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Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Hypro: A Financial Tool For Simulating Hydrogen Infrastructure Development, Brian D. James, Peter O. Schmidt, Julie Perez
Hypro: A Financial Tool For Simulating Hydrogen Infrastructure Development, Brian D. James, Peter O. Schmidt, Julie Perez
US Department of Energy Publications
This report summarizes an analysis of the options and trade-offs for the establishment of the hydrogen production infrastructure necessary for a complete transition to hydrogen fuel cell vehicles by the year 2050. The primary tool used for the analysis is a custom created MatLab simulation tool entitled HyPro (short for Hydrogen Production). This report describes both the calculation methodology of HyPro and the assumptions and results of the baseline analysis and its many corollary cases. This study was made possible with funding from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE).
The report and supporting primary analyses were overseen by Fred Joseck …
Geothermal (Ground-Source) Heat Pumps: Market Status, Barriers To Adoption, And Actions To Overcome Barriers, Patrick J. Hughes
Geothermal (Ground-Source) Heat Pumps: Market Status, Barriers To Adoption, And Actions To Overcome Barriers, Patrick J. Hughes
US Department of Energy Publications
More effective stewardship of our resources contributes to the security, environmental sustainability, and economic well-being of the nation. Buildings present one of the best opportunities to economically reduce energy consumption and limit greenhouse gas emissions. Geothermal heat pumps (GHPs), sometimes called ground-source heat pumps, have been proven capable of producing large reductions in energy use and peak demand in buildings. However, GHPs have received little attention at the policy level as an important component of a national strategy. Have policymakers mistakenly overlooked GHPs, or are GHPs simply unable to make a major contribution to the national goals for various reasons? …
Economic Development Benefits From Wind Power In Nebraska: A Report For The Nebraska Energy Office, E. Lantz
Economic Development Benefits From Wind Power In Nebraska: A Report For The Nebraska Energy Office, E. Lantz
US Department of Energy Publications
Wind power constituted more than 35% of new U.S. electric generating capacity in 2007. Common drivers of wind power include Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS), the federal production tax credit (PTC), and rural economic development benefits. Continued expansion of the wind industry into Nebraska would bring new employment and economic development to Nebraska and the country. This report by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) focuses on the economic development impacts that would result in Nebraska from development and operation of wind power in the state as envisioned in the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) report 20% Wind Energy by 2030 …
An Analysis Of The Technical And Economic Potential For Mid-Scale Distributed Wind, K. Granfield, A. Kagel, A. Appleton
An Analysis Of The Technical And Economic Potential For Mid-Scale Distributed Wind, K. Granfield, A. Kagel, A. Appleton
US Department of Energy Publications
This report examines the status, restrainers, drivers, and estimated development potential of mid-scale (10 kW to 5000 kW) distributed wind projects. This segment of the wind market has not enjoyed the same growth that central-station wind has experienced. The purpose of this report is to analyze why, and to assess the market potential for this technology under current market and policy conditions.
As discussed in section 2, one of the most significant barriers to the development of distributed wind is a general scarcity of turbine choices and turbine inventory available for purchase. Most turbine manufacturers have scaled back their involvement …
Exploring Potential U.S. Switchgrass Production For Lignocellulosic Ethanol, Ethan B. Davis, Henriette I. Jager, Tristram O. West, Robert D. Perlack, Craig C. Brandt, Stan D. Wullschleger, Latha M. Baskaran, Erin G. Wilkerson, Mark E. Downing, Carla A. Gunderson
Exploring Potential U.S. Switchgrass Production For Lignocellulosic Ethanol, Ethan B. Davis, Henriette I. Jager, Tristram O. West, Robert D. Perlack, Craig C. Brandt, Stan D. Wullschleger, Latha M. Baskaran, Erin G. Wilkerson, Mark E. Downing, Carla A. Gunderson
US Department of Energy Publications
In response to concerns about oil dependency and the contributions of fossil fuel use to climatic change, the U.S. Department of Energy has begun a research initiative to make 20% of motor fuels biofuel based in 10 years, and make 30% of fuels bio-based by 2030. Fundamental to this objective is developing an understanding of feedstock dynamics of crops suitable for cellulosic ethanol production. This report focuses on switchgrass, reviewing the existing literature from field trials across the United States, and compiling it for the first time into a single database. Data available from the literature included cultivar and crop …
Climate Models: An Assessment Of Strengths And Limitations, David Bader, Curt Covey, William Gutowski, Isaac Held, Kenneth Kunkel, Ronald Miller, Robin Tokmakian, Minghua Zhang
Climate Models: An Assessment Of Strengths And Limitations, David Bader, Curt Covey, William Gutowski, Isaac Held, Kenneth Kunkel, Ronald Miller, Robin Tokmakian, Minghua Zhang
US Department of Energy Publications
Scientists extensively use mathematical models of Earth’s climate, executed on the most powerful computers available, to examine hypotheses about past and present-day climates. Development of climate models is fully consistent with approaches being taken in many other fields of science dealing with very complex systems. These climate simulations provide a framework within which enhanced understanding of climate-relevant processes, along with improved observations, are merged into coherent projections of future climate change. This report describes the models and their ability to simulate current climate.
The science of climate modeling has matured through finer spatial resolution, the inclusion of a greater number …
Genome Sequencing And Analysis Of The Biomass-Degrading Fungus Trichoderma Reesei (Syn. Hypocrea Jecorina), Diego Martinez, Randy M. Berka, Bernard Henrissat, Markku Saloheimo, Mikko Arvas, Scott E. Baker, Jarod Chapman, Olga Chertkov, Pedro M. Coutinho, Dan Cullen, Etienne G. J. Danchin, Igor V. Grigoriev, Paul Harris, Melissa Jackson, Christian P. Kubicek, Cliff S. Han, Isaac Ho, Luis F. Larrondo, Alfredo Lopez De Leon, Jon K. Magnuson, Sandy Merino, Monica Misra, Beth Nelson, Nicholas Putnam, Barbara Robbertse, Asaf A. Salamov, Monika Schmoll, Astrid Terry, Nina Thayer, Ann Westerholm-Parvinen, Conrad L. Schoch, Jian Yao, Ravi Barabote, Mary Anne Nelson, Chris Detter, David Bruce, Cheryl R. Kuske, Gary Xie, Paul Richardson, Daniel S. Rokhsar, Susan M. Lucas, Edward M. Rubin, Nigel Dunn-Coleman, Michael Ward, Thomas Brettin
Genome Sequencing And Analysis Of The Biomass-Degrading Fungus Trichoderma Reesei (Syn. Hypocrea Jecorina), Diego Martinez, Randy M. Berka, Bernard Henrissat, Markku Saloheimo, Mikko Arvas, Scott E. Baker, Jarod Chapman, Olga Chertkov, Pedro M. Coutinho, Dan Cullen, Etienne G. J. Danchin, Igor V. Grigoriev, Paul Harris, Melissa Jackson, Christian P. Kubicek, Cliff S. Han, Isaac Ho, Luis F. Larrondo, Alfredo Lopez De Leon, Jon K. Magnuson, Sandy Merino, Monica Misra, Beth Nelson, Nicholas Putnam, Barbara Robbertse, Asaf A. Salamov, Monika Schmoll, Astrid Terry, Nina Thayer, Ann Westerholm-Parvinen, Conrad L. Schoch, Jian Yao, Ravi Barabote, Mary Anne Nelson, Chris Detter, David Bruce, Cheryl R. Kuske, Gary Xie, Paul Richardson, Daniel S. Rokhsar, Susan M. Lucas, Edward M. Rubin, Nigel Dunn-Coleman, Michael Ward, Thomas Brettin
US Department of Energy Publications
Trichoderma reesei is the main industrial source of cellulases and hemicellulases used to depolymerize biomass to simple sugars that are converted to chemical intermediates and biofuels, such as ethanol. We assembled 89 scaffolds (sets of ordered and oriented contigs) to generate 34 Mbp of nearly contiguous T. reesei genome sequence comprising 9,129 predicted gene models. Unexpectedly, considering the industrial utility and effectiveness of the carbohydrate-active enzymes of T. reesei, its genome encodes fewer cellulases and hemicellulases than any other sequenced fungus able to hydrolyze plant cell wall polysaccharides. Many T. reesei genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes are distributed nonrandomly in …
The Genome Of Laccaria Bicolor Provides Insights Into Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, F. Martin, A. Aerts, D. Ahren, A. Brun, E. G. J. Danchin, F. Duchaussoy, J. Gibon, A. Kohler, E. Lindquist, V. Pereda, A. Salamov, H. J. Shapiro, J. Wuyts, D. Blaudez, M. Buee, P. Brokstein, B. Canback, D. Cohen, P. E. Courty, P. M. Coutinho, C. Delaruelle, J. C. Detter, A. Deveau, S. Difazio, S. Duplessis, L. Fraissinet-Tachet, E. Lucic, P. Frey-Klett, C. Fourrey, I. Feussner, G. Gay, J. Grimwood, P. J. Hoegger, P. Jain, S. Kilaru, J. Labbe, Y. C. Lin, V. Legue, F. Le Tacon, R. Marmeisse, D. Melayah, B. Montanini, M. Muratet, U. Nehls, H. Niculita-Hirzel, M. P. Oudot-Le Secq, M. Peter, H. Quesneville, B. Rajashekar, M. Reich, N. Rouhier, J. Schmutz, T. Yin, M. Chalot, B. Henrissat, U. Kues, S. Lucas, Y. Van De Peer, G. K. Podila, A. Polle, P. J. Pukkila, P. M. Richardson, P. Rouze, I. R. Sanders, J. E. Stajich, A. Tunlid, G. Tuskan, I. V. Grigoriev
The Genome Of Laccaria Bicolor Provides Insights Into Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, F. Martin, A. Aerts, D. Ahren, A. Brun, E. G. J. Danchin, F. Duchaussoy, J. Gibon, A. Kohler, E. Lindquist, V. Pereda, A. Salamov, H. J. Shapiro, J. Wuyts, D. Blaudez, M. Buee, P. Brokstein, B. Canback, D. Cohen, P. E. Courty, P. M. Coutinho, C. Delaruelle, J. C. Detter, A. Deveau, S. Difazio, S. Duplessis, L. Fraissinet-Tachet, E. Lucic, P. Frey-Klett, C. Fourrey, I. Feussner, G. Gay, J. Grimwood, P. J. Hoegger, P. Jain, S. Kilaru, J. Labbe, Y. C. Lin, V. Legue, F. Le Tacon, R. Marmeisse, D. Melayah, B. Montanini, M. Muratet, U. Nehls, H. Niculita-Hirzel, M. P. Oudot-Le Secq, M. Peter, H. Quesneville, B. Rajashekar, M. Reich, N. Rouhier, J. Schmutz, T. Yin, M. Chalot, B. Henrissat, U. Kues, S. Lucas, Y. Van De Peer, G. K. Podila, A. Polle, P. J. Pukkila, P. M. Richardson, P. Rouze, I. R. Sanders, J. E. Stajich, A. Tunlid, G. Tuskan, I. V. Grigoriev
US Department of Energy Publications
Mycorrhizal symbioses—the union of roots and soil fungi—are universal in terrestrial ecosystems and may have been fundamental to land colonization by plants. Boreal, temperate and montane forests all depend on ectomycorrhizae. Identification of the primary factors that regulate symbiotic development and metabolic activity will therefore open the door to understanding the role of ectomycorrhizae in plant development and physiology, allowing the full ecological significance of this symbiosis to be explored. Here we report the genome sequence of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor (Fig. 1) and highlight gene sets involved in rhizosphere colonization and symbiosis. This 65-megabase genome assembly contains ~20,000 …
Effects Of Climate Change On Energy Production And Use In The United States, Thomas Wilbanks, Vatsal Bhatt, Daniel Bilello, Stanley Bull, James Ekmann, William Horak, Y. Joe Huang, Mark D. Levine, Michael J. Sale, David Schmalzer, Michael J. Scott
Effects Of Climate Change On Energy Production And Use In The United States, Thomas Wilbanks, Vatsal Bhatt, Daniel Bilello, Stanley Bull, James Ekmann, William Horak, Y. Joe Huang, Mark D. Levine, Michael J. Sale, David Schmalzer, Michael J. Scott
US Department of Energy Publications
Climate change is expected to have noticeable effects in the United States: a rise in average temperatures in most regions, changes in precipitation amounts and seasonal patterns in many regions, changes in the intensity and pattern of extreme weather events, and sea level rise. Some of these effects have clear implications for energy production and use. For instance, average warming can be expected to increase energy requirements for cooling and reduce energy requirements for warming. Changes in precipitation could affect prospects for hydropower, positively or negatively. Increases in storm intensity could threaten further disruptions of the sorts experienced in 2005 …
Genomics: Gtl 2008 Strategic Plan, Sharlene Weatherwax
Genomics: Gtl 2008 Strategic Plan, Sharlene Weatherwax
US Department of Energy Publications
Table of Contents:
Mission-Inspired Science
GTL Concept and History
National Academy of Sciences Evaluation of GTL Program
GTL’s Fundamental Research Approach to Its Mission
Hallmarks of the GTL Research Approach
Multiscale Explorations
Office of Biological and Environmental Research User Facilities
Metamethods: Metagenomics and Metaproteomics
Robust Computational Framework for GTL Research
GTL Information and Data Sharing Policy
Elaboration of GTL Science for DOE Missions
Systems Biology for Energy Solutions
Systems Biology for Understanding the Carbon Cycle
Planet-Transforming Microbes
Systems Biology for Understanding Contaminant Transport in the Environment
Microbe-Mineral Interface in Contaminated Environments
DOE Office of Science
DOE Office of Biological and …
Small Angle Neutron Scattering Study Of Conformation Of Oligo(Ethylene Glycol)-Grafted Polystyrene In Dilute Solutions: Effect Of The Backbone Length, Gang Cheng, Yuri B. Melnichenko, George D. Wignall, Fengjun Hua, Kunlun Hong, Jimmy W. Mays
Small Angle Neutron Scattering Study Of Conformation Of Oligo(Ethylene Glycol)-Grafted Polystyrene In Dilute Solutions: Effect Of The Backbone Length, Gang Cheng, Yuri B. Melnichenko, George D. Wignall, Fengjun Hua, Kunlun Hong, Jimmy W. Mays
US Department of Energy Publications
The conformation and clusterization of comblike polymers of polystyrene densely grafted with oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) side chains in 1.0 wt % solutions of D2O, toluene-d8, and methanol-d4 was investigated as a function of the degree of polymerization (DP) of the backbone by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Each side chain had four EG repeat units, and the DP of the polystyrene backbone varied from 8 to 85. The global conformation of the polymers in toluene and methanol was shown to assume ellipsoidal, rigid cylindrical, or wormlike morphologies with increasing DP of the polystyrene …
Effects Of Gamma-Sterilization On The Physico-Chemical Properties Of Natural Sediments, T.L. Bank, Ravi K. Kukkadapu, A.S. Madden, M.A. Ginder-Vogel, M.E. Baldwin, P.M. Jardine
Effects Of Gamma-Sterilization On The Physico-Chemical Properties Of Natural Sediments, T.L. Bank, Ravi K. Kukkadapu, A.S. Madden, M.A. Ginder-Vogel, M.E. Baldwin, P.M. Jardine
US Department of Energy Publications
Batch U(VI) sorption/reduction experiments were completed on sterilized and non-sterilized sediment samples to elucidate biological and geochemical reduction mechanisms. Results from X-ray absorption nearedge structure (XANES) spectroscopy revealed that γ-sterilized sediments were actually better sorbents of U(VI), despite the absence of any measurable biological activity. These results indicate that γ-irradiation induced significant physico-chemical changes in the sediment which is contrary to numerous other studies identifying γ-sterilization as an effective and minimally invasive technique. To identify the extent and method of alteration of the soil as a result of γ-sterilization, untreated soil samples, physically separated size fractions, …
Reduction Of Tc(Vii) By Fe(Ii) Sorbed On Al (Hydr)Oxides, T. Peretyazhko, J.M. Zachara, S.M. Heald, Ravi K. Kukkadapu, C. Liu, A.E. Plymale, C.T. Resch
Reduction Of Tc(Vii) By Fe(Ii) Sorbed On Al (Hydr)Oxides, T. Peretyazhko, J.M. Zachara, S.M. Heald, Ravi K. Kukkadapu, C. Liu, A.E. Plymale, C.T. Resch
US Department of Energy Publications
Under oxic conditions, Tc exists as the soluble, weakly sorbing pertechnetate [TcO4-] anion. The reduced form of technetium, Tc(IV), is stable in anoxic environments and is sparingly soluble as TcO2 ·nH2O(s). Here we investigate the heterogeneous reduction of Tc(VII) by Fe(II) adsorbed on Al (hydr)oxides [diaspore (α-AlOOH) and corundum (α-Al2O3)]. Experiments were performed to study the kinetics of Tc(VII) reduction, examine changes in Fe surface speciation during Tc(VII) reduction (Mössbauer spectroscopy), and identify the nature of Tc(IV)-containing reaction products (X-ray absorption spectroscopy). We found that Tc(VII) was completely …
Biogeochemical Processes In Ethanol Stimulated Uranium-Contaminated Subsurface Sediments, Santosh R. Mohanty, Bharati Kollah, David B. Hedrick, Aaron D. Peacock, Ravi K. Kukkadapu, E. E. Roden
Biogeochemical Processes In Ethanol Stimulated Uranium-Contaminated Subsurface Sediments, Santosh R. Mohanty, Bharati Kollah, David B. Hedrick, Aaron D. Peacock, Ravi K. Kukkadapu, E. E. Roden
US Department of Energy Publications
A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted with uranium contaminated subsurface sediment to assess the geochemical and microbial community response to ethanol amendment. A classical sequence of terminal electron-accepting processes (TEAPs) was observed in ethanol-amended slurries, with NO3- reduction, Fe(III) reduction, SO42- reduction, and CH4 production proceeding in sequence until all of the added 13Cethanol (9 mM) was consumed. Approximately 60% of the U(VI) content of the sediment was reduced during the period of Fe(III) reduction. No additional U(VI) reduction took place during the sulfate-reducing and methanogenic phases of the experiment. Only gradual reduction of NO …
Long-Term Dynamics Of Uranium Reduction/Reoxidation Under Low Sulfate Conditions, John Komlos, Aaron Peacock, Ravi K. Kukkadapu, Peter R. Jaffe
Long-Term Dynamics Of Uranium Reduction/Reoxidation Under Low Sulfate Conditions, John Komlos, Aaron Peacock, Ravi K. Kukkadapu, Peter R. Jaffe
US Department of Energy Publications
The biological reduction and precipitation of uranium in groundwater has the potential to prevent uranium migration from contaminated sites. Although previous research has shown that uranium bioremediation is maximized during iron reduction, little is known on how long-term iron/uranium reducing conditions can be maintained. Questions also remain about the stability of uranium and other reduced species after a long-term biostimulation scheme is discontinued and oxidants (i.e., oxygen) re-enter the bioreduced zone. To gain further insights into these processes, four columns, packed with sediment containing iron as Fe-oxides (mainly Al-goethite) and silicate Fe (Fe-containing clays), were operated in the laboratory under …
Kinetics Of Reduction Of Fe(Iii) Complexes By Outer Membrane Cytochromes Mtrc And Omca Of Shewanella Oneidensis Mr-1, Zheming Wang, Chongxuan Liu, Xuelin Wang, Matthew J. Marshall, John M. Zachara, Kevin M. Rosso, Michel Dupuis, James K. Fredrickson, Steve Heald, Liang Shi
Kinetics Of Reduction Of Fe(Iii) Complexes By Outer Membrane Cytochromes Mtrc And Omca Of Shewanella Oneidensis Mr-1, Zheming Wang, Chongxuan Liu, Xuelin Wang, Matthew J. Marshall, John M. Zachara, Kevin M. Rosso, Michel Dupuis, James K. Fredrickson, Steve Heald, Liang Shi
US Department of Energy Publications
Because of their cell surface locations, the outer membrane c-type cytochromes MtrC and OmcA of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 have been suggested to be the terminal reductases for a range of redox-reactive metals that form poorly soluble solids or that do not readily cross the outer membrane. In this work, we determined the kinetics of reduction of a series of Fe(III) complexes with citrate, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), and EDTA by MtrC and OmcA using a stopped-flow technique in combination with theoretical computation methods. Stopped-flow kinetic data showed that the reaction proceeded in two stages, a fast stage that was completed …
The Role Of Multihaem Cytochromes In The Respiration Of Nitrite In Escherichia Coli And Fe(Iii) In Shewanella Oneidensis, Thomas A. Clarke, Tracey Holley, Robert S. Hartshorne, James K. Fredrickson, John M. Zachara, Liang Shi, David J. Richardson
The Role Of Multihaem Cytochromes In The Respiration Of Nitrite In Escherichia Coli And Fe(Iii) In Shewanella Oneidensis, Thomas A. Clarke, Tracey Holley, Robert S. Hartshorne, James K. Fredrickson, John M. Zachara, Liang Shi, David J. Richardson
US Department of Energy Publications
The periplasmic nitrite reductase system from Escherichia coli and the extracellular Fe (III) reductase system from Shewanella oneidensis contain multihaem c-type cytochromes as electron carriers and terminal reductases. The position and orientation of the haem cofactors in multihaem cytochromes from different bacteria often show significant conservation despite different arrangements of the polypeptide chain. We propose that the decahaem cytochromes of the iron reductase system MtrA, MtrC and OmcA comprise pentahaem ‘modules’ similar to the electron donor protein, NrfB, from E. coli. To demonstrate this, we have isolated and characterized the N-terminal pentahaem module of MtrA by preparing a …
Hydrogenase- And Outer Membrane C-Type Cytochrome-Facilitated Reduction Of Technetium(Vii) By Shewanella Oneidensis Mr-1, Matthew J. Marshall, Andrew Plymale, David W. Kennedy, Liang Shi, Zheming Wang, Samantha B. Reed, Alice Dohnalkova, Cody Simonson, Chongxuan Liu, Daad A. Saffarini, Margaret F. Romine, John M. Zachara, Alexander S. Beliaev, James K. Fredrickson
Hydrogenase- And Outer Membrane C-Type Cytochrome-Facilitated Reduction Of Technetium(Vii) By Shewanella Oneidensis Mr-1, Matthew J. Marshall, Andrew Plymale, David W. Kennedy, Liang Shi, Zheming Wang, Samantha B. Reed, Alice Dohnalkova, Cody Simonson, Chongxuan Liu, Daad A. Saffarini, Margaret F. Romine, John M. Zachara, Alexander S. Beliaev, James K. Fredrickson
US Department of Energy Publications
Pertechnetate, 99Tc(VII)O4–, is a highly mobile radionuclide contaminant at US Department of Energy sites that can be enzymatically reduced by a range of anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic microorganisms, including Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, to poorly soluble Tc(IV)O2(s). In other microorganisms, Tc(VII)O4– reduction is generally considered to be catalysed by hydrogenase. Here, we provide evidence that although the NiFe hydrogenase of MR-1 was involved in the H2-driven reduction of Tc(VII)O4– [presumably through a direct coupling of H2 oxidation and Tc(VII) reduction], the deletion of both hydrogenase genes did not completely eliminate …
Advective Removal Of Intraparticle Uranium From Contaminated Vadose Zone Sediments, Hanford, U.S., Eugene Ilton, Nikolla P. Qafoku, Chongxuan Liu, Dean Moore, John M. Zachara
Advective Removal Of Intraparticle Uranium From Contaminated Vadose Zone Sediments, Hanford, U.S., Eugene Ilton, Nikolla P. Qafoku, Chongxuan Liu, Dean Moore, John M. Zachara
US Department of Energy Publications
A column study on U(VI)-contaminated vadose zone sediments from the Hanford Site, WA, was performed to investigate U(VI) release kinetics with water advection and variable geochemical conditions. The sediments were collected from an area adjacent to and below tank BX-102 that was contaminated as a result of a radioactive tank waste overfill event. The primary reservoir for U(VI) in the sediments are micro-meter size precipitates composed of nanocrystallite aggregates of a Na- U-Silicate phase, most likely Na-boltwoodite, that nucleated and grew within microfractures of the plagioclase component of sand-sized granitic clasts. Two sediment samples, with different U(VI) concentrations and intra-particle …
Electron Transfer At The Microbe–Mineral Interface: A Grand Challenge In Biogeochemistry, James K. Fredrickson, John M. Zachara
Electron Transfer At The Microbe–Mineral Interface: A Grand Challenge In Biogeochemistry, James K. Fredrickson, John M. Zachara
US Department of Energy Publications
The interplay between microorganisms and minerals is a complex and dynamic process that has sculpted the geosphere for nearly the entire history of the Earth. The work of Dr. Terry Beveridge and colleagues provided some of the first insights into metal–microbe and mineral–microbe interactions and established a foundation for subsequent detailed investigations of interactions between microorganisms and minerals. Beveridge also envisioned that interdisciplinary approaches and teams would be required to explain how individual microbial cells interact with their immediate environment at nano- or microscopic scales and that through such approaches and using emerging technologies that the details of such interactions …
Direct Involvement Of Type Ii Secretion System In Extracellular Translocation Of Shewanella Oneidensis Outer Membrane Cytochromes Mtrc And Omca, Liang Shi, Shuang Deng, Matthew Marshall, Zheming Wang, David Kennedy, Alice Dohnalkova, Heather Mottaz, Eric Hill, Yuri Gorby, Alexander Beliaev, David Richardson, John M. Zachara, James K. Fredrickson
Direct Involvement Of Type Ii Secretion System In Extracellular Translocation Of Shewanella Oneidensis Outer Membrane Cytochromes Mtrc And Omca, Liang Shi, Shuang Deng, Matthew Marshall, Zheming Wang, David Kennedy, Alice Dohnalkova, Heather Mottaz, Eric Hill, Yuri Gorby, Alexander Beliaev, David Richardson, John M. Zachara, James K. Fredrickson
US Department of Energy Publications
MtrC and OmcA are cell surface-exposed lipoproteins important for reducing solid metal oxides. Deletions of type II secretion system (T2SS) genes reduced their extracellular release and their accessibility to the proteinase K treatment, demonstrating the direct involvement of T2SS in translocation of MtrC and OmcA to the bacterial cell surface.
The Minimum Information About A Genome Sequence (Migs) Specification, Dawn Field, George Garrity, Tanya Gray, Norman Morrison, Jeremy Selengut, Peter Sterk, Tatiana Tatusova, Nicholas Thomson, Michael J. Allen, Samuel V. Angiuoli, Michael Ashburner, Nelson Axelrod, Sandra Baldauf, Stuart Ballard, Jeffrey Boore, Guy Cochrane, James Cole, Peter Dawyndt, Paul De Vos, Claude Depamphilis, Robert Edwards, Nadeem Faruque, Robert Feldman, Jack Gilbert, Paul Gilna, Frank Oliver Glöckner, Philip Goldstein, Robert Guralnick, Dan Haft, David Hancock, Henning Hermjakob, Christiane Hertz-Fowler, Phil Hugenholtz, Ian Joint, Leonid Kagan, Matthew Kane, Jessie Kennedy, George Kowalchuk, Renzo Kottmann, Eugene Kolker, Saul Kravitz, Nikos Kyrpides, Jim Leebens-Mack, Suzanna E. Lewis, Kelvin Li, Allyson L. Lister, Phillip Lord, Natalia Maltsev, Victor Markowitz, Jennifer Martiny, Barbara Methe, Ilene Mizrachi, Richard Moxon, Karen Nelson, Julian Parkhill, Lita Proctor, Owen White, Susanna-Assunta Sansone, Andrew Spiers, Robert Stevens, Paul Swift, Chris Taylor, Yoshio Tateno, Adrian Tett, Sarah Turner, David Ussery, Bob Vaughan, Naomi Ward, Trish Whetzel, Ingio San Gil, Gareth Wilson, Anil Wipat
The Minimum Information About A Genome Sequence (Migs) Specification, Dawn Field, George Garrity, Tanya Gray, Norman Morrison, Jeremy Selengut, Peter Sterk, Tatiana Tatusova, Nicholas Thomson, Michael J. Allen, Samuel V. Angiuoli, Michael Ashburner, Nelson Axelrod, Sandra Baldauf, Stuart Ballard, Jeffrey Boore, Guy Cochrane, James Cole, Peter Dawyndt, Paul De Vos, Claude Depamphilis, Robert Edwards, Nadeem Faruque, Robert Feldman, Jack Gilbert, Paul Gilna, Frank Oliver Glöckner, Philip Goldstein, Robert Guralnick, Dan Haft, David Hancock, Henning Hermjakob, Christiane Hertz-Fowler, Phil Hugenholtz, Ian Joint, Leonid Kagan, Matthew Kane, Jessie Kennedy, George Kowalchuk, Renzo Kottmann, Eugene Kolker, Saul Kravitz, Nikos Kyrpides, Jim Leebens-Mack, Suzanna E. Lewis, Kelvin Li, Allyson L. Lister, Phillip Lord, Natalia Maltsev, Victor Markowitz, Jennifer Martiny, Barbara Methe, Ilene Mizrachi, Richard Moxon, Karen Nelson, Julian Parkhill, Lita Proctor, Owen White, Susanna-Assunta Sansone, Andrew Spiers, Robert Stevens, Paul Swift, Chris Taylor, Yoshio Tateno, Adrian Tett, Sarah Turner, David Ussery, Bob Vaughan, Naomi Ward, Trish Whetzel, Ingio San Gil, Gareth Wilson, Anil Wipat
US Department of Energy Publications
With the quantity of genomic data increasing at an exponential rate, it is imperative that these data be captured electronically, in a standard format. Standardization activities must proceed within the auspices of open-access and international working bodies. To tackle the issues surrounding the development of better descriptions of genomic investigations, we have formed the Genomic Standards Consortium (GSC). Here, we introduce the minimum information about a genome sequence (MIGS) specification with the intent of promoting participation in its development and discussing the resources that will be required to develop improved mechanisms of metadata capture and exchange. As part of its …
Scale-Dependent Desorption Of Uranium From Contaminated Subsurface Sediments, Chongxuan Liu, John M. Zachara, Nikolla P. Qafoku, Zheming Wang
Scale-Dependent Desorption Of Uranium From Contaminated Subsurface Sediments, Chongxuan Liu, John M. Zachara, Nikolla P. Qafoku, Zheming Wang
US Department of Energy Publications
Column experiments were performed to investigate the scale-dependent desorption of uranyl [U(VI)] from a contaminated sediment collected from the Hanford 300 Area at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Hanford Site, Washington. The sediment was a coarse-textured alluvial flood deposit containing significant mass percentage of river cobble. U(VI) was, however, only associated with its minor fine-grained (<2 mm) mass fraction. U(VI) desorption was investigated both from the field-textured sediment using a large column (80 cm length by 15 cm inner diameter) and from its <2 mm U(VI)- associated mass fraction using a small column (10 cm length by 3.4 cm inner diameter). Dynamic advection conditions with intermittent flow and stop-flow events of variable durations were employed to investigate U(VI) desorption kinetics and its scale dependence. A multicomponent kinetic model that integrated a distributed rate of mass transfer with surface complexation reactions successfully described U(VI) release from the fine-grained U(VI)-associated materials. The field-textured sediment in the large column displayed dual-domain tracer-dependent mass transfer properties that affected the breakthrough curves of bromide, pentafluorobenzoic acid (PFBA), and tritium. The tritium breakthrough curve showed stronger nonequilibrium behavior than did PFBA and bromide and required a larger immobile porosity to describe. The dual-domain mass transfer properties were then used to scale the kinetic model of U(VI) desorption developed for the fine-grained materials to describe U(VI) release and reactive transport in the field-textured sediment. Numerical simulations indicated that the kinetic model that was integrated with the dual-domain properties determined from tracer PFBA and Br best described the experimental results. The kinetic model without consideration of the dual-domain properties overpredicted effluent U(VI) concentrations, while the model based on tritium mass transfer underpredicted the rate of U(VI) release. Overall, our results indicated that the kinetics of U(VI) release from the field-textured sediment were different from that of its fine-grained U(VI)-associated mass fraction. However, the desorption kinetics measured on the U(VI)-containing mass fraction could be scaled to describe U(VI) reactive transport in the contaminated field-textured sediment after proper consideration of the physical transport properties of the sediment. The research also demonstrated a modeling approach to integrate geochemical processes into field-scale reactive transport models.
Significant Redistribution Of Ce 4D Oscillator Strength Observed In Photoionization Of Endohedral Ce@C+82 Ions, A. M. Müller, S. Schippers, M. Habibi, D. A. Esteves, J. C. Wang, R. A. Phaneuf, A. L. D. Kilcoyne, A. Aguilar, L. Dunsch
Significant Redistribution Of Ce 4D Oscillator Strength Observed In Photoionization Of Endohedral Ce@C+82 Ions, A. M. Müller, S. Schippers, M. Habibi, D. A. Esteves, J. C. Wang, R. A. Phaneuf, A. L. D. Kilcoyne, A. Aguilar, L. Dunsch
US Department of Energy Publications
Mass-selected beams of atomic Ceq+ ions (q = 2, 3, 4), of C+82 and of endohedral Ce@C+82 ions were employed to study photoionization of free and encaged cerium atoms. The Ce 4d inner-shell contributions to single and double ionization of the endohedral Ce@C+82 fullerene have been extracted from the data and compared with expectations based on theory and the experiments with atomic Ce ions. Dramatic reduction and redistribution of the ionization contributions to 4d photoabsorption is observed. More than half of the Ce 4d oscillator strength appears to be …
Pursuing Energy Efficiency As A Hedge Against Carbon Regulatory Risks: Current Resource Planning Practices In The West, Ryan Wiser, Amol Phadke, Charles Goldman
Pursuing Energy Efficiency As A Hedge Against Carbon Regulatory Risks: Current Resource Planning Practices In The West, Ryan Wiser, Amol Phadke, Charles Goldman
US Department of Energy Publications
Uncertainty surrounding the nature and timing of future carbon regulations poses a fundamental and far-reaching financial risk for electric utilities and their ratepayers. Long-term resource planning provides a potential framework within which utilities can assess carbon regulatory risk and evaluate options for mitigating exposure to this risk through investments in energy efficiency and other low-carbon resources. In this paper, we examine current resource planning practices related to managing carbon regulatory risk, based on a comparative analysis of the most-recent long-term resource plans filed by fifteen major utilities in the Western U.S. First, we compare the assumptions and methods used by …
Tribal Renewable Energy – Final Report, A. David Lester
Tribal Renewable Energy – Final Report, A. David Lester
US Department of Energy Publications
DOE/CERT Cooperative Agreement has demonstrated that Indian Tribes are ready to undertake the positive steps in developing their internal governmental capacities in program planning and project development as well as the enterprise management capability to undertake the development of their substantial natural base of renewable energy resources and to learn the basic technologies in wind, solar, bio-mass and alternative energy production. The project also demonstrated that virtually every Indian Tribe and community in the United States would benefit socially, economically and in public health values thru a sustained federally coordinated Tribal energy efficiency initiative; and, that a small amount of …
Economic Benefits, Carbon Dioxide (Co2) Emissions Reductions, And Water Conservation Benefits From 1,000 Megawatts (Mw) Of New Wind Power In Nebraska, Eric Lantz, Suzanne Tegen
Economic Benefits, Carbon Dioxide (Co2) Emissions Reductions, And Water Conservation Benefits From 1,000 Megawatts (Mw) Of New Wind Power In Nebraska, Eric Lantz, Suzanne Tegen
US Department of Energy Publications
Wind power is one of the fastest-growing forms of new power generation in the United States. Industry growth in 2007 was an astounding 45%. New wind power installations constituted 35% of all new electric power installations. This growth is the result of many drivers, includ¬ing increased economic competitiveness and favorable state policies such as Renewable Portfolio Standards. However, new wind power installations provide more than cost-competitive electricity. Wind power brings economic development to rural regions, reduces water consumption in the electric power sector, and reduces greenhouse gas production by displacing fossil fuels.
The U.S. Department of Energy’s Wind Powering America …
Characterization Of Aerosols Containing Zn, Pb, And Cl From An Industrial Region Of Mexico City, Ryan C. Moffet, Yury Desyaterik, Rebecca J. Hopkins, Alexei V. Tivanski, Mary K. Gilles, Y. Wang, V. Shuthanandan, Luisa T. Molina, Rodrigo Gonzalez Abraham, Kirsten S. Johnson, Violeta Mugica, Mario J. Molina, Alexander Laskin, Kimberly A. Prather
Characterization Of Aerosols Containing Zn, Pb, And Cl From An Industrial Region Of Mexico City, Ryan C. Moffet, Yury Desyaterik, Rebecca J. Hopkins, Alexei V. Tivanski, Mary K. Gilles, Y. Wang, V. Shuthanandan, Luisa T. Molina, Rodrigo Gonzalez Abraham, Kirsten S. Johnson, Violeta Mugica, Mario J. Molina, Alexander Laskin, Kimberly A. Prather
US Department of Energy Publications
Recent ice core measurements show lead concentrations increasing since 1970, suggesting new non automobile-related sources of Pb are becoming important worldwide (1). Developing a full understanding of the major sources of Pb and other metals is critical to controlling these emissions. During the March, 2006 MILAGRO campaign, single particle measurements in Mexico City revealed the frequent appearance of particles internally mixed with Zn, Pb, Cl, and P. Pb concentrations were as high as 1.14 μg/m3 in PM10 and 0.76 μg/m3 in PM2.5. Real time measurements were used to select time periods of interest …
Assignment Of Polarization-Dependent Peaks In Carbon K-Edge Spectra From Biogenic And Geologic Aragonite, Dong Zhou, Rebecca A. Metzler, Tolek Tyliszczak, Jinghua Guo, Mike Abrecht, Susan N. Coppersmith, P. U. P. A. Gilbert
Assignment Of Polarization-Dependent Peaks In Carbon K-Edge Spectra From Biogenic And Geologic Aragonite, Dong Zhou, Rebecca A. Metzler, Tolek Tyliszczak, Jinghua Guo, Mike Abrecht, Susan N. Coppersmith, P. U. P. A. Gilbert
US Department of Energy Publications
Many biominerals, including mollusk and echinoderm shells, avian eggshells, modern and fossil bacterial sediments, planktonic coccolithophores, and foraminifera, contain carbonates in the form of biogenic aragonite or calcite. Here we analyze biogenic and geologic aragonite using different kinds of surface- and bulksensitive X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy at the carbon K-edge, as well as highresolution scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM). Besides the well-known main π* and σ* carbonate peaks, we observed and fully characterized four minor peaks, at energies between the main π* and σ* peaks. As expected, the main peaks are similar in geologic …
Enhanced Polymer Grafting From Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Through Living Anionic Surface-Initiated Polymerization, Georgios Sakellariou, Haining Ji, Jimmy W. Mays, Durairaj Baskaran
Enhanced Polymer Grafting From Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Through Living Anionic Surface-Initiated Polymerization, Georgios Sakellariou, Haining Ji, Jimmy W. Mays, Durairaj Baskaran
US Department of Energy Publications
Anionic surface-initiated polymerization of ethylene oxide and styrene has been performed using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) functionalized with anionic initiators. The surface of MWNTs was modified via covalent attachment of precursor anions such as 4-hydroxyethyl benzocyclobutene (BCBEO) and 1-benzocyclobutene-1′-phenylethylene (BCB-PE) through Diels-Alder cycloaddition at 235 °C. Surface-functionalized MWNTs-g-(BCB-EO) n and MWNTs-g-(BCB-PE) n with 23 and 54 wt % precursor initiators, respectively, were used for the polymerizations. Alkoxide anion on the surface of MWNTs-g-(BCB-EO) n was generated through reaction with potassium triphenylmethane for the polymerization of ethylene oxide in tetrahydrofuran and phenyl substituted alkyllithium was …