the world. Although many such diseases can be treated by a heart transplant, this in itself can cause countless problems. Aside from the high demand for donor hearts, there is the risk of the patient’s immune system rejecting the transplanted heart. A bioengineered heart would reduce the need for donor hearts, and thus save countless lives. Finding a suitable scaffold, obtaining appropriate cells, and ensuring that the tissue will function properly are the main focuses in creating an artificial heart. While most of the studies done have been concentrated …
Developing A Small-Footprint Bioengineering Program, Alisha Sarang-Sieminski, Debbie Chachra
Developing A Small-Footprint Bioengineering Program, Alisha Sarang-Sieminski, Debbie Chachra
Alisha L. Sarang-Sieminski
The field of bioengineering is rapidly changing and expanding to include not only more traditional bioengineering applications (e.g. device-focused areas such as prosthetics, imaging) but also more recent sub-fields and technologies(e.g. more biologically-focused areas such as those enabled by tissue engineering and microfluidics). This rapid change, coupled with the intrinsically interdisciplinary nature of bioengineering, presents a unique challenge to the developers of academic programs, as they need to both select relevant content and strike a balance between depth and breadth. We, the architects of the bioengineering program at the undergraduate-only Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering, which enrolled its first …
The Trm2h : Detecting Protein-Protein Interactions By Engineering The Cell As A Biosensor, Elyse Shimomura, Paulina Perezalonso
The Trm2h : Detecting Protein-Protein Interactions By Engineering The Cell As A Biosensor, Elyse Shimomura, Paulina Perezalonso
Bioengineering Senior Theses
Protein-protein interactions regulate key cellular functions and cell signaling pathways in the body; biological systems can be disrupted by protein interactions or lack of interactions that cause cell dysfunction and can lead to disease or illness. However, studying these interactions is complex and difficult to quantify. In this project, we examine the interaction of two putative cancer biomarkers, Bax and PDCDS, using the tetracycline repressor-based mammalian two-hybrid system (trM2H). This in vivo system engineers the cell as a biosensor using methods of DNA cloning and mammalian cell transfections that easily detects and quantities the interaction of two proteins by the …
Analyzing Surface Protein Expression And Internalization, William Truong, Josergio Zaragoza
Analyzing Surface Protein Expression And Internalization, William Truong, Josergio Zaragoza
Bioengineering Senior Theses
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are currently the largest class of membrane receptors and are targeted by a majority of the modern drug therapeutics. In addition, they partake in many physiological and pathological processes such as inflammation, growth, and hormone responses. Most importantly, GPCRs are targets of many disease-specific pathways such as Alzheimers, hypertension, leukemia, and depression. As a result, there is an immense interest in studying GPCRs as this area provides further knowledge into the specific disease pathways and allows the discovery of novel therapeutics. In order to have a better understanding of pathways, scientists have studied GPCR activation. The …
Measuring The Mechanical Properties Of Living Cells Using Atomic Force Microscopy, Nancy Burnham, Gawain Thomas, Terri Camesano, Qi Wen
Measuring The Mechanical Properties Of Living Cells Using Atomic Force Microscopy, Nancy Burnham, Gawain Thomas, Terri Camesano, Qi Wen
Nancy A. Burnham
Mechanical properties of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) play important roles in many biological processes including stem cell differentiation, tumor formation, and wound healing. Changes in stiffness of cells and ECM are often signs of changes in cell physiology or diseases in tissues. Hence, cell stiffness is an index to evaluate the status of cell cultures. Among the multitude of methods applied to measure the stiffness of cells and tissues, micro-indentation using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) provides a way to reliably measure the stiffness of living cells. This method has been widely applied to characterize the micro-scale stiffness for …
Amperometric Detection Of Bioamines In Cancer Borealis Using Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis Integrated With Micellar Chromatography, Ajay Fernandez, Jason Howard, Christina Shuh
Amperometric Detection Of Bioamines In Cancer Borealis Using Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis Integrated With Micellar Chromatography, Ajay Fernandez, Jason Howard, Christina Shuh
Bioengineering Senior Theses
In order to study neuromodulation in Cancer borealis, commonly known as the Jonah crab, we designed a microchip capillary electrophoretic (CE) device with micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) to separate bioamines and detect their concentrations using amperometric detection (AD). The analysis will be used to characterize the bioamines: dopamine, octopamine, tyramine, serotonin, norepinephrine, and gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA). The device measures the concentration of bioamines in microdialysate samples taken directly from the pericardial cavity of the crab. The research on Jonah crabs will be applied to enhance our understanding of the crab neurology. Since the structure and in some instances, the function …