Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons^™

Biomechanical Investigation Of Complete And Partial Medial Collateral Ligament Injuries, Callahan Doughty

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is composed of two major components: the deep MCL (dMCL) and superficial MCL (sMCL). Recent indications have raised questions as to the validity of previous descriptions of the MCL’s role in knee stability. Despite the relative likelihood of partial injuries to the sMCL, as opposed to complete tears, the impact of these injuries remains largely misunderstood. This thesis set out to (1) interpret the roles of the sMCL and dMCL; and (2) investigate the effect of partial sMCL injuries on knee stability.

A joint motion simulator was used to determine the role of the dMCL …

Biomechanical Analysis Of Ligament Modelling Techniques And Femoral Component Malrotation Following Tka, Liam A. Montgomery

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Previous studies have demonstrated that satisfaction and revision rates following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are lower than those of comparable surgeries such as total hip replacements. A leading cause for these revisions is joint instability which may be due to improper ligament balancing or poorly aligned surgical implants. One of the methods used to investigate biomechanical forces and kinematics is computational modelling of the post-operative TKA knee.

A unique knee model was used to investigate the biomechanical and kinematic effects of ligament model complexity, as well as the effects of simulating ligament wrapping versus ignoring ligament wrapping. We then used …

The Use Of Ct To Assess Shoulder Kinematics And Measure Glenohumeral Arthrokinematics, Baraa Daher

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Recently, studies have started employing dynamic four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) imaging as a biomechanical assessment tool. These studies would benefit from the valuable work that has been done in the past using three-dimensional computed tomography (3DCT). Thus, a structured review was conducted to examine the extent and range of methods employing CT imaging to measure shoulder kinematics. The findings of the review were utilized to conduct a study that employed 4DCT imaging to measure glenohumeral joint congruency and arthrokinematics during internal rotation to the back in a population of healthy individuals. The results of this work show the importance of …

4dct Analysis Of In-Vivo Carpal Kinematics During Fem, Manisha R. Mistry

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

A consensus, detailed understanding of carpal kinematics remains elusive. 4-dimensional CT (4DCT) is a validated modality capable of accurately studying in-vivokinematic motion. The objective of this work is to quantify normal, in-vivo kinematic motion of the carpus through a flexion-extension arc of motion using 4DCT. Ten healthy, un-injured volunteers underwent a 4DCT scanning protocol through a complete arc of flexion-extension motion. Kinematic changes in motion were quantified using helical axis motion data for each carpal bone. Helical axes were compared between bones and statistical analysis performed using repeated-measures ANOVA to identify difference in kinematic motion between bones (p<0.05). The carpus can be divided into four main kinematic blocks: the distal carpal block, the proximal carpal block and individual scaphoid and trapezial blocks. This work supports an additional segmentation of the trapezium from the distal carpal row, which suggests some modulation between the scaphoid and distal carpal row.

4dct To Examine Carpal Motion, Sydney M. Robinson

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) is a novel imaging modality initially used in cardiac imaging but recently applied to the musculoskeletal system; although its methodology has been developed, it is still in its infancy as a powerful clinical tool. Currently, scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) tears, whose early symptoms are elucidated through dynamic movement, are diagnosed with static techniques that cannot visualize dynamic motion; hence, a tool is needed that is responsive and dynamic to visualize subtle abnormal carpal movements indicative of SLIL tears. It is hypothesized that 4DCT can visualize subtle dynamic carpal movements to define uninjured motion as well as …

In Vitro Analyses Of The Contributions Of The Hip Capsule To Joint Biomechanics, Emma Donnelly

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Optimal management of the hip capsule during arthroscopic surgery has not been established. The impact of incisions made to the capsule during minimally invasive procedures on joint biomechanics, and whether repair provides any benefit, continue to be debated. The effectiveness of capsular repair to restore native kinematics may be insufficient. Therefore, a better understanding of joint behavior during various capsule conditions is needed. A new robotic system was used to analyze the effect of progressive capsulotomy incision and repairs on the behavior of a normal hip within range of motion (ROM) limits with respect to the intact joint. Complete repairs …

Development Of An Active Finger Motion Simulator: With In-Vitro Assessments Of Tendon Loads And Joint Kinematics, Mohammad Haddara

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Musculoskeletal injuries of the finger far outnumber those of other joints, and while in-vitro motion simulators are useful for studying joint biomechanics and evaluating surgical repairs, considerably less simulator development has been reported for the finger compared to other joints. Replication of active musculoskeletal movement during in-vitro testing has been shown to be more representative of in-vivo motion patterns, and closed-loop motion controllers are the current state-of-the-art for in-vitro kinematics studies. However, an in-vitro motion simulator with closed-loop tendon load control and simultaneous tendon excursion control has not yet been reported for the finger. This thesis outlines the design and …

Markerless Radiostereogammetry Of The Shoulder Joint In Humans: Comparisons Of Scapulohumeral Kinematics Between Individuals With Healthy And Supraspinatus-Impaired Shoulders, Ashley N. Hannon

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The purpose of this collection of studies was to further develop the knowledge of shoulder motion in order to better understand joint function through direct measurement of 3D scapulohumeral joint kinematics using a technique of high accuracy. Markerless, bi-planar fluoroscopic radiostereometric analysis using a generic shoulder model was developed in this thesis, reducing the amount of radiation exposure to subjects. The studies compared kinematic data of the scapulohumeral joint in six degrees of freedom with a precise, in-vivo measuring technique. Data were collected on young and older healthy individuals, individuals with a torn supraspinatus and post-surgical intervention.

Although this generic …

The Effect Of Fixation Plate Length On Spinal Instability Following Anterior Cervical Plate Fixation For The Repair Of In Vitro Flexion-Distraction Injuries, Abdulaziz J. Al-Kuwari

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Abstract:

The Effect of Fixation Plate Length on Spinal Instability Following Anterior Cervical Plate Fixation for the Repair of in Vitro Flexion-Distraction Injuries

Introduction: Anterior cervical decompression and fusion with a plate (ACDFP) is a commonly performed treatment following a traumatic injury to the subaxial cervical spine. The purpose of the presented work was to determine the biomechanical effect of plate length on cervical spine kinematic stability following ACDFP stabilization for a simulated traumatic injury.

Methods: Eleven fresh-frozen cadaveric C5-C6 and C6-C7 motion segments were examined in this study. To assess kinematics, flexibility testing was performed on each specimen …

The Contact Mechanics And Kinematics Of Radial Head Implants, Hannah L. Shannon

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

A number of commercially available radial head (RH) implants are used for the management of RH fractures. The optimal shape of a RH implant to restore joint mechanics to the native state has not been established. This work compares radiocapitellar contact and kinematics for three implant designs as well as the native RH. These implants include an axisymmetric, a quasi-anatomic and a patient-specific design. When compared to the native RH, only the axisymmetric implant was significantly different in contact area (p=0.008). Active and passive forearm supination was assessed for differences in translations of the RH. Significant differences were found in …

Investigation Of In-Vivo Hindfoot And Orthotic Interactions Using Bi-Planar X-Ray Fluoroscopy, Kristen M. Bushey

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

A markerless RSA method was used to determine the effect of orthotics on the normal, pes planus and pes cavus populations. Computed tomography (CT) was used to create bone models that were imported into the virtual environment. Joint coordinate systems were developed to measure kinematic changes in the hindfoot during weight-bearing gait and quiet standing. The objectives of this thesis were to (1) implement a fluoroscopy-based markerless RSA system on the foot, (2) determine the effect of various orthotics at midstance of fully weight-bearing dynamic gait, and (3) determine the effect of orthotics as measured using three different techniques. Every …

Development Of An Active Elbow Motion Simulator And Coordinate Systems To Evaluate Kinematics In Multiple Positions, Louis M. Ferreira

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Elbow disorders are common as a consequence of both traumatic and degenerative conditions. Relative to disorders of the lower limb, there is comparatively little evidence to direct the treatment of many elbow disorders. Biomechanical studies are required to develop and validate the optimal treatment of elbow disorders prior to their application in patients. Clinically relevant simulation of elbow motion in the laboratory can be a powerful tool to advance our knowledge of elbow disorders. This work was undertaken with the rationale that simulation and quantification of elbow motion could be improved significantly. This treatise includes the development and evaluation of …