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Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons™
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Articles 1 - 29 of 29
Full-Text Articles in Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Light Sheet Microscopy Incubation Design And Control Scheme, Venkatanathan Kidambi
Light Sheet Microscopy Incubation Design And Control Scheme, Venkatanathan Kidambi
Honors Scholar Theses
The focus of the following paper is the development of a light sheet or selective plane illumination microscopy (LSM / SPIM) platform to support long duration three dimensional imaging of various cells and tissues. This paper describes the complete design and fabrication process behind the prototype, including a definition of light sheet microscopy and its differences from confocal microscopy, as well as existing open source selective plane microscopy literature and designs. The complete engineering design process as applied to the microscope design is described in detail. Specifically, this paper will focus on the development of an incubation chamber for light …
Study Of Porosity Of Gelatin-Alginate Hydrogels To Model Brain Matter For Studying Traumatic Brain Injuries, Apolline Vincent
Study Of Porosity Of Gelatin-Alginate Hydrogels To Model Brain Matter For Studying Traumatic Brain Injuries, Apolline Vincent
Honors Scholar Theses
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) affect brain tissue and neuronal signaling, leading to many side effects including death. Research on TBIs is limited by the lack of accurate brain matter models to study the physiological and cellular reaction. Alginate-gelatin hydrogels have been designed and modified to mimic the mechanical properties of the brain to act as an accurate in vitro model. This Honors thesis aims to verify the porous microstructure of gelatin-alginate hydrogels through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to understand how gelatin and alginate affect the microstructure. I measured the pore sizes of each hydrogel using ImageJ, compared the average pore …
5-Axis Milling For Micro-Machining Of Implantable Flow Sensor, Devin Kot-Thompson
5-Axis Milling For Micro-Machining Of Implantable Flow Sensor, Devin Kot-Thompson
Honors Scholar Theses
5 axis milling is a manufacturing process utilizing CNC technology. It has been widely supported as an effective tool for micro machining throughout multiple industries. In medical manufacturing specifically, there is a large demand for high accuracy at the microscale level as the geometries of medical devices are often highly complex. 5-axis milling offers the means to develop such complex features including curved faces and steep walls. This thesis covers the conversion of a generic 3-axis milling machine into a 5-axis machine. Through testing, the modified device effectively demonstrated its ability to run 5-axis tool paths required for complex designs. …
Impact Of Angiogenic And Osteogenic Factors In The Presence Of Biodegradable Piezoelectric Films, Jayla Millender
Impact Of Angiogenic And Osteogenic Factors In The Presence Of Biodegradable Piezoelectric Films, Jayla Millender
Honors Scholar Theses
One of the most common causes of bone graft rejection is lack of a vascular network connecting the graft to the existing native tissue – allowing for nutrient flow. Under current grafting techniques, the existing blood vessel network in the patient slowly invades the implant in order to supply the injured site with its necessary nutrients. The purpose of this research is to determine if a synthetic bone graft with a stable microvascular network can be developed in vitro. I hypothesize that the use of indirect angiogenic factors such as sonic hedgehog homolog and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in combination with the …
Differential White Blood Cell Counting, Gregory Austin
Differential White Blood Cell Counting, Gregory Austin
Honors Scholar Theses
This thesis was completed with the goal of developing a model for the detection and differentiation of 8 different classes of white blood cells. Manual differential counting can be a time consuming and laborious task that would greatly be improved by an automated system. The model created in this project was to be used to automatically determine the number of each cell type in a sample, greatly reducing the need for manual counting. The model was produced using a convolutional neural network that utilized transfer learning from MobileNet_V2, an image recognition network produced by Google. After 20 epochs of training …
Wearable Blood Pressure Device For Detection Of Orthostatic Hypotension, Mariam Hafez
Wearable Blood Pressure Device For Detection Of Orthostatic Hypotension, Mariam Hafez
Honors Scholar Theses
Orthostatic hypotension may be described as an inevitable response from the body in the form of a drop in blood pressure after changing positions. This quick drop in blood pressure can cause a syncopal episode, often injuring victims. There are limitations in the currently used cuff-type blood pressure sensor, which is used in healthcare settings, in that it does not continuously measure blood pressure. This research project developed a wearable device that measures heart rate variability (HRV) to detect changes in blood pressure using the correlation between the two measurements. The instrumentation was developed and included a commercially available pulse …
Rapid Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing Platform For Direct Clinical Samples, Terrance Zhang
Rapid Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing Platform For Direct Clinical Samples, Terrance Zhang
Honors Scholar Theses
Infectious diseases and septicemia are two of the major causes of death in the U.S., necessitating rapid treatment of septic patients with proper, efficacious antibiotics. Unfortunately, the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria are continuously being aggravated by an abuse in antibiotic prescription at a clinical and agricultural level. It is known that antibiotic resistance evolves through the sequential accumulation of multiple mutations in bacteria, which is accentuated by prolonged exposure of bacteria to ineffective antibiotics when implementing traditional septicemia treatment. The goal of this project is to develop a novel, easy-to-use AST platform for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility profiling to …
Evaluating The Effects Of Muscle Force Production Strategies And Anterior Cruciate Ligament Forces (Strain) On Gait Patterns During Running, Amanda Astrologo
Evaluating The Effects Of Muscle Force Production Strategies And Anterior Cruciate Ligament Forces (Strain) On Gait Patterns During Running, Amanda Astrologo
Honors Scholar Theses
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are among the most common injuries experienced by athletes in the United States. Even after reconstruction surgery individuals have been known to develop complications much later in life, including long-term or permanent alterations to their gait, which may lead to early-onset knee osteoarthritis. This thesis work sought to define these alterations as they pertain specifically to running. Using results and parameters from previous studies, the goal of this study is to compare muscle force production strategies, as they relate to ACL force and strain, of injured and non-injured individuals. These values, muscle forces and ACL …
Hydrolytic Degradation Study Of Polyphosphazene-Plga Blends, Riley Blumenfield
Hydrolytic Degradation Study Of Polyphosphazene-Plga Blends, Riley Blumenfield
Honors Scholar Theses
The synthesis and in vitro degradation analysis of thin films of poly[(glycineethylglycinato)75(phenylphenoxy)25phosphazene] (PNGEG75PhPh25) and poly[(ethylphenylalanato)25(glycine- ethylglycinato)75phosphazene] (PNEPA25GEG75) blended with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) was conducted to determine the blends’ potential for use as scaffolding materials for tissue regeneration applications. The samples were synthesized with glycylglycine ethyl ester (GEG) acting as the primary substituent side group, with cosubstitution by phenylphenol (PhPh) and phenylalanine ethyl ester (EPA) to make the final product [1]. Blends of 25% polyphosphazene, 75% PLGA and 50% polyphosphazene, 50% PLGA were …
Mechanical Analysis Of In Vitro Tbi Models, Dana Hamed
Mechanical Analysis Of In Vitro Tbi Models, Dana Hamed
Honors Scholar Theses
This work details the damage done to cells when mechanically hit. The goal was to mechanically analyze in vitro traumatic brain injury (TBI) models. Parts were designed in SolidWorks to create the machine that is used to induce this damage on the cells. A force applicator that uses a 3D-printed micro-hammer to apply force on the brain cells that are being tested was created. Mechanical trauma experimentation was performed with the force applicator, while a high-speed camera recorded the damage, in order to analyze TBI models. Displacement along the scaffold can be tracked from multiple video frames. With these results, …
Development Of A Sonically Powered Biodegradable Nanogenerator For Bone Regeneration, Avi Patel
Development Of A Sonically Powered Biodegradable Nanogenerator For Bone Regeneration, Avi Patel
Honors Scholar Theses
Background: Reconstruction of bone fractures and defects remains a big challenge in orthopedic surgery. While regenerative engineering has advanced the field greatly using a combination of biomaterial scaffolds and stem cells, one matter of difficulty is inducing osteogenesis in these cells. Recent works have shown electricity’s ability to promote osteogenesis in stem cell lines when seeded in bone scaffolds; however, typical electrical stimulators are either (a) externally housed and require overcomplex percutaneous wires be connected to the implanted scaffold or (b) implanted non-degradable devices which contain toxic batteries and require invasive removal surgeries.
Objective: Here, we establish a biodegradable, piezoelectric …
Seeing Eye To Eye: A Machine Learning Approach To Automated Saccade Analysis, Maigh Attre
Seeing Eye To Eye: A Machine Learning Approach To Automated Saccade Analysis, Maigh Attre
Honors Scholar Theses
Abnormal ocular motility is a common manifestation of many underlying pathologies particularly those that are neurological. Dynamics of saccades, when the eye rapidly changes its point of fixation, have been characterized for many neurological disorders including concussions, traumatic brain injuries (TBI), and Parkinson’s disease. However, widespread saccade analysis for diagnostic and research purposes requires the recognition of certain eye movement parameters. Key information such as velocity and duration must be determined from data based on a wide set of patients’ characteristics that may range in eye shapes and iris, hair and skin pigmentation [36]. Previous work on saccade analysis has …
Distribution And Localization Of Novel Iodine Nanoparticles In The Human Glioma 1242 Growing In The Brains Of Mice, Benjamin Billings
Distribution And Localization Of Novel Iodine Nanoparticles In The Human Glioma 1242 Growing In The Brains Of Mice, Benjamin Billings
Honors Scholar Theses
Observing and designing the in vivo distribution and localization of therapeutic nanoparticles is an essential aspect of developing and understanding novel nanoparticle- based medical treatments. This study investigates novel PEGylated Iodine-based nanoparticles (INPs), an alternate composition to the more widely researched gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which may help avoid adverse effects associated with AuNPs, such as potential toxicity and skin discoloration, when used in similar applications. Determining the localization of the novel INPs within murine brains containing human glioma U-1242MG cells is critical in assisting the development of radiation dose enhancement therapy for this aggressive cancer. Radiation dose enhancement utilizes the …
Effect Of Silk-Based Hydrogel Topography On Intestinal Epithelial Cell Morphology And Wound Healing In Vitro, Marisa E. Boch
Effect Of Silk-Based Hydrogel Topography On Intestinal Epithelial Cell Morphology And Wound Healing In Vitro, Marisa E. Boch
Honors Scholar Theses
Recent advances in the field of biomaterials have suggested that cells cultured on substrates resembling the native tissue mechanical properties, matrix and growth factor composition, and topography can adopt phenotypes that more closely resemble the in vivo tissue compared to cells cultured on non-mimetic constructs. Understanding the effect of culture substrate on in vitro tissue formation is important for bioengineering applications that include mechanistic studies of healthy tissue function and development of disease models. In this work, Caco-2 adenocarcinoma cells were seeded on flat and crypt-like topographies of 3D-printed cytocompatible hydrogels derived from silk fibroin protein. Silk hydrogels were selected …
The Agile Approach In Pharmaceutical Software Development, Priyal Bhargava
The Agile Approach In Pharmaceutical Software Development, Priyal Bhargava
Honors Scholar Theses
The Agile development model is increasingly being adopted by the pharmaceutical industry for software development. Currently, there are several software projects under development by pharmaceutical companies that are using the Agile process. Other methodologies such as the Waterfall process, a traditional approach to project management, have evolved over time and been compared against the Agile method. Also there are conflicts of interest which should be taken into consideration when in a pharmaceutical setting such as abiding by FDA regulations. In addition, Agile’s sub-divisional approaches add to the versatility of how this iterative approach is applied in the pharmaceutical industry. The …
Patient-Derived Hydrogel As A Sacrificial Matrix For Efficient Cell Loading, Shalmli U. Joshi
Patient-Derived Hydrogel As A Sacrificial Matrix For Efficient Cell Loading, Shalmli U. Joshi
Honors Scholar Theses
The field of tissue engineering focuses on delivering patient-derived stem cells to the body through the use of degradable biomaterials, such as hydrogels, which are infused into engineered scaffolds. Hydrogels act as templates to support and guide cells towards the regeneration of new tissue. In this study, we introduce a completely intraoperative procedure for obtaining a fibrin hydrogel for tissue engineering applications. In the past, fibrin hydrogel has been commonly formed by combining fibrinogen protein with animal-derived thrombin. Instead, we have developed an automated, and therefore reproducible, protocol to isolate and form fibrin hydrogel without the use of animal-derived thrombin. …
Engineering A Fluorescent Protease Sensor For In Vivo Protein Detection, Thomas C. Kinard
Engineering A Fluorescent Protease Sensor For In Vivo Protein Detection, Thomas C. Kinard
Honors Scholar Theses
This report details the results of an ongoing project to engineer a mutant form of Red Fluorescent Protein (RFP) variant mCherry that acts as a real-time in vivo protease sensor. The sought-after mutant only becomes fluorescent when exposed to Tobacco Etch Virus (TEV) Protease, this system’s model protease. This will be accomplished via the insertion of the TEV Protease Recognition Site (TEV-PRS) in such a position that, before cleavage, will prevent the protein from folding to fluorescent conformation, but upon cleavage, will allow for fluorescent conformation to occur. The cylindrical structure of the protein, composed of beta-pleated sheets, contains “loops” …
Design Of Exercise Equipment For Wheelchair Users: A Case Study In Accessibility Standards, Kate Craddock Rescsanszky
Design Of Exercise Equipment For Wheelchair Users: A Case Study In Accessibility Standards, Kate Craddock Rescsanszky
Honors Scholar Theses
Engineers must consider a number of aspects of every project they work on. Accessibility is one aspect that presents a unique challenge. Rather than being based on absolute material parameters, accessibility is based on how people interact with technology and their built environment. Since 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act has been the predominant standard in accessibility because of its wide reach and legal mandate. In addition to the ADA, the ASTM and the Institute for Universal Design offer helpful guidelines for designing for accessibility. However, in addition to standards, guidelines, and recommendations, it is important to consult the intended …
Pulmonary Primary Blast Injuries, Moe Uddin
Pulmonary Primary Blast Injuries, Moe Uddin
Honors Scholar Theses
Primary underwater explosions are particularly dangerous because of the water properties relative to air, and the resulting pathologies presents difficulty in determining their etiologies. The whole body is affected by the blast wave and the survivor is considered a trauma patient. The exact mechanism of injury is not well understood. In the literature, there are inconsistencies between the explosive and the resulting outcome of the experimental animals. Primary lung blast injuries is the leading cause of mortality in underwater explosions and this explores the different pathologies, symptoms, and treatments that are currently available.
Design And Development Of Two Component Hydrogel Ejector For Three-Dimensional Cell Growth, Thomas Dunkle, Jessica Deschamps, Connie Dam
Design And Development Of Two Component Hydrogel Ejector For Three-Dimensional Cell Growth, Thomas Dunkle, Jessica Deschamps, Connie Dam
Honors Scholar Theses
Hydrogels are useful in wound healing, drug delivery, and tissue engineering applications, but the available methods of injecting them quickly and noninvasively are limited. The medical industry does not yet have access to an all-purpose device that can quickly synthesize hydrogels of different shapes and sizes. Many synthesis procedures that have been developed result in the formation of amorphous hydrogels. While generally useful, amorphous hydrogels exhibit limited capability in tissue engineering applications, especially due to their viscous properties. This endeavor aims to modulate the appropriate gelation parameters, optimize the injection process, and create a prototype that allows for the extrusion …
Design Of A Simple Device For Accurate Measurement Of Human Blood Viscosity In Oxygenated And Deoxygenated Conditions, Catherine E. Oliver, Jessica Hockla, Divya Kamireddi
Design Of A Simple Device For Accurate Measurement Of Human Blood Viscosity In Oxygenated And Deoxygenated Conditions, Catherine E. Oliver, Jessica Hockla, Divya Kamireddi
Honors Scholar Theses
The purpose of this research is to design, fabricate, and test a simple device that can accurately measure the viscosity of whole blood in both an oxygenated and a deoxygenated environment. The ideal device is easy to operate, inexpensive to fabricate, and is usable outside of a laboratory setting. The microfluidic rheometer presented here was fabricated using a wet chemical etching method. Using the channel dimensions, the known viscosity of a reference fluid, and the velocity of fluid flow of the sample and a reference fluid through the microchannels the unknown viscosity of a sample fluid is calculated.
Finite Element Analysis Of The Application Of Ultrasound-Generated Acoustic Radiation Force To Biomaterials, Nicole J. Piscopo
Finite Element Analysis Of The Application Of Ultrasound-Generated Acoustic Radiation Force To Biomaterials, Nicole J. Piscopo
Honors Scholar Theses
While most bone fractures can heal simply by being stabilized, others can take a longer time to rejoin or they could fail to merge back together completely. Numerous studies have shown the positive effects that ultrasonic therapy have had on delayed-union and non-union bone fracture repair but little is known as to what specific biological mechanisms are at play. Ultrasound may be a valuable tool for bone tissue regeneration at these fracture sites using a tissue engineering approach, however, more must be understood about its impact on stimulating tissues to heal before this can be a reality. For that reason, …
Modeling The Adaptive Immune Response To Mutation-Generated Antigens, Rory J. Geyer
Modeling The Adaptive Immune Response To Mutation-Generated Antigens, Rory J. Geyer
Honors Scholar Theses
Somatic mutations may drive tumorigenesis or lead to new, immunogenic epitopes (neoantigens). The immune system is thought to represses neoplastic growths through the recognition of neoantigens presented only by tumor cells. To study mutations as well as the immune response to mutation-generated antigens, we have created a conditional knockin mouse line with a gene encoding, 5’ to 3’, yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), ovalbumin (which is processed to the immunologically recognizable peptide, SIINFEKL), and cyan fluorescent protein (CFP), or, YFP-ovalbumin-CFP. A frame shift mutation has been created at the 5’ end of the ovalbumin gene, hence YFP should always be expressed, …
Senior Design Report: Workstation For Paige Librandi, Ana C. Groff
Senior Design Report: Workstation For Paige Librandi, Ana C. Groff
Honors Scholar Theses
The workstation senior design project is a wheelchair accessible, left-side desk. It is for the client, Paige Librandi, who has cerebral palsy and is left-hand dominant. The purpose of the desk is to provide multitasking features to create an efficient work space for Paige to work on. It aims to also increase her independence by incorporating tools that prevent items from falling off the floor where she can't retrieve them.
The workstation design has several features, including a rotating surface, sliding bookcase, and gliding platform. These tools provide simultaneous work spaces and storage in a small amount of space to …
Improved Tissue Caliper, Kenneth Ted-Luck Hung
Improved Tissue Caliper, Kenneth Ted-Luck Hung
Honors Scholar Theses
My honors thesis will be covering the work that I am doing for my senior design project. My senior design project involves building a tissue caliper for medical device company, Covidien. During medical research and development it is often necessary to measure and document the thickness of tissue samples and media (simulated tissue foam). A device known as a tissue caliper is currently used to perform such measurements. Our project requires us to design, build, calibrate, and validate an instrument, which will be capable of measuring sample thicknesses ranging from 0.10 to 1.00 inches with an accuracy of ± 0.005 …
Growth And Expression Of Halorhodopsin For Application In A Protein-Based Artificial Retina, Megan Ryan Gillespie
Growth And Expression Of Halorhodopsin For Application In A Protein-Based Artificial Retina, Megan Ryan Gillespie
Honors Scholar Theses
Halorhodopsin (HR), a light-activated chloride ion pump, demonstrates potential for use as the scaffolding in an artificial retina. Retinal implants are needed to restore vision to people afflicted with ophthalmic diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). A protein-based chloride ion-patch would be utilized by the eye to create an influx of chloride ions, similar to ion concentrations in healthy retinas during the conversion of light stimuli to electrochemical signals. This protein-based retinal prosthesis will directly stimulate the bipolar cells of the retina, replacing the function of damaged photoreceptor cells. Other alternative treatments for AMD and …
Electronic Circuit To Mimic The Neural Network For The Saccade Controller, Justin D. Morse
Electronic Circuit To Mimic The Neural Network For The Saccade Controller, Justin D. Morse
Honors Scholar Theses
The proposed device is an electronic circuit that mimics the neural network controlling fast eye movements, or saccades. The device simulates the signals produced by each neuronal population during the control of a horizontal saccade and allows for observing and recording. It will serve as a valuable teaching tool in the field of neural control. Furthermore, the device will have applications in the realm of diagnosing and properly treating brain injury. Finally, this device could be incorporated into a system for controlling the eye movements of a realistic, artificially intelligent robot.
The FitzHugh-Nagumo model of the action potential is used …
Near Infrared Imaging System, Barbara Adu-Baffour
Near Infrared Imaging System, Barbara Adu-Baffour
Honors Scholar Theses
This senior project is to design and fabricate a near infrared imaging system using laser diodes for imaging biological tissues. The device will have three major sections comprising the signal source, detection and data analysis sections.
In the source signal section, a circuit would be designed and built which will contain two laser diodes with different wavelengths (780nm and 830nm). Each of the two laser diodes will modulated at different frequencies to enable a spatial coding system. The detection section of the device will have an optical detector channel which will be designed to detect signals from all the laser …
E-Racer, Allison Meisner
E-Racer, Allison Meisner
Honors Scholar Theses
The E-Racer was made for a young boy with cerebral palsy. The client cannot use his legs and control in his left arm is very limited. The client's family expressed a desire for an electric go-kart, and also for the go-kart to resemble a "normal" go-kart. To that end, the E-Racer has been outfitted with both steering wheel and joystick modes so the client can choose which control system he would like to use depending on what he is comfortable with. The E-Racer is a stock go-kart which was modified in several key ways. The electronics were drastically modified to …