Automotive Engineering Commons^™

Numerical Study Of Flow Characteristics Around A 30° Yawed Circular Cylinder At R E = 10 4, Ran Wang, Shaohong Cheng, David S.K. Ting

Mechanical, Automotive & Materials Engineering Publications

Unstable motions of bridge stay cables have been observed on site and in wind tunnel tests when a cable is yawed at certain orientations to wind. To uncover the underlying mechanisms, flow around a circular cylinder at a yaw angle of 30° has been numerically analyzed in the current study using delayed detached eddy simulation (DDES) at R e = 10 4 . A comparison with the reference normal flow case indicates the presence of a more coherent span-wise flow structure when the cylinder is yawed at 30°. The application of proper orthogonal decomposition further reveals that at this orientation, …

Thermal Modelling Of A Passive Style Net-Zero Greenhouse In Alberta: The Effect Of Ground Parameters And The Solar To Air Fraction, Oselen J. Imafidon, David S.K. Ting, Rupp Carriveau

Mechanical, Automotive & Materials Engineering Publications

Agricultural greenhouses can provide a suitable microclimate for crops to thrive under extreme weather conditions. The operations of these greenhouses are expensive due to the energy requirement of the active thermal conditioning systems required to maintain the growing environment for crop production. Engineering of these greenhouses to utilize clean renewable energy sources is critical and necessary to mitigate their carbon footprint, paving the way to a more sustainable agricultural industry. This paper presents numerical modelling of a net-zero passive solar greenhouse in Alberta, Canada with winter temperatures below freezing. The indoor microclimate of the greenhouse is modelled using the detailed …

Parametric Automobile And Open-Jet Wind Tunnel Models And Their Application To Improved Drag Coefficient Corrections, Matthew Fujs

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The simulation of automotive wind tunnel flow around a vehicle typically relies on the use of simplified models due to the complex, and often proprietary geometries of real test configurations. Current simplified models achieve a low computational cost in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) but fall short at qualitatively capturing a modern vehicle’s complex geometry due to being overly abstract; other models are more accurate but offer only discrete dimensional configurations. The first part of this thesis describes new parametric models for both vehicles and open-jet wind tunnels which aim to represent widely varying geometries through continuous dimensional variability, while remaining …

Machine Learning Approach To Investigate Ev Battery Characteristics, Shayan Falahatdoost

Major Papers

The main factor influencing an electric vehicle’s range is its battery. Battery electric vehicles experience driving range reduction in low temperatures. This range reduction results from the heating demand for the cabin and recuperation limits by the braking system. Due to the lack of an internal combustion engine-style heat source, electric vehicles' heating system demands a significant amount of energy. This energy is supplied by the battery and results in driving range reduction. Moreover, Due to the battery's low temperature in cold weather, the charging process through recuperation is limited. This limitation of recuperation is caused by the low reaction …

Developing Takeover Request Warning System To Improve Takeover Time And Post-Takeover Performance In Level 3 Automated Drivin, Niloy Talukder

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The automotive industry is shifting towards partial (level 3) or fully automated vehicles. An important research question in level 3 automated driving is how quickly drivers can take over the vehicle control in response to a critical event. In this regard, this study develops an integrated takeover request (TOR) system which provides visual and auditorial TOR warning in both vehicle interface and personal portable device (e.g., tablet). The study also evaluated the effectiveness of the integrated TOR system in reducing the takeover time and improving post-takeover performance. For these purposes, 44 drivers participated in the driving simulator experiment where they …

Numerical Prediction Of The Impact Response Of Tailored 1500 Mpa And 2000 Mpa Press Hardening Boron Steel, Joseph Guignard

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis investigates the response of 1500 MPa and 2000 MPa press hardening steel (PHS) in a dynamic crushing scenario. The work involves creating numerical models to simulate tailored channel sections. The zones of different hardness are created using the tailored hot stamping process (THS), where a heated die set is used to quench an austenitized blank to produce parts with zones of differentiating hardness.

The 1500 MPa PHS was quenched using a die heated to different temperatures to produce a range of microstructures (225 HV to 473 HV) as well as the 2000 MPa PHS (297 HV to 574 …

Redesign And Benchmarking Of Electric Vehicle Batteries For Demanufacturing For Secondary Life Applications In The Circular Economy, Abhay Singh Rathaur

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

As per the latest records, the transportation sector is the second largest in energy consumption and plays a major role in air pollution and co2 emission. One solution to curb this pollution and release of hazardous gases is li-ion batteries by electrifying the vehicles. However, these batteries have one factor over here: once EV batteries reach 70-80% charge holding capacity, they are not good enough for traction in the vehicle. Therefore, replacing these batteries with a new ones is necessary. However, these discarded batteries have enough charge holding capacity, which can be used in secondary applications called second- …

Effects On Vehicle Ride Comfort Of An Adaptive Suspension System Using Neural Networks, Sylvia Yin Zhixian

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Suspension systems in the auto industry have always been a topic of interest, as they relate to so many aspects of vehicles. Various types of suspension are commonly used now, such as passive suspensions, semi-active suspensions and active suspensions. However, the current technology mainly focuses on the change of damping ratio. The aim of this thesis is to consider both spring and damper properties for suspensions of an off-road vehicle. In order to do this, a 10-degree of freedom model was built using the EoM software in Julia. The output state space matrices from EoM were used as an input …

Bake-Hardening Of Aluminum Alloys For Automotive Applications: Influence Of Temperature, Time And Pre-Strain Parameters, Giorgio Rolle

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

An experimental evaluation of the effect of bake hardening on aluminum alloys for automotive lightweight applications is developed through tensile tests and dent tests. All the alloys belong to the 6xxx series and include high formability alloys, improved hemming types and improved bake response alloys. An experimental matrix which contains different time-temperature baking conditions is built, and two pre-strain conditions are considered: no pre-strain and 2% pre-strain. A suitable testing phase is designed to be as much representative as possible of the actual manufacturing process of an automotive panel. After a data analysis phase performed by means of MATLAB software, …

Enabler Methodology To Use A Dynamic Simulator To Develop Global Vehicles, Manuella Maria Aleci

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The international car manufacturer Stellantis designs and produces vehicles for fourteen brands. Some brand characteristics satisfy both the European and North American market (e.g., Jeep), while others primarily target one market or the other. Efforts have been made recently to harmonize design and development processes within the global company. The cornerstone of this project is the subjective assessment procedure performed on the dynamic driving simulator, a newly developed technology that reduces time and cost during the development phase of a new car model. The technology can be used prior to the production of physical prototypes, allowing the assessment of handling …

Analysis Of Combustion In Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (Peo) Coatings Of The Piston Surface In Spark Ignition Engines, Brendon Bain

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

With the global effort to “green” the transportation industry, the internal combustion engine (ICE) is required to reduce its carbon footprint and can do so by increasing efficiency. Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) coatings confer properties of high wear and corrosion resistance, high hardness, excellent adhesion and a superior thermal barrier to their substrate, suggesting that coating of ICE components has the potential to greatly improve the combustion efficiency. The primary objective of this thesis is to analyze the effects of PEO coating on the surface of pistons in a spark ignition ICE, with the goal of increasing efficiency, to address …

Numerical Study Of The Impact Of Dme Blending On Emissions From A Compression Ignition Engine, Hongwei Lei

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

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Compression ignition (CI) engines and diesel fuel are commonly used for long-distance transportation, marine transportation, and construction equipment due to their high thermal efficiency and relatively low cost. Meanwhile, compression ignition (CI) engine emissions such as CO, NOx, and soot cause human health issues, climate change, and pollution problems. To reduce emissions, especially by restraining the formation of soot, some new energy resources are researched for replacing diesel fuel.

Dimethyl ether (DME) is one kind of new energy resource with four main advantages: high cetane number, low auto-ignition temperature, simple chemical structure, and high oxygen content. A wide range …

Efficient Design Of Integrated Underbody And Battery Pack For Battery Electric Vehicles, Gabriele Rosso

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Climate change and the consequent more restrictive regulations are pushing the industry towards higher efficiency and lower emissions means of transport. The road transport sector is deeply affected, leading the main Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) to start the transition to alternative powertrains, among which Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) are the faster-growing.

The large, heavy, and safety-critical battery pack asks for a specific optimized solution for a lightweight and high-performance vehicle platform.

In this research, a first benchmarking analysis is presented to study the current state-of-the-art for BEV underbody and battery pack designs. Following this investigation, a classification scheme was designed …

Mixed Reality Application For Inspection And Validation In Industrial Environments: Human Performance And Brain-Computer Interface Advantages Over Gestures, Silvio Da Col

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Shortening product development cycles demand increasingly efficient methods and tools for the planning of complex production systems. Recently, augmented reality (AR) technologies have been introduced in manufacturing planning functions. Working in augmented environments, users usually select virtual objects with hand gestures that are associated with arm fatigue.

In the first study, a mixed reality (MR) application for inspection and validation of a production line has been developed. The application allows to show the virtual environment in Augmented/Mixed Reality, and it allows to import three-dimensional (3D) CAD with information and structure in a specific position. The application makes the user interacting …

Quantification Of Velocity At The Sparkplug In A Lab Scale Combustion Chamber, Mayur Panduranga Kodikal

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Lean burn has been considered an effective strategy to improve the thermal efficiency of spark-ignition engines. Under lean or diluted conditions, however, the combustion speed is reduced. Therefore, to speed up the combustion, in-cylinder turbulence is induced which may impede the spark initiation. This research aims to quantify the turbulence in a constant volume optical combustion chamber.

An Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (IDDES) study was done to understand the turbulence characteristics of the flow in the optical chamber. Spark anemometry was used to obtain a relationship between the spark plasma evolution and freestream velocity. Finally, this technique has been …

Subjective Evaluation Of Vehicle Semi-Active Suspension For Improved Ride And Handling, Zachery Sinasac

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The number of passenger cars currently equipped with semi-active suspensions has been steadily increasing in recent decades. These suspension systems provide an improvement in ride and handling when compared to passive suspensions. Currently, the approach to evaluating and tuning semi-active suspensions has been limited to objective methods or time-consuming alterations made on physical components. To alleviate the time and costs and improve the fidelity of such methods, a novel solution to subjectively evaluating vehicle semi-active suspensions is presented. The subjective evaluation method herein involves the use of a state-of-the-art dynamic driving simulator with drivers to subjectively evaluate and tune virtual …

The Impact Of High Voltage Electrode Diameter On Spark Discharge Process, Jiaming Zhang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The ever-growing demands to meet the exhaust emission regulations and fuel economy requirements, drive the development of modern spark ignition (SI) engines towards lean or diluted conditions at boosted intake pressure and with intensified charge motions. Boosted in-cylinder pressure conditions require additional energy to initiate the spark discharge, thereby challenging the ignition system. Additionally, the geometry of the spark plug has a profound influence on the spark discharge characteristics. The main objective of this research is to study the impact of high voltage electrode diameter on breakdown voltage and equivalent spark gap resistance at elevated background pressures (1-25 bar abs.). …

Correlation Between Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Press-Hardenable Steels For Various Quenching Rates, Radha Thakkar

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Manufacturing structural automotive components by hot stamping advanced high strength steel sheets with tailored mechanical properties helps to reduce vehicle weight and improve crashworthiness. The purpose of this research work is to establish a relationship between the die temperature in hot stamping, the corresponding as-quenched microstructural features and mechanical properties. A series of experiments were carried out in which 1.4 mm 22MnB5 and 1.4 mm 37MnB4 steel sheet specimens were austenitized to 930°C and quenched between dies preheated to different temperatures. The mechanical properties were determined from tensile tests and hardness measurements and the corresponding microstructures were analyzed. It was …

Interfacial Heat Transfer In Squeeze Casting Of Cast Al Alloy A380 And Mg Alloy Az91 And Wrought Alloy Az31, Luyang Ren

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The weight reduction of vehicles and airplanes in the automotive and aerospace industries is urgently needed due to the government regulation and market demand. To satisfy engineering performance of lightweight auto and aero components, high strength light alloys such as aluminum (Al) or magnesium (Mg) alloys are usually adopted. This study was intended to explore a solution for casting high strength cast and wrought Al and Mg alloys. Before light alloys can be utilized for mass production, critical processing parameters need to be accurately determined. The interfacial heat transfer coefficient is one of the most important factors in casting processes. …

Evaluation Of Vegetable Oil-Sourced Lubricants For Transition To Green Alternative At Sustainable Energy Solutions For Automotive Industry, Figen Balo, Lutfa S. Sua

Thriving Through Climate Change and Pandemic 2021

In recent decades, the rising energy needs has concluded in much more lubricant usage. Lubricants play a significant part in decreasing the friction and wear among bustling superficies. They are among the greatest drivers of oil need. The ecological affects arising from the direct petroleum-based lubricants’ entry requires the implementation of bio-sourced lubricants as a perfect option to petroleum-derived lubricants. The bio-sourced lubricants’ primary resources are oils derived from plants. There are numerous compatibilities between petroleum-based lubricants and triglycerides from the view point of physical and chemical features. Because of their non-food competition, less expense, and simple usability, vegetable-sourced oils …

Dynamic Modelling Of Building Envelope On Energy Usage, Oselen J. Imafidon, David S-K Ting

Thriving Through Climate Change and Pandemic 2021

This study investigates the influence of the building envelope on the energy usage of a chosen building using the simulation program TRNSYS. The building located at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada is a small building retroffited as part of the Natural Resources Canada’s Prefabricated Exterior Energy Retrofit (PEER) project. The project's aim is to develop prefabricated technologies to be used for retroffiting existing building envelopes of homes in Canada. The thermal resistance (RSI) of the existing walls were improved from 1.80 m2K/W to about 6.40 m2K/W after installation of the prefarbricated retrofit wall system. Analytical verification of the whole building performance …

Effect Of Yaw Angle On Flow Structure And Cross-Flow Force Around A Circular Cylinder, Ran Wang, Shaohong Cheng, David S.K. Ting

Mechanical, Automotive & Materials Engineering Publications

Flow around an inclined circular cylinder at yaw angles of α = 0°, 30°, 45°, and 60° has been numerically studied using the delayed detached eddy simulation at a Reynolds number of 1.4 × 104. Periodic boundary conditions are utilized to minimize the end effect. The focus is to explore the effect of yaw angle on the flow structure and the spatial distribution of the cross-flow forces. For the normal flow case, the modulation of the span-wise averaged lift force coefficient is found to be related to the unstable shear layer. For the inclined cases, contours of the sectional lift …

Fan Performance Scaling With Inlet Distortions, J. J. Defoe, E. Etemadi, D. K. Hall

Mechanical, Automotive & Materials Engineering Publications

Applications such as boundary-layer-ingesting fans, and compressors in turboprop engines require continuous operation with distorted inflow. A low-speed axial fan with incompressible flow is studied in this paper. The objectives are to (1) identify the physical mechanisms which govern the fan response to inflow distortions and (2) determine how fan performance scales as the type and severity of inlet distortion varies at the design flow coefficient. A distributed source term approach to modeling the rotor and stator blade rows is used in numerical simulations in this paper. The model does not include viscous losses so that changes in diffusion factor …

Assessment Of The Automotive Stirling Engine, David A. Lawn

Major Papers

The most tantalizing possibility of realizing the efficiency of the 'theoretical' Stirling thermodynamic cycle applied through a practical automotive engine has led to several attempts to develop such a power unit not long after the conclusion of the second world war. These efforts became much more accelerated and of greater interest in the late1970's. With the development of newer exotic alloys and polymers to meet a number of demands and mainly driven by the aerospace and computer hardware industries, never before seen advances have been made achieving stronger, less costly and ease of manufacturing to once difficult and with that …