Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons^™

Low Concentration Microenvironments Enhance The Migration Of Neonatal Cells Of Glial Lineage, Richard A. Able, Jr., Celestin Ngnabeuye, Cade Beck, Eric C. Holland, Maribel Vazquez

Publications and Research

Glial tumors have demonstrated abilities to sustain growth via recruitment of glial progenitor cells (GPCs), which is believed to be driven by chemotactic cues. Previous studies have illustrated that mouse GPCs of different genetic backgrounds are able to replicate the dispersion pattern seen in the human disease. How GPCs with genetic backgrounds transformed by tumor paracrine signaling respond to extracellular cues via migration is largely unexplored, and remains a limiting factor in utilizing GPCs as therapeutic targets. In this study, we utilized a microfluidic device to examine the chemotaxis of three genetically-altered mouse GPC populations towards tumor conditioned media, as …

Modular Machine Learning Methods For Computer-Aided Diagnosis Of Breast Cancer, Mia Kathleen Markey '94

Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to improve breast cancer diagnosis by reducing the number of benign biopsies performed. To this end, we investigated modular and ensemble systems of machine learning methods for computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) of breast cancer. A modular system partitions the input space into smaller domains, each of which is handled by a local model. An ensemble system uses multiple models for the same cases and combines the models' predictions.

Five supervised machine learning techniques (LDA, SVM, BP-ANN, CBR, CART) were trained to predict the biopsy outcome from mammographic findings (BIRADS™) and patient age based on a …

A Computational Model Of Spasticity Based On A Decoupling Of The Alpha And Gamma Efferents, Bruno A. Mantilla

Theses

It is generally accepted that spasticity results from changes in the excitability of the stretch reflex. This change lowers the threshold of the motoneurons of the spinal cord where the integration of a signal from velocity/position sensors is processed and then fed back to the contracting muscle (alphaextrafusal and gamma-intrafusal fibers). The stretch reflex depends on the initial length of the muscle, the stretch velocity and voluntary activity. The exact sequence of the triggering events remains unknown, is poorly understood and as a result is controversial. The clinical classification scales are mainly subjective and by definition, inaccurate.

This computational model …

Development Of A Method To Examine Shear Stress On Cardiomyocytes, Dhawal Desai

Theses

Cardiac hypertrophy is the remodeling or enlargement of the heart exhibited by individuals suffering from heart disease. Cardiac hypertrophy involves two mechanisms, mechanical stresses and humoral changes in the cardiac tissue. One such humoral change involves the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS). The primary fimction of RAS is maintenance of hemodynamics of the body mediated through an effector protein, Angiotensin 11. However, RAS has been shown to play a significant role in the pathophysiology of the heart; contributing to hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial infarction. RAS acts through binding of Angiotensin 11 at its receptors. The two forms of Angiotensin 11 …

Spinal Fixation System, Matthew N. Songer, Jeffrey D. Vlahos, Thomas S. Kilpela, Gopal Jayaraman

Michigan Tech Patents

An implantable, spinal, vertebral replacement device comprises a tubular cage for fitting into a space left by a missing vertebral body and for optionally retaining bone graft material. First and second transverse plates are respectively positioned at opposed ends of the tubular cage for supporting the respective cage ends and for pressing a plate face against an adjacent vertebral body in spinal columnsupporting relation. The transverse plates are each joined in transverse relation to at least one vertebral attachment plate which, in use, extends generally parallel to the spine. The vertebral attachment plate defines screw holes for screw securance to …

Novel Modeling Techniques For Tumor Diagnostics Using Pulsed Laser Sources, Mohamed Sakami, Kunal Mitra, Tuan Vo-Dinh

Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Faculty Publications

In this paper, a two-dimensional transient radiation transport algorithm is developed to analyze short pulse laser transport through a tissue medium having tumors and inhomogeneities imbedded in it. Short pulse probing techniques have distinct advantages over conventional very large pulse width or cw lasers primarily due to the additional information conveyed about the tissue interior by the temporal variation of the observed signal. The distinct feature is the multiple scattering induced temporal signatures that persists for time periods greater than the duration of the source pulse and is a function of the source pulse width, the scattering/absorbing properties and nature …

Point Of View: Artificial Intervertebral Disc Replacement Using Bioactive Three-Dimensional Fabric, Jeffrey M. Toth

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Treatment Improves Properties Of Cast Films From Soy Protein Isolate, Jong W. Rhim, Aristippos Gennadios, Curtis Weller, Milford Hanna

Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications

The manufacture of edible/biodegradable films or coatings can potentially add value to soy protein. This study was conducted to determine the effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on selected physical properties of glycerin-plasticized soy protein isolate (SPI) films. Films were cast from heated (70 °C for 20 min), alkaline (pH 10) aqueous solutions of SPI (5 g/100 ml water), glycerin (50% w/w of SPI), and SDS (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, or 40% w/w of SPI). Tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (E), moisture content (MC), total soluble matter (TSM), water vapor permeability (WVP), and color values (L, a, and …

Evapotranspiration Using A Satellite-Based Surface Energy Balance With Standardized Ground Control, Ricardo Trezza

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study evaluated the potential of using the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) as a means for estimating evapotranspiration (ET) for local and regional scales in Southern Idaho. The original SEBAL model was refined during this study to provide better estimation of ET in agricultural areas and to make more reliable estimates of ET from other surfaces as well, including mountainous terrain. The modified version of SEBAL used in this study, termed as SEBAL_ID (lD stands for Idaho) includes standardization of the two SEBAL "anchor" pixels, the use of a water balance …

Bme Stats Spring 2002, Department Of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University

STATS

No abstract provided.

Behavior Of Nano-Engineered Platelets In A Coronary Artery Stenosis Model, Hua Ai

Doctoral Dissertations

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in North America. Cardiac infarction caused by thrombus plaque rupture can often lead to sudden death. Arterial stenosis caused by atherosclerosis is an important precursor leading to thrombus formation. Shear stress, abnormal lipid metabolism, and subendothelial layer exposure are the major contributors to arterial thrombus formation. Platelet activation by the above factors, followed by adhesion is the basic sequence in thrombus formation.

Platelets were encapsulated with nanofilm in order to reduce platelet activation and adhesion under high shear stress. Polyions, nanoparticles and immunoglobulins were assembled in nano-organized shells on fixed bovine platelets …

Isoform-Specific Stimulation Of Cardiac Na/K Pumps By Nanomolar Concentrations Of Glycosides., Glenn Gaudette, Junyuan Gao, Randy Wymore, Yongli Wang, Irvin Krukenkamp, Ira Cohen, Richard Mathias

Glenn R. Gaudette

It is well-known that micromolar to millimolar concentrations of cardiac glycosides inhibit Na/K pump activity, however, some early reports suggested nanomolar concentrations of these glycosides stimulate activity. These early reports were based on indirect measurements in multicellular preparations, hence, there was some uncertainty whether ion accumulation/depletion rather than pump stimulation caused the observations. Here, we utilize the whole-cell patch-clamp technique on isolated cardiac myocytes to directly measure Na/K pump current (I(P)) in conditions that minimize the possibility of ion accumulation/depletion causing the observed effects. In guinea pig ventricular myocytes, nanomolar concentrations of dihydro-ouabain (DHO) caused an outward current that appeared …

Biometrics And The Bottom Line For Aviation Security, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article attempts to identify the utility of biometric technology for variants of aviation security.

Thermal Analysis Of Fly Ashes Sourced From European Non-Blended Coals, Kenneth T. Stanton, Mark R. Towler, Patrick Mooney, Robert G. Hill, Xavier Querol

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Fly ashes exist as a mixture of major amorphous phases and minor crystalline phases. For commercial applications, such as in concretes and for the production of zeolites, it would be desirable to be able to predict the reactivity of fly ashes. The amorphous phase dominates degradation behaviour, because glasses have a higher potential energy than the equivalent crystal structure and the variation of bond angles and distances in a glass make the bond breakage easier. Despite the large quantities of fly ash produced annually by coal-burning power plants, there have been very few studies investigating the microstructure and composition of …

Histologic Evaluation Of The Efficacy Of Rhbmp-2 Compared With Autograft Bone In Sheep Spinal Anterior Interbody Fusion, Harvinder Sandhu, Jeffrey M. Toth, Ashish Diwan, H. B. Seim Iii, Linda E.A. Kanim, J. Michael Kabo, A. Simon Turner

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Study Design. The sheep anterior lumbar spinal fusion model was used to study the efficacy of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2)–collagen composite in comparison with autograft to enhance spinal interbody fusion. Comparisons were drawn from temporal radiographic and end-point biomechanical and histologic data.

Objective. To analyze histologically the ability of rhBMP-2 to achieve complete arthrodesis between vertebral bodies.

Summary of Background Data. Studies using rhBMP for enhancement of anterior interbody fusion have used numerous endpoints. However, systematic histologic evaluation of the fusion has not been conducted.

Methods. Twelve sheep underwent single-level anterior lumbar interbody fusion performed with a cylindrical …

Estimation Of Pulmonary Arterial Volume Changes In The Normal And Hypertensive Fawn-Hooded Rat From 3d Micro-Ct Data, Robert C. Molthen, Christian Wieholt, Steven Thomas Haworth, Christopher A. Dawson

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

In the study of pulmonary vascular remodeling, much can be learned from observing the morphological changes undergone in the pulmonary arteries of the rat lung when exposed to chronic hypoxia or other challenges which elicit a remodeling response. Remodeling effects include thickening of vessel walls, and loss of wall compliance. Morphometric data can be used to localize the hemodynamic and functional consequences. We developed a CT imaging method for measuring the pulmonary arterial tree over a range of pressures in rat lungs. X-ray micro-focal isotropic volumetric imaging of the arterial tree in the intact rat lung provides detailed information on …

Morphometric Predictors Of Bone Fragility Suggest A Dichotomy In The Role Of Osteons In The Resistance To Fracture Of Human Cortical Bone, Timothy L. Norman, C. Brown

Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Incidence And Role Of Diffuse Damage In Human Cortical Bone, Timothy L. Norman, T. M. Little

Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Presentations

No abstract provided.

A Viscoelastic Damage Model For Human Cortical Bone, G. Parasamian, Timothy L. Norman

Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Presentations

No abstract provided.

A Biomechanical Comparison Of Three Sternotomy Closure Techniques, David J. Cohen, Lanny V. Griffin

Biomedical Engineering

Background. A biomechanical study of three sternotomy closuretechniques (figure-of-eight stainless-steel wires, PectofixDynamic Sternal Fixation [DSF] stainless-steel plates, and figure-of-eightstainless-steel cables) was conducted to compare strength andstiffness variables in three clinically relevant loading modes(anterior-posterior shear, longitudinal shear, and lateral distraction).

Methods. All tests were conducted on polyurethane foam sternalmodels that simulate the properties of cancellous bone. Eachmodel was divided longitudinally and reconstructed using oneof the sternotomy closure repair techniques. Tests were performedusing a materials testing system that applies a continuouslyincreasing amount of force in one direction to the model untilit catastrophically breaks. A total of six trials of each …

Establishing A Waste Management System For Imbaba Fever Hospital, Wafik H Matta

Archived Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Long-Term Manure And Fertilizer Application Effects On Phosphorus And Nitrogen In Runoff, Bahman Eghball, John E. Gilley, David D. Baltensperger, J. M. Blumenthal

Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications

Long–term manure and fertilizer applications to a soil can increase phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) transport in runoff. This study was conducted to determine P and N transport in runoff following long–term (since 1953) manure and fertilizer applications. Duplicate soil samples (32) were collected in 1998 from the top 0.1 m of selected plots of a long–term manure and fertilizer applications field experiment and later placed in 1 m² soil pans in the laboratory. Manure and fertilizer were mixed with 16 of the soil samples, while no treatment was applied to the other half (long–term residual effect). Simulated rainfall …

Study Of The Trajectories Of Visually Guided Movement Of Unimanual And Bimanual Tasks, Deepthi Anand

Theses

Restitution of upper limb mobility following stroke is one of the major challenges facing clinicians in the country today. The complexity of performing skilled tasks with fine movements makes restitution of mobility all the more complex for rehabilitation specialists. Although several techniques have been evolved for, limited success with transfer of training from the clinical environment to functional performance clearly indicates a need for research and development in the area of upper extremity rehabilitation.

Bimanual coordination has recently surfaced as a novel and effective way to fast and lasting recovery. The success of bimanually coordinated training encourages a better understanding …

Thermochemistry Of Vinyl Alcohol And Vinyl Ether Radical And Kinetic Analysis Of Neopentyl Radical Reaction With Molecular Oxygen, Chol-Han Kim

Theses

Vinyl alcohols and ethers are important intermediates in low-temperature combustion processes, such as in the initial stages of combustion and in the atmospheric photochemical oxidation of hydrocarbons. Knowledge of the thermodynamic parameters for these species is central to understanding and predicting their reaction pathways, rate constants, and equilibrium constants. The rapid interconversion of conformers and the instability of vinyl alcohols and ethers lead to complexities in studies of these species.

In this work, enthalpy,ΔH°f 298, entropy, S°298, and heat capacities, Cp(T), are determined for vinyl alcohol and vinyl methyl ether and the radicals corresponding to loss of a H atom …

A Real Time Frequency Analysis Of The Electroencephalogram Using Labview, Rupal Patel

Theses

The use of the Electroencephalogram (EEG) for diagnosis of brain related diseases is becoming a popular technique in the clinical and research environment. To achieve accurate reading of EEG, signal representation and classification becomes extremely important. The goal of this project was to develop a basic software program for acquiring and online processing of the electrical activity recorded from the brain. A program was developed using the LabVIEW programming software by National Instruments. Basic hardware components recorded the EEG signal and a software component divided the data into delta, theta, alpha and beta bands in the frequency domain. Emphasis was …

An Infrared Device To Measure The Eyeblink For The Study Of Classical Conditioning, Alka Patel

Theses

The classically conditioned eyeblink response is studied by various groups to study neurological functions. This is a form of associative leaming that has many features to help diagnose and learn about neurological diseases. Electromyogram traditionally is used to detect eyeblinks for this experimentation in human. However, EMG can be expensive and difficult to use. It involves the utilization of electrodes and produces only an indirect measure of eyelid closure. The goal of the project was to develop an infrared device to detect eyeblinks and replace the EMG. The project involved two major components, a hardware and a software component. The …

Immobilization Of Pseudomonas Cepacia Lipase By Sol-Gel Entrapment And Its Application In The Hydrolysis Of Soybean Oil, Hossein Noureddini, X Gao, S Joshi, P R. Wagner

Papers in Biomaterials

The immobilization of Lipase PS from Pseudomonas cepacia by entrapment within a chemically inert hydrophobic sol-gel support was studied. The gel-entrapped lipase was prepared by the hydrolysis of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) with methyltrimeth-oxysilane (MTMS), isobutyltrimethoxysilane (iso-BTMS), and n-butyltrimethoxysilane. The immobilized lipase was subsequently used in the hydrolysis of soybean oil to determine its activity, recyclability, and thermostability. The biocatalyst so prepared was equal to or better than the free enzyme in its hydrolytic activity. The catalytic activity of the entrapped lipase strongly depended on the type of precursor that was used in its preparation. The lipase entrapped within TMOS/iso-BTMS showed the …

A Window-Based Software For Fatigue Crack Growth Data Reduction, B. Keeton, Tarun Goswami

Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering Faculty Publications

The objective of this research is to develop a Windows-based program to present the fatigue crack growth rate and mode I stress intensity factor range data. Microsoft Visual Basic was used to write the code. The program developed in this study calls out the input data in terms of crack length (α) and the number of cycles (Ν). Secant and seven point polynomial distribution was used to fit the data. The installation procedure for the program was copied onto a disk to install the program. Future work is needed to further modify the a-N data and therefore to present da/dN-ΔΚ …

Dwell Sensitivity Behavior And Modeling, E. Pyburn, Tarun Goswami

Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering Faculty Publications

Since engineering materials are exposed to dwell-times in service, it is important to understand the effects of dwell times on the fatigue life. The mechanisms controlling deformation and failure under dwell conditions are in terms of metallographic damage namely; transgranular fracture, intergranular fracture, mixed intergranular transgranular fracture modes, surface striated damage, creep damage and oxidation. These mechanisms are very difficult to include in a quantitative model to predict the dwell sensitivity behavior of high temperature materials. Published creep-fatigue data were compiled from various sources for a number of materials such as copper alloys (NARloy-Z, AMZ1RC), steel alloys (9Cr-lMo), and nickel …

Failure Modes Of Biomedical Implants, Andrew Gratton, Bert Buford, Tarun Goswami, Dana Gaddykurten, Larry Suva

Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering Faculty Publications

The metallic biomaterials are very well known among various biomaterials. Stainless steel was used successfully as an implant material in the surgical field, then Vitallium, cobalt based alloys were used as implant materials. Titanium is the newest metallic biomaterial among three main metallic biomaterials, stainless steels, Co-based alloys and titanium alloys. These materials are used for the instrumentation replacing failed hard tissue, for example, artificial hip joints, artificial knee joints, bone plates, dental implants and in similar applications. Biocompatibility characteristics of titanium alloys make it the preferred choice for such applications, additional factors being light weight, excellent mechanical properties, corrosion …