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Engineering Commons™

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2008

Missouri University of Science and Technology

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Articles 1 - 30 of 770

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Thermal Modeling Of On-Chip Interconnects And 3d Packaging Using Em Tools, Lijun Jiang, Seshadri Kolluri, Barry J. Rubin, Howard Smith, Evan G. Colgan, Michael R. Scheuermann, Jamil A. Wakit, Alina Deutsch, Jason Gill Dec 2008

Thermal Modeling Of On-Chip Interconnects And 3d Packaging Using Em Tools, Lijun Jiang, Seshadri Kolluri, Barry J. Rubin, Howard Smith, Evan G. Colgan, Michael R. Scheuermann, Jamil A. Wakit, Alina Deutsch, Jason Gill

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The green (low power) chip design demands dramatic thermal and electrical simulation capabilities. In this paper, a novel thermal simulation approach for automatic thermal modeling of very large problems is introduced. This methodology can be fully integrated with existing solvers for electrical simulations, and make it possible to analyze practical on-chip and packaging thermal problems using the existing electromagnetic tools and geometry definitions, with very small additional effort. Its various applications to BEOL (on-chip wiring), thermal guideline design, and 3D integration (for multiple chip stacks) thermal modeling are investigated in this paper. We will demonstrate this capability with an automatic …

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Electromagnetic Emissions Stimulation And Detection System, Daryl G. Beetner, Sarah A. Seguin, Todd H. Hubing Dec 2008

Electromagnetic Emissions Stimulation And Detection System, Daryl G. Beetner, Sarah A. Seguin, Todd H. Hubing

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A system and method for detecting and identifying electronic devices based on their unintended electromagnetic emissions (“UEE”) signals is presented. During device classification, UEE signals are measured from a plurality of test devices and characteristic data is obtained from the UEE signal emitted from each test device. Using the characteristic data, a threshold value and ideal pulse template can be determined for each test device and stored in a memory. An ideal stimulation signal is also determined for each test device and stored in the memory. During device detection, the ideal stimulation signal is applied to the environment in which …

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On Step Sizes, Stochastic Shortest Paths, And Survival Probabilities In Reinforcement Learning, Abhijit Gosavi Dec 2008

On Step Sizes, Stochastic Shortest Paths, And Survival Probabilities In Reinforcement Learning, Abhijit Gosavi

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a simulation-based technique useful in solving Markov decision processes if their transition probabilities are not easily obtainable or if the problems have a very large number of states. We present an empirical study of (i) the effect of step-sizes (learning rules) in the convergence of RL algorithms, (ii) stochastic shortest paths in solving average reward problems via RL, and (iii) the notion of survival probabilities (downside risk) in RL. We also study the impact of step sizes when function approximation is combined with RL. Our experiments yield some interesting insights that will be useful in practice …

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A Model Based Fault Detection And Prognostic Scheme For Uncertain Nonlinear Discrete-Time Systems, Balaje T. Thumati, Jagannathan Sarangapani Dec 2008

A Model Based Fault Detection And Prognostic Scheme For Uncertain Nonlinear Discrete-Time Systems, Balaje T. Thumati, Jagannathan Sarangapani

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A new fault detection and prognostics (FDP) framework is introduced for uncertain nonlinear discrete time system by using a discrete-time nonlinear estimator which consists of an online approximator. A fault is detected by monitoring the deviation of the system output with that of the estimator output. Prior to the occurrence of the fault, this online approximator learns the system uncertainty. In the event of a fault, the online approximator learns both the system uncertainty and the fault dynamics. A stable parameter update law in discrete-time is developed to tune the parameters of the online approximator. This update law is also …

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Determination Of Vibrational Energy Levels And Transition Dipole Moments Of Co2 Molecules By Density Functional Theory, Zhi Liang, Hai-Lung Tsai Dec 2008

Determination Of Vibrational Energy Levels And Transition Dipole Moments Of Co2 Molecules By Density Functional Theory, Zhi Liang, Hai-Lung Tsai

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An Efficient Method is Presented to Calculate the Intra-Molecular Potential Energies and Electrical Dipole Moments of CO2 Molecules at the Electronic Ground State by Solving the Kohn-Sham (KS) Equation for a Total of 101 992 Nuclear Configurations. the Projector-Augmented Wave (PAW) Exchange-Correlation Potential Functionals and Plane Wave (PW) Basis Functions Were Used in Solving the KS Equation. the Calculated Intra-Molecular Potential Function Was Then Included in the Pure Vibrational Schrödinger Equation to Determine the Vibrational Energy Eigen Values and Eigen Functions. the Vibrational Wave Functions Combined with the Calculated Dipole Moment Function Were Used to Determine the Transition Dipole Moments. …

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Pmu Placement For Power System Observability Using Binary Particle Swarm Optimization, S. Chakrabarti, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, E. Kyriakides Dec 2008

Pmu Placement For Power System Observability Using Binary Particle Swarm Optimization, S. Chakrabarti, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, E. Kyriakides

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) based methodology for the optimal placement of phasor measurement units (PMUs) for complete observability of a power system is presented in this paper. The objectives of the optimization problem are to minimize the total number of PMUs required, and to maximize the measurement redundancy at the power system buses. Simulation results on the IEEE 14-bus and 30-bus test systems are presented in this paper.

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Improvements In Steel Melting Efficiency -- Industrial Trials, Kent D. Peaslee, Semen Naumovich Lekakh, Edith Martinez Dec 2008

Improvements In Steel Melting Efficiency -- Industrial Trials, Kent D. Peaslee, Semen Naumovich Lekakh, Edith Martinez

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Industrial trials were completed to improve energy efficiency in steel melting. First, the benefits of increased chemical energy from an oxyfuel burner and a Co-Jet system in a basic 20 ton electric arc furnace (EAF) were studied. Observations and measurements were made during production before and after the installation of the two systems. The additional chemical energy improved energy efficiency and resulted in increased production. In addition, production using a basic EAF practice was compared to the traditional acid EAF practice. Second, an industrial trial using a 750 lb ladle with a combination of a lightweight alumina castable refractory and …

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Energy Efficiency In Steel Casting Production, Raymond Monroe, Kent D. Peaslee, R. Eppich Dec 2008

Energy Efficiency In Steel Casting Production, Raymond Monroe, Kent D. Peaslee, R. Eppich

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

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Multiple Radar Data Merging In Hydro-Nexrad, Witold F. Krajewski, Bong Chul Seo, Anton Kruger, Piotr Domaszczynski, Gabriele Villarini, James A. Smith Dec 2008

Multiple Radar Data Merging In Hydro-Nexrad, Witold F. Krajewski, Bong Chul Seo, Anton Kruger, Piotr Domaszczynski, Gabriele Villarini, James A. Smith

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Hydro-NEXRAD merging algorithms include two options: (1) data-based merging; and (2) product-based merging. Data-based merging algorithm takes volume scan reflectivity data from all radars involved through preprocessing algorithm that performs volume data quality control, interpolates data to synchronize temporal scale between individual radars, and finally combines data onto a common geographic grid. Reflectivity values for a given location are assigned by a weighting function with respect to the distance from the radar. This single reflectivity field is then converted to rainfall amounts using a user-requested standard approach. In product-based merging algorithm reflectivity data from multiple radars are all converted …

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Neural Network Output Feedback Control Of A Quadrotor Uav, Jagannathan Sarangapani, Travis Alan Dierks Dec 2008

Neural Network Output Feedback Control Of A Quadrotor Uav, Jagannathan Sarangapani, Travis Alan Dierks

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A neural network (NN) based output feedback controller for a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is proposed. The NNs are utilized in the observer and for generating virtual and actual control inputs, respectively, where the NNs learn the nonlinear dynamics of the UAV online including uncertain nonlinear terms like aerodynamic friction and blade flapping. It is shown using Lyapunov theory that the position, orientation, and velocity tracking errors, the virtual control and observer estimation errors, and the NN weight estimation errors for each NN are all semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB) in the presence of bounded disturbances and NN functional …

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A Circuit Model For Esd Performance Analysis Of Printed Circuit Boards, Byong-Su Seol, Jong-Sung Lee, Jae-Deok Lim, Hyungseok Lee, Harkbyeong Park, Argha Nandy, David Pommerenke Dec 2008

A Circuit Model For Esd Performance Analysis Of Printed Circuit Boards, Byong-Su Seol, Jong-Sung Lee, Jae-Deok Lim, Hyungseok Lee, Harkbyeong Park, Argha Nandy, David Pommerenke

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper provides a SPICE-compatible circuit model for characterizing electrostatic discharge (ESD) clamping performance of protection devices mounted on printed circuit boards (PCBs). An equivalent circuit model for a commercial ESD generator is introduced and a simulation methodology of an ESD protection device with non-linear resistance characteristic using voltage controlled current source is described. These models combined to create a full circuit model with a PCB model in a SPICE-like circuit simulator. Comparison results between the simulated and measured are presented to verify the accuracy of the proposed circuit model. A trade-off analysis between the ESD clamping performance and signal …

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Using Automated Inclusion Analysis For Casting Process Improvements, Vintee Singh, Semen Naumovich Lekakh, Kent D. Peaslee Dec 2008

Using Automated Inclusion Analysis For Casting Process Improvements, Vintee Singh, Semen Naumovich Lekakh, Kent D. Peaslee

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Different industrial melting and ladle practices (deoxidation, slag, refractory types, etc.) used in steel foundries were analyzed and compared using an ASPEX automated inclusion analyzer for study of inclusions. The effects of deoxidation and pouring practices on the size, type and number of inclusions were evaluated for steel foundries equipped with induction and arc melting furnaces, with capacities ranging from 1 to 20 tons. Samples were collected from the furnace, ladle, and castings. Specific rules were developed for classification of inclusions by composition, size distribution and shape. Inclusion statistics, including composition, quantity, shape, and size during cast steel processing from …

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Antibacterial Coatings For Medical Devices Based On Glass Polyalkenoate Cement Chemistry, A. Coughlan, D. Boyd, C. W.I. Douglas, Mark R. Towler Dec 2008

Antibacterial Coatings For Medical Devices Based On Glass Polyalkenoate Cement Chemistry, A. Coughlan, D. Boyd, C. W.I. Douglas, Mark R. Towler

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A biofilm is an accumulation of micro-organisms and their extracellular products forming a structured community on a surface. Biofilm formation on medical devices has severe health consequences as bacteria growing in this lifestyle are tolerant to both host defense mechanisms and antibiotic therapies. However, silver and zinc ions inhibit the attachment and proliferation of immature biofilms. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether it is possible to produce silver and zinc-containing glass polyalkenoate cement (GPC) coatings for medical devices that have antibacterial activity and which may therefore inhibit biofilm formation on a material surface. Two silver and zinc-containing …

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Hydro-Nexrad: An Updated Overview And Metadata Analysis, Witold F. Krajewski, Anton Kruger, Piotr Domaszczynski, Charles Gunyon, Bong Chul Seo, Radosław Goska, James A. Smith, Mary Lynn Beack, Matthias Steiner Dec 2008

Hydro-Nexrad: An Updated Overview And Metadata Analysis, Witold F. Krajewski, Anton Kruger, Piotr Domaszczynski, Charles Gunyon, Bong Chul Seo, Radosław Goska, James A. Smith, Mary Lynn Beack, Matthias Steiner

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Hydro-NEXRAD is a prototype system that allows hydrologists to obtain user-specified rainfall data for their research. These data are based on observations collected by the national network of WSR-88D radars, known as NEXRAD. Users interact with Hydro-NEXRAD through a web-based interface that has map-based components for spatial navigation, calendar- and time series plot components for temporal navigation and a menu-based component for selection of processing options. Through the interface, users browse the Hydro-NEXRAD metadata and select data of interest. As the system is approaching the point of being fully operational, the authors and a group of test users have evaluated …

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Structural Properties And Crystallization Of Sodium Tellurite Glasses, Kresimir Furic, Masa Rajic-Linaric, C. S. Ray, A. Šantić, Andrea Moguš-Milanković, D. E. Day Dec 2008

Structural Properties And Crystallization Of Sodium Tellurite Glasses, Kresimir Furic, Masa Rajic-Linaric, C. S. Ray, A. Šantić, Andrea Moguš-Milanković, D. E. Day

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The structural properties and crystallization behaviour of xNa2O-(100-x)TeO2 (0 <= x <= 33.3, x-% mole fraction) glasses have been investigated by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The Raman spectra of glasses show systematic changes in structural units, from TeO4 trigonal bypiramids (tbps) to TeO3 trigonal pyramids (tps) with increasing Na2O content in glass. These structural changes are result of Te-eqOax-Te disruption and the formation of non-bridging oxygens (NBOs) in glass network. when heated at 623 K for 10 h glasses crystallized to different phases: alpha-TeO2, Na2Te4O9 and a new crystalline phase which is believed to be a polymorph of Na2Te2O5.

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Fully Evolvable Optimal Neurofuzzy Controller Using Adaptive Critic Designs, Salman Mohagheghi, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Ronald G. Harley Dec 2008

Fully Evolvable Optimal Neurofuzzy Controller Using Adaptive Critic Designs, Salman Mohagheghi, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Ronald G. Harley

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A near-optimal neurofuzzy external controller is designed in this paper for a static compensator (STATCOM) in a multimachine power system. The controller provides an auxiliary reference signal for the STATCOM in such a way that it improves the damping of the rotor speed deviations of its neighboring generators. A zero-order Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy rule base constitutes the core of the controller. A heuristic dynamic programming (HDP) based approach is used to further train the controller and enable it to provide nonlinear near-optimal control at different operating conditions of the power system. Based on the connectionist systems theory, the parameters of the …

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Liquefaction Behavior Of Mississippi River Silts, Ali M. Izadi, Ronaldo Luna, Richard Wesley Stephenson Dec 2008

Liquefaction Behavior Of Mississippi River Silts, Ali M. Izadi, Ronaldo Luna, Richard Wesley Stephenson

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Civil Infrastructure Built on Alluviums and Recent Deposits, Such as Dams, Contain Significant Amount of Silts. the Static and Dynamic Behavior of These Fine-Grained Soils Has Been Investigated Less Than the Clay-Like or Sand-Like Soils. Low Plasticity Silts (PI = 6) Obtained East of St. Louis in Illinois Are Known as Loess that Has Been Re-Deposited by Water in the Floodplains of the Mississippi River. These Silts Were Reconstituted in the Laboratory by Slurry at Water Content above the Liquid Limit and Then Consolidated to an Initial Effective Stress. the Initial Laboratory Characterization under Monotonic Loading Included a Series of …

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Neural-Network-Based State Feedback Control Of A Nonlinear Discrete-Time System In Nonstrict Feedback Form, Pingan He, Jagannathan Sarangapani Dec 2008

Neural-Network-Based State Feedback Control Of A Nonlinear Discrete-Time System In Nonstrict Feedback Form, Pingan He, Jagannathan Sarangapani

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, a suite of adaptive neural network (NN) controllers is designed to deliver a desired tracking performance for the control of an unknown, second-order, nonlinear discrete-time system expressed in nonstrict feedback form. In the first approach, two feedforward NNs are employed in the controller with tracking error as the feedback variable whereas in the adaptive critic NN architecture, three feedforward NNs are used. In the adaptive critic architecture, two action NNs produce virtual and actual control inputs, respectively, whereas the third critic NN approximates certain strategic utility function and its output is employed for tuning action NN weights …

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Inelastic Performance Of Screw Connected Cfs Strap Braced Walls, Kostadin Velchev, Colin A. Rogers Nov 2008

Inelastic Performance Of Screw Connected Cfs Strap Braced Walls, Kostadin Velchev, Colin A. Rogers

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

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A Variable-Order Flom Algorithm For Heavy-Tailed Clutter Suppression, Y. Rosa Zheng Nov 2008

A Variable-Order Flom Algorithm For Heavy-Tailed Clutter Suppression, Y. Rosa Zheng

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The normalized fractionally-lower order moment (FLOM) algorithm exhibits fast convergence but high excess mean squared error (MSE) when the order is less than 2. This paper proposes a method using variable order moments to adaptively changing the order during adaptation, thus achieving both fast initial convergence and low excess MSE in the steady state. The algorithm is applied to both Gaussian and heavy-tailed non-Gaussian clutter suppression in phased array applications. The results show better performances of the proposed algorithm over the normalized FLOM and normalized Least Mean Square (NLMS) algorithms. The proposed algorithm also performs well in other adaptive filtering …

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A Plasma Model Combined With An Improved Two-Temperature Equation For Ultrafast Laser Ablation Of Dielectrics, Lan Jiang, Hai-Lung Tsai Nov 2008

A Plasma Model Combined With An Improved Two-Temperature Equation For Ultrafast Laser Ablation Of Dielectrics, Lan Jiang, Hai-Lung Tsai

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

It remains a big challenge to theoretically predict the material removal mechanism in femtosecond laser ablation. To bypass this unresolved problem, many calculations of femtosecond laser ablation of nonmetals have been based on the free electron density distribution without the actual consideration of the phase change mechanism. However, this widely used key assumption needs further theoretical and experimental confirmation. by combining the plasma model and improved two-temperature model developed by the authors, this study focuses on investigating ablation threshold fluence, depth, and shape during femtosecond laser ablation of dielectrics through nonthermal processes (the Coulomb explosion and electrostatic ablation). The predicted …

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Three-Dimensional Modeling Of The Plasma Arc In Arc Welding, Gu Xu, J. Hu, Hai-Lung Tsai Nov 2008

Three-Dimensional Modeling Of The Plasma Arc In Arc Welding, Gu Xu, J. Hu, Hai-Lung Tsai

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Most previous three-dimensional modeling on gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and gas metal arc welding (GMAW) focuses on the weld pool dynamics and assumes the two-dimensional axisymmetric Gaussian distributions for plasma arc pressure and heat flux. In this article, a three-dimensional plasma arc model is developed, and the distributions of velocity, pressure, temperature, current density, and magnetic field of the plasma arc are calculated by solving the conservation equations of mass, momentum, and energy, as well as part of the Maxwell's equations. This three-dimensional model can be used to study the nonaxisymmetric plasma arc caused by external perturbations such as …

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Intelligent Scheduling Of Hybrid And Electric Vehicle Storage Capacity In A Parking Lot For Profit Maximization In Grid Power Transactions, Chris Huston, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Keith Corzine Nov 2008

Intelligent Scheduling Of Hybrid And Electric Vehicle Storage Capacity In A Parking Lot For Profit Maximization In Grid Power Transactions, Chris Huston, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Keith Corzine

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper proposes an intelligent method for scheduling usage of available energy storage capacity from plugin hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) and electric vehicles (EV). The batteries on these vehicles can either provide power to the grid when parked, known as vehicle- to-grid (V2G) concept or take power from the grid to charge the batteries on the vehicles. A scalable parking lot model is developed with different parameters assigned to fleets of vehicles. The size of the parking lot is assumed to be large enough to accommodate the number of vehicles performing grid transactions. In order to figure out the appropriate …

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Correlation Between Eut Failure Levels And Esd Generator Parameters, Jayong Koo, Qing Cai, Kai Wang, J. Maas, T. Takahashi, Andrew Martwick, David Pommerenke Nov 2008

Correlation Between Eut Failure Levels And Esd Generator Parameters, Jayong Koo, Qing Cai, Kai Wang, J. Maas, T. Takahashi, Andrew Martwick, David Pommerenke

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Some system-level electrostatic discharge (ESD) tests repeat badly if different ESD generators are used. For improving repeatability, ESD generator specifications have been changed, and modified generators have been compared in a worldwide round robin test. The test showed up to 1 : 3 variations of failure levels. Multiple parameters that characterize ESD generators have been measured. This paper correlates the parameters to test result variations trying to distinguish between important and nonrelevant parameters. The transient fields show large variations among different ESD generators. A correlation has been observed in many equipment under tests (EUTs) between failure levels and the spectral …

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Non-Destructive Testing Of Physical Characteristics Of Composite Structures, R. Zoughi, Sergey Kharkovsky, Vivian Stephen Oct 2008

Non-Destructive Testing Of Physical Characteristics Of Composite Structures, R. Zoughi, Sergey Kharkovsky, Vivian Stephen

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A method for detecting an anomaly in a composite material comprising directing two transmitted electromagnetic wave signals orthogonally polarized with respect to each other from a probe to the composite material, wherein the probe and composite material are positioned for near-field evaluation of the probe. A related apparatus comprising an open-ended square waveguide probe.

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Effect Of Operating Pressure On The Extent Of Hysteresis In A Trickle Bed Reactor, Zeljko V. Kuzeljevic, Werner Van Der Merwe, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan, Milorad P. Dudukovic, Willie Nicol Oct 2008

Effect Of Operating Pressure On The Extent Of Hysteresis In A Trickle Bed Reactor, Zeljko V. Kuzeljevic, Werner Van Der Merwe, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan, Milorad P. Dudukovic, Willie Nicol

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Dependence of Hydrodynamic Parameters, Such as Pressure Drop, on the Flow History of the Bed is Called Hysteresis. This Phenomenon is Most Commonly Associated with Changes of Flow Distribution and Flow Patterns with the Flow History. Many Studies Have Shown that Increased Operating Pressure Will Affect Flow Distribution and Wetting Efficiency; However, There Seems to Be No Study of the Effect of the Elevated Operating Pressure on the Extent of Hysteresis. in This Study, an Experimental Investigation of the Hysteresis in a High-Pressure Trickle Bed Has Been Performed. a Hysteresis Factor Has Been Introduced to Quantify the Extent of …

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Shear Resistance Of Cold-Formed Steel Framed Shear Wall Assemblies With 0.027-, 0.030-, 0.033-Inch Sheet Steel Sheathing, Cheng Yu Oct 2008

Shear Resistance Of Cold-Formed Steel Framed Shear Wall Assemblies With 0.027-, 0.030-, 0.033-Inch Sheet Steel Sheathing, Cheng Yu

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.

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Computed Flexural Buckling Stress For Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Columns, Shin-Hua Lin, Chi-Ling Pan, Chih-Peng Yu Oct 2008

Computed Flexural Buckling Stress For Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Columns, Shin-Hua Lin, Chi-Ling Pan, Chih-Peng Yu

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.

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Floor System Design For Distortional Buckling Including Sheathing Restraint, Y. Guan, Benjamin W. Schafer, R. H. Sangree Oct 2008

Floor System Design For Distortional Buckling Including Sheathing Restraint, Y. Guan, Benjamin W. Schafer, R. H. Sangree

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.

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An Update On Aisi Standards For Cold-Formed Steel Framing, Jay W. Larson Oct 2008

An Update On Aisi Standards For Cold-Formed Steel Framing, Jay W. Larson

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.

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