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Thermocapillary Effects In Driven Dewetting And Self-Assembly Of Pulsed Laser-Irradiated Metallic Films, Mikhail Khenner

Mathematics Faculty Publications

A mathematical model for the evolution of pulsed laser-irradiated, molten metallic films has been developed using the lubrication theory. The heat transfer problem that incorporates the absorbed heat from a single laser beam or the interfering laser beams is solved analytically. Using this temperature field, we derive the 3D long-wave evolution PDE for the film height. To get insights into dynamics of dewetting, we study the 2D version of the evolution equation by means of a linear stability analysis and by numerical simulations. The stabilizing and destabilizing effects of various system parameters, such as the reflectivity, the peak laser beam …

Thermocapillary Effects In Driven Dewetting And Self-Assembly Of Pulsed Laser-Irradiated Metallic Films, Mikhail Khenner

Mikhail Khenner

A mathematical model for the evolution of pulsed laser-irradiated, molten metallic films has been developed using the lubrication theory. The heat transfer problem that incorporates the absorbed heat from a single laser beam or the interfering laser beams is solved analytically. Using this temperature field, we derive the 3D long-wave evolution PDE for the film height. To get insights into dynamics of dewetting, we study the 2D version of the evolution equation by means of a linear stability analysis and by numerical simulations. The stabilizing and destabilizing effects of various system parameters, such as the reflectivity, the peak laser beam …

2009 - The Fourteenth Annual Symposium Of Student Scholars

Symposium of Student Scholars Program Books

The full program book from the Fourteenth Annual Symposium of Student Scholars, held on April 13, 2009. Includes abstracts from the presentations and posters.

Temperature Effect On Hydrogen Production From Reactions Between Ethanol And Steam In The Presence Of Pd-Ru/Nb2o5-Tio2 Catalyst, Nadia Regina C. Fernandes-Machado, Christian Gonçalves Alonso, Andréia C. Furtado Onélia Aparecida Andreo Dos Santos, Maurício Pereira Cantão

Bioenergy - II: Fuels and Chemicals from Renewable Resources

The concern regarding the environment, especially with gases emission by burning fossil fuels, and the increase of energy demand have influenced the development of cleaner and more efficient technologies for energy generation. In this context, studies involving hydrogen and fuel cells are remarkable among future technologies due to its great commercial potential and high energetic efficiency of the process. Theoretically speaking, hydrogen production from biomass or liquids derived from biomass such as ethanol can be considered a carbon emission free process since all the carbon dioxide produced can be recycled by the plants using sun power [1]. Obtaining hydrogen from …

Photosynthetic – Fermentative Fuel Cell Used In A Biofuel Processing Facility, Erin E. Powell, G.A. Hill, R.W. Evitts, J. C. Bolster

Bioenergy - II: Fuels and Chemicals from Renewable Resources

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Fuels And Chemicals From Biomass And Waste, Esben Taarning

Bioenergy - II: Fuels and Chemicals from Renewable Resources

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Hybrid Staged Thermolysis To Valorise Biomass, Paul J. De Wild

Bioenergy - II: Fuels and Chemicals from Renewable Resources

The need for a renewable ‘green’ chemistry is adamant because of the adverse effects of the increasing use of fossil fuels on our society, like global warming and the depletion of fossil fuel resources. Therefore, the use of ligno-cellulosic (woody) types of biomass as a renewable source for chemicals and energy is increasingly becoming important. Unfortunately, the heterogeneity of biomass presents a major obstacle to chemical utilization. The main constituents hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin are strongly interconnected by a variety of physico-chemical bonds that makes it difficult to extract individual chemicals in high yields. So an efficient and cost-effective fractionation …

Combustion Of Pyrolysis 'Bio-Oils' In A Tunnel Furnace, Fernando Preto, Irene Coyle, Joe Wong, Frank Zhang

Bioenergy - II: Fuels and Chemicals from Renewable Resources

A test program has been carried out in a pilot-scale (2.5 GJ/h) tunnel furnace to evaluate potential emission levels from combustion of various biomass pyrolysis oil 'cuts'. Two pyrolysis oil cuts were tested: a “whole” oil and a “premium” high moisture (30% H2O) oil, both supplied by Ensyn. A CETC-O designed external mixing air-assisted atomising nozzle originally designed for coal liquid mixtures was used. The oils were preheated to 48 – 52°C. The atomizing air was not preheated and main combustion air preheat was varied from ambient to 120°C. Under steady state operation both pyrolysis oil cuts were found to …

Hydrogen Production By Aqueous-Phase Reforming, Lucía García, Ana Valiente, José Antonio Medrano, Miriam Oliva, Joaquín Ruiz, Jesús Arauzo

Bioenergy - II: Fuels and Chemicals from Renewable Resources

Nowadays, there is a great interest in hydrogen production because of its chemical uses in industry and its utilization as a clean fuel in high energetic efficiency systems like fuel cells. At present, fossil fuels (natural gas, naphtha, coal …) are the main feedstock for hydrogen production, but they have the inconvenience of a net increase of CO2 emissions and other environmental problems. The use of different types of biomass, among them waste streams, should be considered.

In the present work, aqueous-phase reforming (APR) process will be studied. The APR process has some advantages in comparison to the current steam …

Production Of Ethylic Biodiesel From Hydrolysis And Esterification Of Acid Animal Fat, Jose Geraldo Pacheco, Ligia Martinelli, Jadson P. A. Silva, Luiz Stragevitch, Donato Aranda

Bioenergy - II: Fuels and Chemicals from Renewable Resources

Biodiesel is a fuel derived from the oils and fats of plants and animals. Some vegetable oils after extraction and seed storing may have high acidity due to the conversion of triglycerides into free faty acids. Transesterification of high acidic oils with basic catalyst will form a large amount of soap as residue. The objective of this work is to study hydrolysis of tallow fats estherification free fatty acids followed by estherification of free fatty acids with ethanol using homogeneous catalyst. Tallow fat was hydrolyzed by enzyme lipase extracted from Ricinius Communs seeds. Estherification was done in a pressurizes reactor, …

Transtersterfication Of Jatropha Curcas Oil Radiated With The Microwave, Zahira Yaakob, Irwan S. Sukarman, Faizal Mohamed

Bioenergy - II: Fuels and Chemicals from Renewable Resources

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Production Of Biodiesel From Waste Oil Via Catalytic Distillation, Flora T. T. Ng, Zhiwen Qi, Yuanqing Liu, Blaise Pinaud, Peter Rehbein, Garry L. Rempel

Bioenergy - II: Fuels and Chemicals from Renewable Resources

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The Impact Of Storage Conditions On The Forest Biomass Quality For Biofuels Production, Denilson Da Silva Perez, Jerome Moreau, Alain Berthelot, Audrey Guillemain, Francis De Morogues, Michel Petit-Conil

Bioenergy - II: Fuels and Chemicals from Renewable Resources

Biomass quality is an essential parameter for the production of biofuels both by thermal ways (gasification, pyrolysis, torrefaction, etc) or biochemical ways (enzymatic hydrolysis and yeast saccharification). Storage is one of the most important parameters to be taken in account in the logistics chains of biomass supply for biofuel conversion sites. Morever, some benefits in terms of biomass quality can be obtained by storing biomass prior transportation or usage. In this case, storage can be considered as a pre-treatment of biomass for biofuel production.

In this project, we have studied the evolution of biomass quality of different wooden resources (softwoods …

Liquefaction Of Wood Particles By Using Pyrolytic Oil, Mehmet H. Alma

Bioenergy - II: Fuels and Chemicals from Renewable Resources

In this study, Scots pine wood (P. sylvestris L.) particles were liquefied into pyrolytic oil, which was provided from pyrolysis of the same wood species, at various temperatures under pressure. The results showed that the wood particles could easily be liquefied with different fractions of pyrolytic oil at a variety of temperatures and times. The highest yield of liquefied wood oil (about 98%) was determined at 250 ºC for 150 min for the heavy fraction of pyrolytic oil obtained at a temperature of 550 ºC with the highest amount of phenolic fraction. The heating value of the liquefied wood was …

Environmentally Sustainable Biofuels - Biodiesel, Palligarnai T. Vasudevan

Bioenergy - II: Fuels and Chemicals from Renewable Resources

Biodiesel is a clean-burning fuel produced from grease, vegetable oils, or animal fats. Biodiesel is produced by transesterification of oils with short-chain alcohols or by the esterification of fatty acids. The transesterification reaction consists of transforming triglycerides into fatty acid alkyl esters, in the presence of an alcohol, such as methanol or ethanol, and a catalyst, such as an alkali or acid, with glycerol as a by-product. Due to diminishing petroleum reserves and the deleterious environmental consequences of exhaust gases from petroleum diesel, biodiesel has attracted attention during the past few years as a renewable and environmentally friendly fuel. Since …

Suitability Of Wood Chips From Forestry And Different Biomass Feedstocks For Use In A Semi-Industrial Plant Of Btl Production By Gasification, Capucine Dupont, Sylvie Rouge, Alain Berthelot, Denilson Dasilvaperez, Ambroise Graffin, Françoise Labalette, Céline Laboubee, Jean-Claude Mithouard, Sophie Pitocchi

Bioenergy - II: Fuels and Chemicals from Renewable Resources

A semi-industrial plant of BtL production by biomass gasification is planned to be operating in 2011 in the Northern-East of France by a French Energy Research Centre, called Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), and several partners. This demonstration plant will be a 50 MW plant, based on an entrained flow reactor, followed by different stages of syngas cleaning and a final stage of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.

One study has been launched on the biomass regional resources that may be used as feedstock in the plant. The first task of this study deals with the availability of the resources and their feasibility …