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Articles 481 - 510 of 610
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Event-Based Visual-Inertial Odometry On A Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, Kaleb J. Nelson
Event-Based Visual-Inertial Odometry On A Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, Kaleb J. Nelson
Theses and Dissertations
Event-based cameras are a new type of visual sensor that operate under a unique paradigm. These cameras provide asynchronous data on the log-level changes in light intensity for individual pixels, independent of other pixels' measurements. Through the hardware-level approach to change detection, these cameras can achieve microsecond fidelity, millisecond latency, ultra-wide dynamic range, and all with very low power requirements. The advantages provided by event-based cameras make them excellent candidates for visual odometry (VO) for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) navigation. This document presents the research and implementation of an event-based visual inertial odometry (EVIO) pipeline, which estimates a vehicle's 6-degrees-of-freedom …
Uranium Dioxide Actinide Detection Device Support Design For Space Applications, Jennifer N. Ramos
Uranium Dioxide Actinide Detection Device Support Design For Space Applications, Jennifer N. Ramos
Theses and Dissertations
Attention concerning the proliferation of nuclear weapons and materials has generated many research initiatives to detect, identify, and locate radiation emitted by actinides. In support of this effort, the `Fission Induced Neutron Detection of Nuclear Materials' (FIND'NM) program was established to comprise a joint effort to explore this issue. The objective also co-extends the Air Force Research Laboratory uranium dioxide (UO2) detection sample growth, characterization, and electrical interface research. AFIT's study accomplishes the design and fabrication of a space-tolerant PCB to support a UO2-based neutron detector. Further design considerations are made with the expectation of the platform to be inside …
Unresolved Object Detection Using Synthetic Data Generation And Artificial Neural Networks, Yong U. Sinn
Unresolved Object Detection Using Synthetic Data Generation And Artificial Neural Networks, Yong U. Sinn
Theses and Dissertations
This research presents and solves constrained real-world problems of using synthetic data to train artificial neural networks (ANNs) to detect unresolved moving objects in wide field of view (WFOV) electro-optical/infrared (EO/IR) satellite motion imagery. Objectives include demonstrating the use of the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) Sensor and Scene Emulation Tool (ASSET) as an effective tool for generating EO/IR motion imagery representative of real WFOV sensors and describing the ANN architectures, training, and testing results obtained. Deep learning using a 3-D convolutional neural network (3D ConvNet), long short term memory (LSTM) network, and U-Net are used to solve the …
3-D Multifunctional Sensors Fabricated On Fiber Tips Using A Two-Photon Polymerization Process, Jonathan W. Smith
3-D Multifunctional Sensors Fabricated On Fiber Tips Using A Two-Photon Polymerization Process, Jonathan W. Smith
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis conducts research involving designing, fabricating, and testing optical fiber tip refractive index sensors. The fabrication process used for these sensors is a two-photon polymerization process utilizing a photo sensitive polymer. Unlike planar lithography, this fabrication process allows the creation of arbitrary shapes with a great degree of freedom. Three different fiber tip sensors were fabricated and tested. The first is a flat surfaced single cavity Fabry-Pérot interferometer (FPI) device, the second is a flat surfaced double cavity FPI device, and the final is a confocal surfaced double cavity FPI device. These sensors are tested for thermal radiation and …
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed Waveform Effects On Passive Bistatic Radar, Forrest D. Taylor
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed Waveform Effects On Passive Bistatic Radar, Forrest D. Taylor
Theses and Dissertations
Communication waveforms act as signals of opportunity for passive radars. However, these signals of opportunity suffer from range-Doppler processing losses due to their high range sidelobes and pulse-diverse waveform aspects. Signals such as the long term evolution (LTE) encode information within the phase and amplitude of the waveform. This research explores aspects of the LTE, such as the encoding scheme and bandwidth modes on passive bistatic Doppler radar. Signal space-time adaptive processing (STAP) performance is evaluated and parameters are compared with the signal to interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) metric.
Multi-Sensor Data Fusion Between Radio Tomographic Imaging And Noise Radar, Christopher Vergara
Multi-Sensor Data Fusion Between Radio Tomographic Imaging And Noise Radar, Christopher Vergara
Theses and Dissertations
The lack of situational awareness within an operational environment is a problem that carries high risk and expensive consequences. Radio Tomographic Imaging (RTI) and noise radar are two proven technologies capable of through-wall imaging and foliage penetration. The intent of this thesis is to provide a proof of concept for the fusion of data from RTI and noise radar. The output of this thesis will consist of a performance comparison between the two technologies followed by the derivation of a fusion technique to produce a single image. Proposals have been made for the integration of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar with …
Physical Layer Discrimination Of Electronic Control Units Using Wired Signal Distinct Native Attribute (Ws-Dnda), Rahn M. Lassiter
Physical Layer Discrimination Of Electronic Control Units Using Wired Signal Distinct Native Attribute (Ws-Dnda), Rahn M. Lassiter
Theses and Dissertations
The Controller Area Network (CAN) bus is a communication system used in automobiles to connect the electronic components required for critical vehicle operations. These components are called Electronic Control Units (ECU) and each one exercises one or more functions within the vehicle. ECUs can provide autonomous safety features and increased comfort to drivers but these advancements may come at the expense of vehicle security. Researchers have shown that the CAN bus can be hacked by compromising authorized ECUs or by physically connecting unauthorized devices to the bus. Physical layer (PHY) device fingerprinting has emerged as one of the accepted approaches …
A Mems Dual Vertical Electrometer And Electric Field-Mill, George C. Underwood
A Mems Dual Vertical Electrometer And Electric Field-Mill, George C. Underwood
Theses and Dissertations
Presented is the first iteration of a Microelectromechanical System (MEMS) dual vertical electrometer and electric field-mill (EFM). The device uses a resonating structure as a variable capacitor that converts the presence of a charge or field into an electric signal. Previous MEMS electrometers are lateral electrometers with laterally spaced electrodes that resonate tangentially with respect to each other. Vertical electrometers, as the name suggests, have vertically spaced electrodes that resonate transversely with respect to each other. The non-tangential movement reduces damping in the system. Both types demonstrate comparable performance, but the vertical electrometer does so at a fraction of the …
Confirmation Bias Estimation From Electroencephalography With Machine Learning, Micah Villarreal
Confirmation Bias Estimation From Electroencephalography With Machine Learning, Micah Villarreal
Theses and Dissertations
Cognitive biases are known to plague human decision making and can have disastrous effects in the fast-paced environments of military operators. Traditionally, behavioral methods are employed to measure the level of bias in a decision. However, these measures can be hindered by a multitude of subjective factors and cannot be collected in real-time. This work investigates enhancing the current measures of estimating confirmation bias with additional behavior patterns and physiological variables to explore the viability of real-time bias detection. Confirmation bias in decisions is estimated by modeling the relationship between Electroencephalography (EEG) signals and behavioral data using machine learning methods.
Limited-Duty-Cycle Satellite Formation Control Via Differential Drag, Talon A. Townley
Limited-Duty-Cycle Satellite Formation Control Via Differential Drag, Talon A. Townley
Theses and Dissertations
As CubeSat formation flying missions relying on differential drag control become increasingly common, additional missions based on this control must be studied. A mission planning tool is investigated to control the relative spacing of a CubeSat formation where differential drag is the sole control mechanism. System performance is investigated under varying perturbations and a range of system parameters, including limiting the control duty cycle. Optimal solutions based on using a pseudo spectral numerical solver, GPOPS-II, to minimize maneuver time. This study includes the development of a mission planning tool to work with the modeled CubeSat mission to calculate optimal maneuvers …
Assessing Artificial Agent Response Time Effects On Human-Agent Teams In Variable Inter-Arrival Time Environments, David J. Canzonetta
Assessing Artificial Agent Response Time Effects On Human-Agent Teams In Variable Inter-Arrival Time Environments, David J. Canzonetta
Theses and Dissertations
Autonomous systems have gained an expanded presence within the Department of Defense (DoD). Furthermore, the DoD has clearly stated autonomous systems must extend the capabilities of their human operators. Thus, the exploration of strategies for effective pairing of humans and automation supports this vision. Previous research demonstrated that the time at which an automated agent assumes a task for its human teammate, or agent response time (ART), affects human-agent team performance, human engagement, and human workload. However, in this research environment, the time between subsequent tasks appearing to the human-agent team, or inter-arrival time (IAT), remained constant. Variable IAT environments …
Scaling Film Cooling Adiabatic Effectiveness With Mass Transfer And Thermal Experimental Techniques, Luke J. Mcnamara
Scaling Film Cooling Adiabatic Effectiveness With Mass Transfer And Thermal Experimental Techniques, Luke J. Mcnamara
Theses and Dissertations
With increasing engine temperatures, it is becoming more important to design effective film cooling schemes. Low temperature, large scale tests are often implemented in the design process to reduce cost and complexity. A nondimensional adiabatic effectiveness can be used as an indication of the performance of a film cooling scheme. However, the coolant flow rate must be properly scaled between the low temperature tests and engine temperatures to accurately predict film cooling effectiveness. This process is complicated by gas property variation with temperature. Tests are commonly conducted using thermal measurement techniques with infrared thermography (IR), but the use of pressure …
Search And Rescue Operations Forecasting And Optimization, Zachary T. Hornberger
Search And Rescue Operations Forecasting And Optimization, Zachary T. Hornberger
Theses and Dissertations
United States Coast Guard District 14 is responsible for the execution of eleven statutory missions across the Pacific region. Despite having the largest geographic area of responsibility (AOR), District 14 has command of among the fewest resources to accomplish these missions. When search and rescue (SAR) emergencies occur, these events take immediate priority because the ability to rapidly coordinate available assets can be the difference between saving or losing a life. Using historic records of SAR incidents for District 14, we leverage an approach called the stochastic zonal distribution model to evaluate spatiotemporal trends in emergency rates and response strategies …
Direct Numerical Simulation Of Roughness Induced Hypersonic Boundary Layer Transition On A 7° Half-Angle Cone, Tara E. Crouch
Direct Numerical Simulation Of Roughness Induced Hypersonic Boundary Layer Transition On A 7° Half-Angle Cone, Tara E. Crouch
Theses and Dissertations
Direct numerical simulation (DNS) computational fluid dynamic (CFD) calculations were performed on a 30° slice of 7° half-angle cones with increasing nose radii bluntness at Mach 10 while simulating a distributed roughness pattern on the cone surface. These DNS computations were designed to determine if the non-modal transition behavior observed in testing performed at the Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) Hypervelocity Wind Tunnel 9 was induced via distributed surface roughness. When boundary layer transition is dominated by second mode instabilities, an increase in nose radius delays the transition location downstream. However, blunt nose experiments indicated that as the nose radius …
Initial Stage Of Fluid-Structure Interaction Of A Celestial Icosahedron Shaped Vacuum Lighter Than Air Vehicle, Dustin P. Graves
Initial Stage Of Fluid-Structure Interaction Of A Celestial Icosahedron Shaped Vacuum Lighter Than Air Vehicle, Dustin P. Graves
Theses and Dissertations
The analysis of a celestial icosahedron geometry is considered as a potential design for a Vacuum Lighter than Air Vehicle (VLTAV). The goal of the analysis is ultimately to understand the initial fluid-structure interaction of the VLTAV and the surrounding airflow. Up to this point, previous research analyzed the celestial icosahedron VLTAV in relation to withstanding a symmetric sea-level pressure applied to the membrane of the structure. This scenario simulates an internal vacuum being applied in the worst-case atmospheric environmental condition. The next step in analysis is to determine the aerodynamic effects of the geometry. The experimental setup for obtaining …
Flow Behavior In Radial Rotating Detonation Engines, Scott A. Boller
Flow Behavior In Radial Rotating Detonation Engines, Scott A. Boller
Theses and Dissertations
Recent progress has been made in demonstrating Radial Rotating Detonation Engine (RRDE) technology for use in a compact Auxiliary Power Unit with a rapid response time. Investigation of RRDEs also suggests an increase in stable operating range, which is hypothesized to be due to the additional degree of freedom in the radial direction which the detonation wave can propagate. This investigation seeks to determine if the detonation wave is in fact changing its radial location. High speed photography was used to capture chemiluminescence of the detonation wave within the channel to examine its radial location, which was found to vary …
Creep Of Nextel 720/Alumina Ceramic Matrix Composite With Diamond-Drilled Effusion Holes At 1200°C In Air And In Steam, Megan L. Harkins
Creep Of Nextel 720/Alumina Ceramic Matrix Composite With Diamond-Drilled Effusion Holes At 1200°C In Air And In Steam, Megan L. Harkins
Theses and Dissertations
A recent study evaluated tensile stress-strain and tensile creep behavior of an oxide-oxide composite (Nextel™720/alumina) with laser-drilled effusion holes at 1200°C. It was determined that the presence of laser-drilled holes degraded the mechanical properties and performance of the CMC as a result of damage caused to the composite microstructure by the laser drilling process. Based on these results, the present effort sought to assess the effects of diamond-drilled holes on the mechanical behavior of this CMC. Tensile properties of the N720/A composite at 1200°C in laboratory air were unaffected by the presence of an array of 17 diamond-drilled effusion holes. …
Wall Model Large Eddy Simulation Of A Diffusing Serpentine Inlet Duct, Ryan J. Thompson
Wall Model Large Eddy Simulation Of A Diffusing Serpentine Inlet Duct, Ryan J. Thompson
Theses and Dissertations
The modeling focus on serpentine inlet ducts (S-duct), as with any inlet, is to quantify the total pressure recovery and ow distortion after the inlet, which directly impacts the performance of a turbine engine fed by the inlet. Accurate prediction of S-duct ow has yet to be achieved amongst the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) community to improve the reliance on modeling reducing costly testing. While direct numerical simulation of the turbulent ow in an S-duct is too cost prohibitive due to grid scaling with Reynolds number, wall-modeled large eddy simulation (WM-LES) serves as a tractable alternative. US3D, a hypersonic research …
The Impacts Of Using Augmented Reality To Support Aircraft Maintenance, Terry R. Hebert Jr.
The Impacts Of Using Augmented Reality To Support Aircraft Maintenance, Terry R. Hebert Jr.
Theses and Dissertations
The United States Air Force (USAF) expends significant resources to address the rise in aviation mishaps derived from an overworked, understaffed maintenance community, and high operational environment. Currently, paper-based technical orders (T.O.) are utilized by maintainers to accomplish aircraft inspections, servicing, and maintenance tasks. As technology advances, many civilian agencies have begun to leverage augmented reality (AR) to improve organizational proficiency. This research seeks to identify if the inclusion of AR within aircraft maintenance will positively or negatively affect maintenance task accuracy and completion time. A single variable randomized complete block design (RCBD), within-subject design of experiment (DOE) asses the …
Exploratory Analysis Of The Potential Use Of Augmented Reality In Aircraft Maintenance, Richard B. Keesling
Exploratory Analysis Of The Potential Use Of Augmented Reality In Aircraft Maintenance, Richard B. Keesling
Theses and Dissertations
During the last decade manpower constraints and an aging fleet, along with sustained war time operating tempo, have combined to place a significant strain on the Air Force maintenance community. Recent technological advances have enabled Immersive Technology to be applied to industrial applications in the commercial sector. This has sparked interest within the Air Force and generated various initiatives seeking to enhance readiness through the application of Immersive Technology. This research explores how Immersive Technology can be applied within the maintenance community. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to determine where the maintenance community shortfalls exist, if the available technology has the …
Influence Of Leading Edge Oscillatory Blowing On Time-Accurate Dynamic Store Separation, Ryan G. Saunders
Influence Of Leading Edge Oscillatory Blowing On Time-Accurate Dynamic Store Separation, Ryan G. Saunders
Theses and Dissertations
The primary objective of this research is to support the static and dynamic characterization and the time-accurate dynamic load data acquisition of store separation from a cavity with leading edge oscillatory blowing. Developing an understanding of, and potentially controlling, pitch bifurcation of a store release is a motivation for this research. The apparatus and data acquisition system was used in a two-part experiment to collect both static and dynamic testing data in the AFIT low speed wind tunnel in speeds of 60, 100, and 120 mph, from Reynolds numbers varying from 5.5x104 to 4.6x105, depending on reference …
Examining The Drivers Of C-130j Maintenance Requirements Through Multiple Regression Analysis, Andrew V. Gill
Examining The Drivers Of C-130j Maintenance Requirements Through Multiple Regression Analysis, Andrew V. Gill
Theses and Dissertations
As a result of increasing system complexity and cost, new aircraft acquisition, upgrade and repair timelines continue to lengthen. As a result, aircraft are kept in service longer than originally intended. Therefore, age-related wear continues to play a large part in determining mission-capable status, and therefore, aircraft availability (AA) rates. Combined with decreasing fleet sizes and manpower resource pools, each aircraft declared not mission capable (NMC) exerts an out-sized influence upon fleet AA rates. This research used multiple regression analysis to identify and quantify the effects of age, Major Command (MAJCOM) and operating location ambient weather on unscheduled not mission …
The Evaluation Of High Molecular Weight Methacrylate As A Treatment Option For Shrinkage Cracks In Airfield Pavement, Austin R. Hayes
The Evaluation Of High Molecular Weight Methacrylate As A Treatment Option For Shrinkage Cracks In Airfield Pavement, Austin R. Hayes
Theses and Dissertations
Air Force policy dictates that only epoxy can be used as a treatment option for shrinkage cracks in concrete airfield pavement. However, since epoxy is not ideal for shrinkage cracks, this research focuses on the evaluation of high molecular weight methacrylate (HMWM) as a treatment option. Laboratory experiments were performed on four sealants to determine whether they could penetrate a crack 24 inches deep, bond to the concrete, and resist water intrusion. Three HMWMs (TK-2415, Kwik Bond KBP 103, and Castek Transpo T-70) and one epoxy (TK-2110) were assessed. The four sealers were applied to 32 concrete specimens with crack …
Investigation Of Endwall Vortex Manipulation In High Lift Turbines Caused By Active Endwall Forcing, Horatio J. Babcock
Investigation Of Endwall Vortex Manipulation In High Lift Turbines Caused By Active Endwall Forcing, Horatio J. Babcock
Theses and Dissertations
With the increased demand for lighter, more fuel efficient and smaller gas turbine engines, the impetus to reduce the weight and size of the turbine has become apparent. One approach to reduce this weight is to reduce the number of blades in the turbine. However, to maintain power output, each blade must be capable of supporting a greater amount of lift. While several high-lift turbine profiles have been detailed in literature, most of these profiles have increased endwall losses, despite their desirable mid-span characteristics. To mitigate this endwall loss, a number of active and passive flow approaches have been studied …
Multi-Path Automatic Ground Collision Avoidance System For Performance Limited Aircraft With Flight Tests: Project Have Medusa, Kenneth C. Gahan
Multi-Path Automatic Ground Collision Avoidance System For Performance Limited Aircraft With Flight Tests: Project Have Medusa, Kenneth C. Gahan
Theses and Dissertations
A multi-path automatic ground collision avoidance system (Auto-GCAS) for performance limited aircraft was further developed and improved to prevent controlled flight into terrain. This research includes flight test results from the United States Test Pilot School's Test Management Project (TMP) titled Have Multi-Path Escape Decisions Using Sophisticated Algorithms (MEDUSA). Currently, the bomber and mobility air- craft communities lack an Auto-GCAS. The F-16 Auto-GCAS was proven successful for fighter-type aircraft with seven aircraft and eight lives saved from 2014 to 2018. The newly developed and tested Rapidly Selectable Escape Trajectory (RSET) sys- tem included a 5-path implementation which continuously updated at …
Schlieren Imaging And Flow Analysis On A Cone/Flare Model In The Afrl Mach 6 Ludwieg Tube Facility, David A. Labuda
Schlieren Imaging And Flow Analysis On A Cone/Flare Model In The Afrl Mach 6 Ludwieg Tube Facility, David A. Labuda
Theses and Dissertations
High-speed Schlieren photography was utilized to visualize flow in the Air Force Research Laboratory Mach 6 Ludwieg tube facility. A 7° half-angle cone/flare model with variable nosetip radius and flare angle options was used in the study. Testing was performed at two driver tube pressures, generating freestream Reynolds numbers of 10.0x106 and 19.8x106 per meter. The variable-angle flare portion of the model provided a method for adjusting the intensity of the adverse pressure gradient at the cone/flare junction. As expected from existing literature, boundary layer separation along the cone frustum occurred further upstream as the magnitude of the …
Tracking Shock Movement On The Surface Of An Oscillating, Straked Semispan Delta Wing, Justin A. Pung
Tracking Shock Movement On The Surface Of An Oscillating, Straked Semispan Delta Wing, Justin A. Pung
Theses and Dissertations
A recent research effort, sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, numerically investigated the unsteady aerodynamic flow field around an oscillating, straked, delta wing. The study was centered on determining the importance of the unsteady aerodynamic forces acting as a driver for a nonlinear motion known as limit cycle oscillations. The current effort focused on creating a computational model to compare to the results of previous tests and modeling efforts and discover new information regarding the onset of LCO. The computational model was constructed using the Cartesian overset capabilities of the CREATE-AV™ fixed wing fluid dynamics solver Kestrel. …
Sheet Velocity Measurements Using Laser Absorption Spectroscopy In A Xenon Hall Effect Thruster Plume, Avery W. Leonard
Sheet Velocity Measurements Using Laser Absorption Spectroscopy In A Xenon Hall Effect Thruster Plume, Avery W. Leonard
Theses and Dissertations
A new laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS) velocimetry system, designed to obtain 2D planar velocity fields for ionized Xenon in the plume of a Hall effect thruster by probing the transition of Xe II at 834.72 nm, was implemented at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) Space Propulsion Analysis and System Simulator (SPASS) Lab vacuum chamber. A single horizontal laser sheet was used to probe singly-ionized Xenon in the plume of a Busek BHT-600 Hall thruster and obtain a histogram of estimated axial velocity, to validate the system. Similar velocities to those obtained by an earlier intrusive characterization of the …
Manufacture Of Fused Deposition Modeling Joints Using Ultem 9085, Zane A. Willburn
Manufacture Of Fused Deposition Modeling Joints Using Ultem 9085, Zane A. Willburn
Theses and Dissertations
The manufacture of joints between a base structure and a structure manufactured via Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) will be investigated. ULTEM 9085, a high temperature plastic with potential aerospace applications, will be the material used. The specific application this research is focused on is a robotic and mobile FDM printer capable of building structures onto other structures in space. A joint will be formed by fusing the base layer of the printed structure and the top of the base structure together. Tensile testing will be performed to determine the strength of the bond between parts. Tensile specimens will be manufactured …
Tactical Missile Performance For Single And Multi-Wire Embedded Propellant Configurations With Discontinuities, Paul B. Wilson
Tactical Missile Performance For Single And Multi-Wire Embedded Propellant Configurations With Discontinuities, Paul B. Wilson
Theses and Dissertations
This research analyzes the performance of a nominal air-to-air tactical missile with varying configurations of wire-embedded end-burning solid propellant grains. Single and multi-wire models are developed to determine if total impulse and range is improved. Discontinuities in the wires are simulated to determine if gaps in the wire will affect overall performance. Five wire materials, seven wire diameters, and nine different break locations are tested. This research demonstrates wire discontinuities have negligible impact on performance and carbon nanotube fibers can theoretically improve total impulse by up to 25% compared to radially burning boost-phase grains while providing similar thrust outputs.