Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons^™

Determination Of Material Emission Signatures By Ptr-Ms And Their Correlations With Odor Assessments By Human Subjects, Kwanghoon Han

Kwanghoon Han

The objectives of this study were to determine volatile organic compound (VOC) emission signatures of nine typical building materials by using proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and to explore the correlation between the PTR-MS measurements and the measurements of acceptability by human subjects. VOC emissions from each material were measured in a 50-l small-scale chamber. Chamber air was sampled by PTR-MS to determine emission signatures. Sorbent tube sampling and TD-GC/MS analysis were also performed to identify the major VOCs emitted and to compare the resulting data with the PTR-MS emission signatures. The data on the acceptability of air quality assessed …

Homotopy Perturbation Algorithm Using Laplace Transformation, Mohammad Madani, Mahdi Fathizade

Mohammad Madani

In this paper, a combinatory method of the Laplace transform and the homotopy perturbation method is proposed to solve non-homogeneous partial differential equations with variable coefficients. The obtained approximate solutions are compared with exact solutions and those obtained by other analytical methods, showing reliability of the present method.

Microstructural Characteristics Of Functionally Graded Materials Designed As Dental Post, Ahmed A. Madfa

Ahmed A. Madfa

To study the interfaces and microstructure of multilayered materials fabricated based on functionally graded concept for use as dental posts.

New Generation Of The Dental Posts For Endodontic Application., Ahmed A. Madfa

Ahmed A. Madfa

Fabricated multilayer dental post with the functionally graded design is a novel product that exhibits graded properties varied from coronal to apical parts of the tooth. The new dental post definitely performs better than posts available in the market and improves the quality of human life

The Variational Iteration Method Which Should Be Followed, Ji-Huan He, Guo-Cheng Wu, F. Austin

Ji-Huan He

This paper proposes three standard variational iteration algorithms for solving differential equations, integro-differential equations, fractional differential equations, fractal differential equations, differential-difference equations and fractional/fractal differential-difference equations. The physical interpretations of the fractional calculus and the fractal derivative are given and an application to discrete lattice equations is discussed. The paper then examines the acceleration of some iteration formulae with particular emphasis being placed on the exponential Padé approximant that is suggested for solitary solutions and the sinusoidal Padé approximant that is usually used for periodic and compacton solutions. The paper points out that there may not be any physical meaning …

Model Omnibus Privacy Statute, Sam S. Han Ph.D.

Sam Han

One of today’s major concerns is how easily digital information can be copied and disseminated. Thus, when one’s private information becomes publicly available in digital format, that information can be readily duplicated and distributed across the globe within seconds. If the disseminated information includes credit card numbers or Social Security numbers, then there is a heightened exposure to identity theft and a host of other privacy-related crimes.

Given the existence of such a digital landmine, laws have been promulgated for various sectors (e.g., financial, healthcare, government, etc.) to protect personally-identifiable information. However, due to differing needs of the various sectors, …

Lai - Introduction To Continuum Mechanics نسخه اصلی کتاب مکانیک محیط پیوسته ویرایش چهارم, Dr Alireza Zolfaghari

Dr Alireza Zolfaghari

No abstract provided.

Musculoskeletal Modeling: How It Began, What It Offers, And Where It Is Heading, A. Seth, Jeffrey A. Reinbolt, S. L. Delp

Jeffrey A. Reinbolt

No abstract provided.

Mechanical Advantage Of Crouch Gait, Jeffrey A. Reinbolt, A. Seth, J. L. Hicks, S. L. Delp

Jeffrey A. Reinbolt

No abstract provided.

Periodic And Dynamic 3-D Gold Nanoparticle− Dna Network Structures For Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy-Based Quantification, Kyuwan Lee

Kyuwan Lee

The enhancement factor of gold nanoparticles linked by DNA in a three-dimensional (3-D) network structure was evaluated as 1.12 × 107 and shown to be greater than a two-dimensional (2-D) array by a factor of 10, possibly due to the dimensional expansion of resonance and periodicity of the so formed structures. Uniform and higher level of enhancement was possible from these DNA linked gold nanoparticle networks because of the matching of the resonant condition and the excitation wavelength (785 nm) to enable dynamic quantification of analytes by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The structure was first validated by obtaining a SERS …

Mechanisms Of Improved Knee Flexion After Rectus Femoris Transfer Surgery, M. D. Fox, Jeffrey A. Reinbolt, J. A. Ounpuu, S. L. Delp

Jeffrey A. Reinbolt

No abstract provided.

Emerging Challenges In Multiscale Modeling In Biology, R. Kerckhoffs, J. Bassingthwaighte, Jeffrey A. Reinbolt, P. Arzberger

Jeffrey A. Reinbolt

No abstract provided.

Soliton Perturbation, Ji-Huan He

Ji-Huan He

Glossary Soliton A soliton is a nonlinear pulse-like wave that can exist in some nonlinear systems. The isolated wave can propagate without dispersing its energy over a large region of space; collision of two solitons leads to unchanged forms, solitons also exhibit particlelike properties. Soliton perturbation theory The soliton perturbation theory is used to study the solitons that are governed by the various nonlinear equations in presence of the perturbation terms. Homotopy perturbation method The homotopy perturbationmethod is a useful tool to the search for solitons without the requirement of presence of small perturbations. In this method, a homotopy is …

Solitons And Compactons, Ji-Huan He, Shun-Dong Zhu

Ji-Huan He

Article Outline Glossary Definition of the Subject Introduction Solitons Compactons Generalized Solitons and Compacton-like Solutions Future Directions Cross References Bibliography Glossary Soliton A soliton is a stable pulse-like wave that can exist in some nonlinear systems. The soliton, after a collision with another soliton, eventually emerges unscathed. Compacton A compacton is a special solitary traveling wave that, unlike a soliton, does not have exponential tails. Generalized soliton A generalized soliton is a soliton with some free parameters. Generally a generalized soliton can be expressed by exponential functions. 8458 S Solitons and Compactons Compacton-like solution A compcton-like solution is a special …

Effect Of Filler Incorporation On The Fracture Toughness Properties Of Denture Base Poly(Methyl Methacrylate), Nidal Elshereksi

Nidal Elshereksi

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is the material of choice for denture base construction. In spite of its many good qualities, the application of PMMA as an ideal dental base material is still restricted by a few limitations. One of these is the difficulty in achieving intrinsic radiopacity in the material. The aim of the present study is to investigate the possibility of using barium titanate (BaTiO3) as a radiopacifier in PMMA. The formulation used in this study composed of PMMA 89.5 wt%, BaTiO3 10 wt% and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) 0.5 wt% as an initiator, methyl methacrylate (MMA) 90 wt% as a …

Effect Of Filler Incorporation On The Fracture Toughness Properties Of Denture Base Poly(Methyl Methacrylate), Nidal Elshereksi

Nidal Elshereksi

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is the material of choice for denture base construction. In spite of its many good qualities, the application of PMMA as an ideal dental base material is still restricted by a few limitations. One of these is the difficulty in achieving intrinsic radiopacity in the material. The aim of the present study is to investigate the possibility of using barium titanate (BaTiO3) as a radiopacifier in PMMA. The formulation used in this study composed of PMMA 89.5 wt%, BaTiO3 10 wt% and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) 0.5 wt% as an initiator, methyl methacrylate (MMA) 90 wt% as a …

Fabrication Of The Soft Insert (Soft Socket) From Polyethylene Foam (Pelite), Hossein Gholizadeh

Hossein Gholizadeh

No abstract provided.

Predicting Outcomes Of Rectus Femoris Transfer Surgery, Jeffrey A. Reinbolt, M. D. Fox, M. H. Schwartz, S. L. Delp

Jeffrey A. Reinbolt

Rectus femoris transfer surgery is a common treatment for stiff knee gait in children with cerebral palsy. Unfortunately, the improvement in knee motion after surgery is inconsistent. There is great interest in understanding the causes of stiff knee gait and determining predictors of improved knee motion after surgery. This study demonstrates that it is possible to predict whether or not a patient’s kneemotion will improve following rectus femoris transfer surgery with greater than 80% accuracy. A predictive model was developed that requires only a few preoperative gait analysis measurements, already collected as a routine part of treatment planning. Our examination …

Multiscale Modeling In Computational Biomechanics: Determining Computational Priorities And Addressing Current Challenges, M. Tawhai, J. Bischoff, D. Einstein, A. Erdemir, T. Guess, Jeffrey A. Reinbolt

Jeffrey A. Reinbolt

doi: 10.1109/MEMB.2009.932489

Limitations Of Parallel Global Optimization For Large-Scale Human Movement Problems, B. I. Koh, Jeffrey A. Reinbolt, A. D. George, R. T. Haftka, B. J. Fregly

Jeffrey A. Reinbolt

Global optimization algorithms (e.g., simulated annealing, genetic, and particle swarm) have been gaining popularity in biomechanics research, in part due to advances in parallel computing. To date, such algorithms have only been applied to small- or medium-scale optimization problems (<100 design vari- ables). This study evaluates the applicability of a parallel particle swarm global optimization algorithm to large-scale human movement problems. The evaluation was performed using two large-scale (660 design variables) optimization problems that utilized a dynamic, 27 degree-of-freedom, full-body gait model to predict new gait motions from a nominal gait motion. Both cost functions minimized a quantity that reduced the external knee adduction torque. The first one minimized footpath errors corresponding to an increased toe out angle of 15◦ , while the second one minimized the knee adduction torque directly without changing the footpath. Constraints on allowable changes in trunk orientation, joint angles, joint torques, centers of pressure, and ground reactions were handled using a penalty method. For both prob- lems, a single run with a gradient-based nonlinear least squares algorithm found a significantly better solution than did 10 runs with the global particle swarm algorithm. Due to the penalty terms, the physi- cally realistic gradient-based solutions were located within a narrow “channel” in design space that was difficult to enter without gradient information. Researchers should exercise caution when extrapolating the performance of parallel global optimizers to human movement problems with hundreds of design variables, especially when penalty terms are included in the cost function.

doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2008.09.010

Mechanisms Of Improved Knee Flexion After Rectus Femoris Transfer Surgery, M. D. Fox, Jeffrey A. Reinbolt, S. Ounpuu, S. L. Delp

Jeffrey A. Reinbolt

Rectus femoris transfer is frequently performed to treat stiff-knee gait in subjects with cerebral palsy. In this surgery, the distal tendon is released from the patella and re-attached to one of several sites, such as the sartorius or the iliotibial band. Surgical outcomes vary, and the mechanisms by which the surgery improves knee motion are unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify the mechanism by which the transferred muscle improves knee flexion by examining three types of transfers. Muscle-actuated dynamic simulations were created of ten children diagnosed with cerebral palsy and stiff-knee gait. These simulations were altered to …

Mechanisms Of Improved Knee Flexion After Rectus Femoris Transfer Surgery, M. D. Fox, Jeffrey A. Reinbolt, S. Ounpuu, S. L. Delp

Jeffrey A. Reinbolt

No abstract provided.

Multiscale Modeling And Simulation: From Molecules To Cells To Organisms, J. -C. Liao, Jeffrey A. Reinbolt, R. Kerckhoffs, A. Michailova, P. Arzberger

Jeffrey A. Reinbolt

No abstract provided.

Biomimic Fabrication Of Electrospun Nanofibers With High-Throughput, Ji-Huan He, Yong Liu, Lan Xu, Jian-Yong Yu, Gang Sun

Ji-Huan He

Spider-spun fiber is of extraordinary strength and toughness comparable to those of electrospun fiber, the later needs a very high voltage (from several thousands voltage to several ten thousands voltages) applied to water-soluble protein “soup” that was produced by a spider, furthermore, its mechanical strength dramatically decreases comparable to spider silk. A possible mechanism in spider-spinning process is given, the distinct character in spider-spinning is that its spinneret consists of millions of nano scale tubes, and a bubble can be produced at the apex of each nano-tube. The surface tension of each bubble is extremely small such that it can …

Max-Min Approach To Nonlinear Oscillators, Ji-Huan He

Ji-Huan He

This paper suggests a novel method called max-min method. Maximal and minimal solution thresholds of a nonlinear problem can be easily found, and an approximate solution of the nonlinear equation can be easily deduced using He Chengtian’s interpolation, which has millennia history. Application of the method to nonlinear oscillators is systematically illustrated, illustrating examples show the present technology is very convenient and effective

Comment On ‘He’S Frequency Formulation For Nonlinear Oscillators’, Ji-Huan He

Ji-Huan He

Geng and Cai suggested a modified He’s frequency–amplitude formulation for nonlinear oscillators (Geng and Cai 2007 Eur. J. Phys. 28 923–31). We point out the accuracy of both the original one and the modified version depends upon the chosen location point, and so far we have no general rule for the location choice. The method of weighted residuals is suggested to overcome the shortcoming.

An Improved Amplitude-Frequency Formulation For Nonlinear Oscillators, Ji-Huan He

Ji-Huan He

A brief introduction to amplitude-frequency formulae for nonlinear oscillators is given, an improved one is suggested

Controlling Numbers And Sizes Of Beads In Electrospun Nanofibers, Yong Liu, Ji-Huan He, Jian-Yong Yu, Hong-Mei Zeng

Ji-Huan He

Abstract BACKGROUND: Electrospinning is a powerful and effective method to produce nanofibers. Beads have been observed widely in electrospun products, but effects of solvents, weight concentrations and salt additives on the number and morphology of beads in the electrospinning process have not been systematically studied. RESULTS: Both theoretical analysis and experimental results show that beads strongly depend upon solvents, weight concentrations and salt additives. Either a suitable weight concentration or a suitable salt additive can completely prevent the occurrence of beads in the electrospinning process; solvents can affect the number of beads and the morphology of electrospun fibers. CONCLUSION: Beads …

Geometrical Approach To Length-Biomass Allometry In Predominantly Bidimensional Seaweeds, Ji-Huan He

Ji-Huan He

Scosati studied experimentally length-biomass allometry in primary producers (vascular plants and unicellular microalgae), and found the allometric exponent (0.5, 95% confidence) differs significantly from the “universal” value, 0.25 suggested by Niklas and Enquist. Here, a geometrical similarity is proposed to elucidate Scosati’s findings.

A New Resistance Formulation For Carbon Nanotubes, Ji-Huan He

Ji-Huan He

A new resistance formulation for carbon nanotubes is suggested using fractal approach. The new formulation is also valid for other nonmetal conductors including nerve fibers, conductive polymers, and molecular wires. Our theoretical prediction agrees well with experimental observation.