Engineering Commons^™

Hysteresis During Cycling Of Nickel Hydroxide Active Material, Venkat Srinivasan, John W. Weidner, John Newman

Faculty Publications

The nickel hydroxide electrode is known to exhibit a stable hysteresis loop, with the potential on charge being higher than that on discharge at every state-of-charge (SOC). What we show here is that this loop created during a complete charge and discharge (i.e., boundary curves) is not sufficient to define the state of the system. Rather, internal paths within the boundary curves (i.e., scanning curves) can be generated that access potentials between the boundary curves. The potential obtained at any SOC, as well as how the material charges and discharges from that point, depends on the …

Non–Water–Stressed Baseline As A Tool For Dynamic Control Of A Misting System For Propagation Of Poinsettias, Sérgio Zolnier, Richard S. Gates, Robert G. Anderson, Sue E. Nokes, George A. Duncan

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

A technique is presented for dynamically adjusting misting intervals during propagation of vegetative cuttings. A crop setpoint temperature for activation of misting was defined by a "non-water-stressed baseline" concept, using infrared thermometry to acquire canopy temperature for plant feedback. The critical crop setpoint temperature was calculated from instantaneous values of air temperature, incident radiation, and air vapor pressure deficit (VPD_air). Misting was activated when the actual crop temperature exceeded the critical crop setpoint temperature. The dynamic control was shown to have the potential to reduce the amount of applied water from 9 to 12 times during low levels …

Estimation Of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration Using Fuzzy State Models, Lameck O. Odhiambo, R. E. Yoder, D. C. Yoder

Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications

Daily evapotranspiration (ET) rates are needed for irrigation scheduling. Owing to the difficulty of obtaining accurate field measurements, ET rates are commonly estimated from weather parameters. A few empirical or semi–empirical methods have been developed for assessing daily reference crop ET, which is converted to actual crop ET using crop coefficients. The FAO Penman–Monteith method, which is now accepted as the standard method for the computation of daily reference ET, is sophisticated. It requires several input parameters, some of which have no actual measurements but are estimated from measured weather parameters. In this study, we examined the suitability of fuzzy …

Optimization Of Fuzzy Evapotranspiration Model Through Neural Training With Input–Output Examples, Lameck O. Odhiambo, R. E. Yoder, D. C. Yoder, J. W. Hines

Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications

In a previous study, we demonstrated that fuzzy evapotranspiration (ET) models can achieve accurate estimation of daily ET comparable to the FAO Penman–Monteith equation, and showed the advantages of the fuzzy approach over other methods. The estimation accuracy of the fuzzy models, however, depended on the shape of the membership functions and the control rules built by trial–and–error methods. This paper shows how the trial and error drawback is eliminated with the application of a fuzzy–neural system, which combines the advantages of fuzzy logic (FL) and artificial neural networks (ANN). The strategy consisted of fusing the FL and ANN on …

Follow-Up Study To Fhwa/In/Jhrp-92/22: Development Of A Strategy For Compliance With Epa And Osha Regulations Applicable To Indot Facilities, Lynn A. Corson

JTRP Technical Reports

The objectives of this research were - 1. To assess the department’s progress at selected facilities toward minimizing, reducing, recycling, reusing, reclaiming and eliminating by-products of operations classified as hazardous, solid or special waste. The department’s progress toward modifying or eliminating (such as by contracting) operations or its use of alternate products to reduce potential environmental liability and associated costs will be examined, 2. To observe and analyze selected operations at a sample of facilities visited during the first study [March 1990 – November 1992] to identify where additional strengthening is needed. Additional facilities recommended by the department will also …

Simulation/Optimization Applications And Software For Optimal Ground-Water And Conjunctive Water Management, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Diverse water management simulation/optimization (S/O) experiences promoted the development of many S/O modeling approaches and models. Several of these are being incorporated within the Simulation/Optimization Modeling System (SOMOS). Non-modeler water scientists or engineers can apply one SOMOS module to optimize field-scale groundwater and conjunctive water management. Experienced groundwater modelers can apply other modules to optimally manage complex heterogeneous aquifer and stream-aquifer systems. SOMOS employs a variety of simulation models and approaches and optimization algorithms to optimize flow and contaminant management. SOMOS or its precursor modules have been well proven in real-world projects. Designed for use by consultants, students, academics, and …

Heavy Metal Distribution For Aqueous And Solid Phases In Urban Runoff, Snowmelt And Soils, Donald W. Glenn Iii

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

At the start of the third millennium, over 50% of the world’s population lives in urban areas. Anthropogenic activities associated with urban development such as traffic generate significant particulate and heavy metal mass loadings. Ten urban highway sites located throughout the metropolitan area of Cincinnati, Ohio were studied. Storm water, snow and transportation land use soil/residual complexes (RSCs) were collected at each site. For the storm water, results are presented for a series of eight rainfall runoff events over a two-year period and included analyses between dissolved and particulate-bound fractions of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn), and water …

An Analysis Of Speed Limit Policies For Indiana, Nisar M. Khan, Kumares C. Sinha

JTRP Technical Reports

The repeal of the National maximum Speed Limit law in 1995 enabled individual states to set their own speed limits. Speed limits are necessary to ensure mobility while preserving highway safety. It is important that states continually monitor and evaluate existing operating speeds in the context of changing patterns of travel, and changing characteristics of highways, vehicles, drivers, and land-use. Any efforts to review existing speed limits should be accompanied by evaluation of policy impacts such as safety and economic productivity. The goal of this research is to develop a set of speed limit policy guidelines for the state. The …

Design Guidelines For Deploying Closed Loop Systems, Andrew P. Nichols, Darcy M. Bullock

JTRP Technical Reports

Closed loop systems are becoming the preferred method of operating coordinated traffic signal systems. Some of the benefits of a closed loop system include remote controller access, synchronization of controller time clocks, and orderly transition between coordination plans. With ensured time clock synchronization, the coordination of traffic signals becomes more reliable, which leads to optimal vehicle progression through the system. However, due to the complexity and relative infrequent implementation in more rural districts of closed loop systems, it is very difficult to obtain a successful deployment. This manual provides a step-by-step procedure for designing the parameters, implementing, testing, and field …

Development Of Improved Pavement Performance Prediction Models For The Indiana Pavement Management System, Sedat Gulen, Karen Zhu, John Weaver, Jie Shan, William F. Flora

JTRP Technical Reports

The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) is increasingly committed to the Pavement Management System. For this reason, updated simple pavement performance prediction models with the least number of explanatory (independent) variables are required to predict the performance of various pavement types for future planning of rehabilitation or replacement. In Indiana, the two main pavement types are jointed concrete pavement (JCP) and bituminous pavement (BIT). 1999 and 2000 year data were used to develop regression models for different pavement types for the Interstate and Non- Interstate Roads systems. The International Roughness Index (IRI), in inches per mile, was mainly used for …

Development Of Low Cost Retaining Walls For Indiana Highways, Philippe L. Bourdeau, Patrick J. Fox, David Joseph Runser, Jin-Pyo Lee

JTRP Technical Reports

Low-cost alternatives to traditional modular facing reinforced soil retaining walls were reviewed, on the basis of published data and information. Technological information, design methods and observed performance of segmental facing reinforced soil walls were used for this review. Guidelines are proposed for selection, design and construction of such retaining walls, within a limited range of conditions, in Indiana highway projects.

Towards Comparative Profiling Of Parallel Applications With Pperfdb, Christian Leland Hansen

Dissertations and Theses

Due to the complex nature of parallel programming, it is difficult to diagnose and solve performance related problems. Knowledge of program behavior is obtained experimentally, with repeated runs of a slightly modified version of the application or the same code in different environments. In these circumstances, comparative performance analysis can provide meaningful insights into the subtle effects of system and code changes on parallel program behavior by highlighting the difference in performance results across executions.

I have designed and implemented modules which extend the PPerfDB performance tool to allow access to existing performance data generated by several commonly used tracing …

Indoor Radio Channel Of Bluetooth Technology, Kai Hock Charlie Khoo

Theses : Honours

This thesis discusses the findings of the final year project involving the characterisation of indoor radio channel specified by Bluetooth technology through theoretical analysis, simulations and actual measurements through field experiments. The concepts of indoor radio propagation effects and its statistical models arc explored. In addition, Bluetooth specifications are also studied and presented in Section 1. These provided a clear understanding of the radio propagation behaviour inside a building and the radio performance of Bluetooth specifications. Profound understanding of the propagation characteristics of the indoor radio channel is a major requirement for successful design of any indoor wireless communication systems. …

An Efficient Indirect Branch Predictor, Yul Chu, M. R. Ito

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

In this paper, we present a new hybrid branch predictor called the GoStay2, which can effectively reduce indirect misprediction rates. The GoStay2 has two different mechanisms compared to other 2- stage hybrid predictors that use a Branch Target Buffer (BTB) as the first stage predictor: Firstly, to reduce conflict misses in the first stage, a new effective 2-way cache scheme is used instead of a 4-way setassociative. Secondly, to reduce mispredictions caused by an inefficient predict and update rule, a new selection mechanism and update rule are proposed. We have developed a simulation program by using Shade and Spixtools, provided …

An Efficient Instruction Cache Scheme For Object-Oriented Languages, Yul Chu, M. R. Ito

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present an efficient cache scheme, which can considerably reduce instruction cache misses caused by procedure call/returns. This scheme employs N-way banks and XOR mapping functions. The main function of this scheme is to place a group of instructions separated by a call instruction into a bank according to the initial and final bank selection mechanisms. After the initial bank selection mechanism selects a bank on an instruction cache miss, the final bank selection mechanism will determine the final bank for updating a cache line as a correction mechanism. These two mechanisms can guarantee that recent groups of instructions exist …

13-C Nmr Analysis Of Soot Produced From Model Compounds And A Coal, Mark S. Solum, Adel F. Sarofim, Ronald J. Pugmire, Thomas H. Fletcher, Haifeng Zhang

Faculty Publications

Soot samples, including the associated organics, produced from an Illinois No. 6 coal (five samples) and two model compounds, biphenyl (three samples) and pyrene (two samples), have been studied by ¹³C NMR methods. The coal soot data served as a guide to selection of the temperature range that would be most fruitful for investigation of the evolution of aerosols composed of soot and tars that are generated from model compounds. The evolution of the different materials in the gas phase followed different paths. The coal derived soots exhibited loss of aliphatic and oxygen functional groups prior to significant growth …

Arc - An Oai Service Provider For Digital Library Federation, Xiaoming Liu, Kurt Maly, Mohammad Zubair, Michael L. Nelson

Computer Science Faculty Publications

The usefulness of the many on-line journals and scientific digital libraries that exist today is limited by the inability to federate these resources through a unified interface. The Open Archive Initiative (OAI) is one major effort to address technical interoperability among distributed archives. The objective of OAI is to develop a framework to facilitate the discovery of content in distributed archives. In this paper, we describe our experience and lessons learned in building Arc, the first federated searching service based on the OAI protocol. Arc harvests metadata from several OAI compliant archives, normalizes them, and stores them in a search …

Smart Objects And Open Archives, Michael L. Nelson, Kurt Maly

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Within the context of digital libraries (DLs), we are making information objects "first-class citizens". We decouple information objects from the systems used for their storage and retrieval, allowing the technology for both DLs and information content to progress independently. We believe dismantling the stovepipe of "DL-archive-content" is the first step in building richer DL experiences for users and insuring the long-term survivability of digital information. To demonstrate this partitioning between DLs, archives and information content, we introduce "buckets": aggregative, intelligent, object-oriented constructs for publishing in digital libraries. Buckets exist within the "Smart Object, Dumb Archive" (SODA) DL model, which promotes …

A Cable/Wireless Modulation/Demodulation Frontend Module For High Speed/Broadband Datalink, Pay Peng Clarice Chong

Theses : Honours

What are the modulation/demodulation schemes that are suitable tor cable or wireless high speed or broadband data link, between 1 Mbps to 30 Mbps? The recent adoption of modulation schemes such as OFDM, 8-VSB, OAM, for Digital Television broadcast (DTV), Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Lines (ADSL), and Cable Modem (CM) for Internet access, is poss'1ble because of the increase bit/Hz in these modulations over conventional modulation schemes. These modulation/demodulation schemes could also offer similar advantages to dedicated data link applications such as home-networking using cable or wireless medium. This report document the project implementation of Quadrature Amplitude Modulation as the modulation …

Cationic Surfactant Mediated Hybridization And Hydrophobization Of Dna Molecules At The Liquid/Liquid Interface And Their Phase Transfer, Murali Sastry, Ashavani Kumar, Mrunalini Pattarkine, Vidya Ramakrishnan, Krishna N. Ganesh

Faculty Works

Hybridization of complementary oligonucleotides mediated by a cationic surfactant at the water/hexane interface leads to hydrophobic, double-helical DNA which may be readily phase transferred to the organic phase and cast into thin films on solid substrates.

Development And Application Of Linear Scheduling Techniques To Highway Construction Projects, D. J. Harmelink, Rene Antonio Yamin

JTRP Technical Reports

Crucial to the successful outcome of major highway construction and reconstruction projects today is the ability to accurately plan, predict and control the construction process. Evermore sensitive to budget control, schedule control, resource allocation and impacts on the motoring public, highway constructors today require sophisticated project management tools to achieve project goals. One of the tools recently being used across the country is project scheduling. The use of scheduling techniques on highway projects has grown out of the successful application of these methods to building construction for the past 20 to 30 years. Unfortunately, the effective application of traditional scheduling …

Evaluation And Policy For Bridge Deck Expansion Joints, Luh M. Chang, Yao-Jong Lee

JTRP Technical Reports

This report is an overview of the research that was performed for the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) concerning the performance of bridge deck expansion joints. The purpose of the research is to evaluate several types of joints currently in use and also provides the evaluation criteria for rating the joint condition. The types of joints investigated are Compression Seal (B.S.) joint, Strip Seal (S.S.) joint, Integral Abutment Jointless (I.A.) joint, Poured Silicone (XJS) joint, and Polymer Modified Asphalt (LDI and PaveTech) joint. The research was performed by questionnaire surveys, Roadway Management data analysis, expert interviews, and site assessment. The …

Evaluation Of Zero Velocity Deicer Spreader And Salt Spreader, Tommy E. Nantung

JTRP Technical Reports

Increasing traffic volumes and declining resources have led to a need for innovative winter maintenance strategies, techniques, equipment and materials while not sacrificing the safety of the traveling public. Any reduction of salt usage will ease fund for other maintenance operations while minimizing salt runoff on surface and ground waters and effect of road salt on roadside vegetation. In the past, conventional spreaders have been designed for sand and are generally incapable of metering the lower, more precise amount of salt desired. The use of materials in solid form demands critical timing of the application to minimize loss of the …

Real-Time Determination Of Soil Type, Water Content, And Density Using Electromagnetics, Vincent P. Drnevich, Chih-Ping Lin, Quanghee Yi, Janet Elaine Lovell

JTRP Technical Reports

The primary objective of this study was to explore the potential use of electromagnetic characteristics of soils using the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) technique to identify physical properties of soils. Three fundamental studies in this exploration are the frequencydependent electromagnetic properties of soils, the wave propagation in a TDR system, and the inverse analyses of TDR waveforms. The three-phase model for soils was extended to a four-phase model so as to account for the interface effect and hence the soil fineness. The physical parameters of the four-phase model are related to the frequency-dependent dielectric permitivity of the soil through a …

Buckets: Smart Objects For Digital Libraries, Michael L. Nelson

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Current discussion of digital libraries (DLs) is often dominated by the merits of the respective storage, search and retrieval functionality of archives, repositories, search engines, search interfaces and database systems. While these technologies are necessary for information management, the information content is more important than the systems used for its storage and retrieval. Digital information should have the same long-term survivability prospects as traditional hardcopy information and should be protected to the extent possible from evolving search engine technologies and vendor vagaries in database management systems. Information content and information retrieval systems should progress on independent paths and make limited …

Middle-Ear Function With Tympanic-Membrane Perforations. Ii. A Simple Model., Susan E. Voss, John J. Rosowski, Saumil N. Merchant, William T. Peake

Engineering: Faculty Publications

A quantitative model of the human middle ear with a tympanic-membrane ~TM! perforation is developed. The model is constrained by several types of acoustic measurements made on human cadaver ears, which indicate that perforation-induced changes in transmission result primarily from changes in driving pressure across the TM and that perforation-induced change in the structure of the TM and its coupling to the ossicles contributes a substantially smaller component. The model represents the effect of a perforation on the pressure difference across the TM by inclusion of a path for sound coupling through the perforation from the ear canal to the …

Experiments On Adaptive Techniques For Host-Based Intrusion Detection, Timothy Draelos, Michael Collins, David Duggan, Edward Thomas, Donald C. Wunsch

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This research explores four experiments of adaptive host-based intrusion detection (ID) techniques in an attempt to develop systems that can detect novel exploits. The technique considered to have the most potential is adaptive critic designs (ACDs) because of their utilization of reinforcement learning, which allows learning exploits that are difficult to pinpoint in sensor data. Preliminary results of ID using an ACD, an Elman recurrent neural network, and a statistical anomaly detection technique demonstrate an ability to learn to distinguish between clean and exploit data. We used the Solaris Basic Security Module (BSM) as a data source and performed considerable …

Remediation Simulation/Optimization Demonstrations, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Applications of simulation/optimization (S/0) software to develop contamination remediation strategies include formal remediation optimization using heads and gradients (hydraulics-based) and concentrations (risk-based) constraints. The six reported cases involve pump and treat systems, or pump, treat and re-inject systems, together termed PAT systems. We used S/0 modeling to perform hydraulic optimization for two of the sites and transport optimization for four. For four of the six sites, other parties used normal simulation (S) modeling alone to develop pumping strategies. Comparing the S/0 model-developed strategies with the S model-developed strategies showed S/0 modeling benefits ranging up to: (a) 25 percent reduction in …

Dynamics Of Polyacrylates In Concentrated Chloroform Solutions, Frank D. Blum, Raj B. Durairaj

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

The dynamics of polymers in polymer solutions have not been probed in great enough detail to provide a coherent picture of the behavior of these polymers, especially in more concentrated solutions. To help understand this behavior further, we have prepared a series of backbone-labeled polymers including poly(n-butyl acrylate)-d1 (PNBA). These provide a basis for comparison of the behavior among a group of related polymers. The dynamics have been probed by using deuterium relaxation times. Since the relaxation times are relatively fast and the quadrupolar relaxation mechanism is well understood, data from this technique provide a convenient means for comparison of …

Spatial Patterns And Floodplain Contributions Of Mining-Related Contaminants In Chat Creek Watershed, Southwest Missouri, Jimmy Trimble

MSU Graduate Theses

Past mining activities have left a legacy of water quality problems in the Tri-State Mining District. Contemporary environmental risks stem from the release of lead and zinc from mine tailings previously dispersed far downstream in alluvial deposits as well as abandoned tailings piles. This study examines mining-related heavy metal contamination in the Chat Creek Watershed. Chat Creek drains the area near Aurora, Missouri on the eastern edge of the Tri-State District where mining occurred from 1886 to about 1930. This study identifies the spatial distribution of metal contamination in fluvial sediments and quantifies the role of bank erosion as a …