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Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2013

Florida International University

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Articles 1 - 12 of 12

Full-Text Articles in Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering

68ga-Nota-Chsg And 99mtc-Chsg Labeled Microspheres For Lung Perfusion And Liver Radiomicrospheres Therapy Planning, Alejandro Amor-Coarasa, Andrew Milera, Denny Carvajal, Seza Gulec, Jared Leichner, Anthony J. Mcgoron Nov 2013

68ga-Nota-Chsg And 99mtc-Chsg Labeled Microspheres For Lung Perfusion And Liver Radiomicrospheres Therapy Planning, Alejandro Amor-Coarasa, Andrew Milera, Denny Carvajal, Seza Gulec, Jared Leichner, Anthony J. Mcgoron

Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Fast biodegradable (12 h < half-life < 48 h) radioactive labeled microspheres are needed for PET and SPECT lung perfusion and radiomicrosphere therapy planning. An emulsion method was used to create 30.1 ±4.8 μm size range microspheres with biodegradable Chitosan glycol (CHSg). Microspheres were characterized and labeled with or as an alternative to MAA in perfusion PET and SPECT studies. Surface decoration of CHSg microspheres with p-SCN-Bn-NOTA was performed to increase   in vivo stability. was labeled directly to the CHSg microspheres. Labeling yield and in vitro radiochemical stability were evaluated. In vitro CHSg microsphere degradation half-life was ~24 hours in porcine blood. Labeled microspheres were injected into Sprague Dawley rats and biodistribution was determined after 2 and 4 hours. Both -CHSg and -NOTA-CHSg were quickly allocated in the lungs after injection. -CHSg showed 91.6 ± 6.5% and 83.2 ± 4.1% of the decay corrected injected activity remaining in the lungs after 2 and 4 hours, respectively. For the obtained -NOTA-CHSg microspheres, lung allocation was very high with 98.9 ± 0.2% and 95.6 ± 0.9% after 2 and 4 hours, respectively. The addition of p-SCN-Bn-NOTA acts as a radioprotectant eliminating the released activity from the lungs to the bladder protecting the other organs.

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A Novel Signal Processing Method For Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring In Spinal Surgeries, Krishnatej Vedala Nov 2013

A Novel Signal Processing Method For Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring In Spinal Surgeries, Krishnatej Vedala

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring is an integral part of spinal surgeries and involves the recording of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP). However, clinical application of IONM still requires anywhere between 200 to 2000 trials to obtain an SSEP signal, which is excessive and introduces a significant delay during surgery to detect a possible neurological damage. The aim of this study is to develop a means to obtain the SSEP using a much less, twelve number of recordings. The preliminary step involved was to distinguish the SSEP with the ongoing brain activity. We first establish that the brain activity is indeed quasi-stationary whereas …

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Network Construction And Graph Theoretical Analysis Of Functional Language Networks In Pediatric Epilepsy, Anas Salah Eddin Nov 2013

Network Construction And Graph Theoretical Analysis Of Functional Language Networks In Pediatric Epilepsy, Anas Salah Eddin

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation introduces a new approach for assessing the effects of pediatric epilepsy on the language connectome. Two novel data-driven network construction approaches are presented. These methods rely on connecting different brain regions using either extent or intensity of language related activations as identified by independent component analysis of fMRI data. An auditory description decision task (ADDT) paradigm was used to activate the language network for 29 patients and 30 controls recruited from three major pediatric hospitals. Empirical evaluations illustrated that pediatric epilepsy can cause, or is associated with, a network efficiency reduction. Patients showed a propensity to inefficiently employ …

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Real-Time Biosensor For The Assessment Of Nanotoxicity And Cancer Electrotherapy, Evangelia Hondroulis Nov 2013

Real-Time Biosensor For The Assessment Of Nanotoxicity And Cancer Electrotherapy, Evangelia Hondroulis

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Knowledge of cell electronics has led to their integration to medicine either by physically interfacing electronic devices with biological systems or by using electronics for both detection and characterization of biological materials. In this dissertation, an electrical impedance sensor (EIS) was used to measure the electrode surface impedance changes from cell samples of human and environmental toxicity of nanoscale materials in 2D and 3D cell culture models. The impedimetric response of human lung fibroblasts and rainbow trout gill epithelial cells when exposed to various nanomaterials was tested to determine their kinetic effects towards the cells and to demonstrate the biosensor’s …

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Bionano Electronics: Magneto-Electric Nanoparticles For Drug Delivery, Brain Stimulation And Imaging Applications, Rakesh Guduru Sep 2013

Bionano Electronics: Magneto-Electric Nanoparticles For Drug Delivery, Brain Stimulation And Imaging Applications, Rakesh Guduru

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Nanoparticles are often considered as efficient drug delivery vehicles for precisely dispensing the therapeutic payloads specifically to the diseased sites in the patient’s body, thereby minimizing the toxic side effects of the payloads on the healthy tissue. However, the fundamental physics that underlies the nanoparticles’ intrinsic interaction with the surrounding cells is inadequately elucidated. The ability of the nanoparticles to precisely control the release of its payloads externally (on-demand) without depending on the physiological conditions of the target sites has the potential to enable patient- and disease-specific nanomedicine, also known as Personalized NanoMedicine (PNM). In this dissertation, magneto-electric nanoparticles (MENs) …

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The Role Of Complementary And Alternative Medicine In Regenerative Medicine, Yueh-Sheng Chen, Wei-Chiang Lin, Cheryl Miller Aug 2013

The Role Of Complementary And Alternative Medicine In Regenerative Medicine, Yueh-Sheng Chen, Wei-Chiang Lin, Cheryl Miller

Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Funtional Near Infrared Spectroscopy Study Of Language, Joint Attention And Motor Skills, Ujwal Chaudhary Jun 2013

Funtional Near Infrared Spectroscopy Study Of Language, Joint Attention And Motor Skills, Ujwal Chaudhary

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an emerging non-invasive optical neuro imaging technique that monitors the hemodynamic response to brain activation with ms-scale temporal resolution and sub-cm spatial resolution. The overall goal of my dissertation was to develop and apply NIRS towards investigation of neurological response to language, joint attention and planning and execution of motor skills in healthy adults. Language studies were performed to investigate the hemodynamic response, synchrony and dominance feature of the frontal and fronto-temporal cortex of healthy adults in response to language reception and expression. The mathematical model developed based on granger causality explicated the directional flow …

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An Assessment Of Novel Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys For Endovascular Biomaterial Applications, Dharam Persaud-Sharma Jun 2013

An Assessment Of Novel Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys For Endovascular Biomaterial Applications, Dharam Persaud-Sharma

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Magnesium alloys have been widely explored as potential biomaterials, but several limitations to using these materials have prevented their widespread use, such as uncontrollable degradation kinetics which alter their mechanical properties. In an attempt to further the applicability of magnesium and its alloys for biomedical purposes, two novel magnesium alloys Mg-Zn-Cu and Mg-Zn-Se were developed with the expectation of improving upon the unfavorable qualities shown by similar magnesium based materials that have previously been explored. The overall performance of these novel magnesium alloys has been assessesed in three distinct phases of research: 1) analysing the mechanical properties of the as-cast …

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Electrochemical Immunosensing Of Cortisol In An Automated Microfluidic System Towards Point-Of-Care Applications, Abhay Vasudev May 2013

Electrochemical Immunosensing Of Cortisol In An Automated Microfluidic System Towards Point-Of-Care Applications, Abhay Vasudev

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation describes the development of a label-free, electrochemical immunosensing platform integrated into a low-cost microfluidic system for the sensitive, selective and accurate detection of cortisol, a steroid hormone co-related with many physiological disorders. Abnormal levels of cortisol is indicative of conditions such as Cushing’s syndrome, Addison’s disease, adrenal insufficiencies and more recently post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Electrochemical detection of immuno-complex formation is utilized for the sensitive detection of Cortisol using Anti-Cortisol antibodies immobilized on sensing electrodes. Electrochemical detection techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) have been utilized for the characterization and sensing of the …

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Multifunctional Nanoparticles In Cancer: In Vitro Characterization, In Vivo Distribution, Tingjun Lei Mar 2013

Multifunctional Nanoparticles In Cancer: In Vitro Characterization, In Vivo Distribution, Tingjun Lei

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A novel biocompatible and biodegradable polymer, termed poly(Glycerol malate co-dodecanedioate) (PGMD), was prepared by thermal condensation method and used for fabrication of nanoparticles (NPs). PGMD NPs were prepared using the single oil emulsion technique and loaded with an imaging/hyperthermia agent (IR820) and a chemotherapeutic agent (doxorubicin, DOX). The size of the void PGMD NPs, IR820-PGMD NPs and DOX-IR820-PGMD NPs were approximately 90 nm, 110 nm, and 125 nm respectively. An acidic environment (pH=5.0) induced higher DOX and IR820 release compared to pH=7.4. DOX release was also enhanced by exposure to laser, which increased the temperature to 42°C. Cytotoxicity of DOX-IR820-PGMD …

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Effect Of Arginine And Oscillatory Ca2+ On Vascular Response Mediated Via Nitric Oxide Signaling In Normal And Salt Sensitive Hypertensive Rat Mesenteric Arterioles, Tushar V. Gadkari Feb 2013

Effect Of Arginine And Oscillatory Ca2+ On Vascular Response Mediated Via Nitric Oxide Signaling In Normal And Salt Sensitive Hypertensive Rat Mesenteric Arterioles, Tushar V. Gadkari

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Hypertension, a major risk factor in the cardiovascular system, is characterized by an increase in the arterial blood pressure. High dietary sodium is linked to multiple cardiovascular disorders including hypertension. Salt sensitivity, a measure of how the blood pressure responds to salt intake is observed in more than 50% of the hypertension cases. Nitric Oxide (NO), as an endogenous vasodilator serves many important biological roles in the cardiovascular physiology including blood pressure regulation. The physiological concentrations for NO bioactivity are reported to be in 0-500 nM range. Notably, the vascular response to NO is highly regulated within a small concentration …

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Dynamics Of P53: A Master Decider Of Cell Fate, Qingyin Luo, Jill M. Beaver, Yuan Liu, Zunzhen Zhang Jan 2013

Dynamics Of P53: A Master Decider Of Cell Fate, Qingyin Luo, Jill M. Beaver, Yuan Liu, Zunzhen Zhang

All Faculty

Cellular stress-induced temporal alterations?i.e., dynamics?are typically exemplified by the dynamics of p53 that serve as a master to determine cell fate. p53 dynamics were initially identified as the variations of p53 protein levels. However, a growing number of studies have shown that p53 dynamics are also manifested in variations in the activity, spatial location, and posttranslational modifications of p53 proteins, as well as the interplay among all p53 dynamical features. These are essential in determining a specific outcome of cell fate. In this review, we discuss the importance of the multifaceted features of p53 dynamics and their roles in the …

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