Engineering Commons^™

Ocena Składu Gazów Odlotowych Z Procesów Spopielania Odpadów Niebezpiecznych Pod Kątem Trudności Oczyszczania I Toksyczności, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

Tightening of the European Union law in the field of the air emission limit values from waste incineration causes necessity for existing and new incineration plants to conform to the standards. It will often involve modernization of the flue gas cleaning system. Proposed in the paper the methodology of evaluation of the combustion gases composition in point of view cleaning difficulty should be useful to this end. Average toxicity factors for hazardous waste incineration flue gases were defined as well. Among other things they can be used in comparative analysis of the air pollutant concentration in the raw gas (before …

The Effects Of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration And Biological Solids Retention Time On Activated Sludge Treatment Performance, Jack Joseph Parker

Masters Theses

A bench scale treatment system with dissolved oxygen (DO) control was used to determine the effects of DO concentration and biological solids retention time (BSRT) on treatment performance using the activated sludge process. The four reactors, operating at BSRTs of 20, 10, 5, and 2 days, were fed settled municipal wastewater collected from the Kuwahee wastewater treatment plant in Knoxville, TN. The DO was maintained at different set points in each reactor ranging from 4.0 to 0.2 mg/L.

Experimental results indicate that carbon treatment performance improved, on average, with increasing BSRT but DO had little effect on carbon oxidation. Sludge …

Three Dimensional Hydrodynamic Modeling Study, Craney Island Eastward Expansion, Lower James River And Elizabeth River, Virginia, Harry V. Wang, S. C. Kim, John D. Boon, A. Y. Kuo, G. M. Sisson, J. M. Brubaker, J. P-Y. Maa

Reports

The Craney Island Eastward Expansion Hydrodynamic Model Study was conducted in three phases: 1) model calibration and verification for the Elizabeth River, 2) model testing of four Craney Island expansion options using single variable runs (using a single variable, tidal range, for model input), 3) model testing of two expansion options using historical runs (using multiple variables in real time for model input). The expansion option designs were evaluated for both global and local hydrodynamic change through simulation comparisons with the Base Case condition.

Czynniki Wpływające Na Skład Spalin I Wielkość Emisji Zanieczyszczeń Z Procesów Termicznego Przekształcania Odpadów Niebezpiecznych, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The work summarizes factors influencing on air emissions from various full-scale hazardous waste incinerators (rotary kiln, multiple hearth furnace, starved-air incinerator, fluidized bed incinerator, liquid injection incinerator). Air pollutant emissions from hazardous waste incineration can be minimized not only by flue-gas cleaning. There are many factors that influence on flue-gas composition and the quantity of air pollutants formed during incineration: the type, the composition and the quantity of waste, the way of waste introducing to the incinerator, excess air ratio, combustion temperature, retention time of exhaust gases etc. Special attention was paid to the loading of waste and incineration conditions …

Odpady Pestycydowe Jako Paliwo Zastępcze W Piecach Obrotowych Do Wypalania Klinkieru Cementowego, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki, Stanisław Słupek

Robert Oleniacz

The clinker burning plant is ideally suited for processing a wide variety of hazardous waste materials. High temperatures existing in cement kilns (ca. 1350-1450 Centigrades in the burning zone) as well as long gas-residence time (ca. 6-10 s) provide potentially excellent conditions for destruction of toxic organic compounds. Non-volatile compounds are retained in the solid phase and built into the clinker. A lot of other (for example acid gases) can also be absorbed by alkaline solid phase. Old pesticide wastes present a big problem in Poland now. They can be use as waste-derived fuels in cement kilns, especially in the …

Ocena Udziału Huty Katowice W Poziomie Opadu Pyłu, Ołowiu I Kadmu Na Powierzchnię Terenu Wokół Zakładu, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the results of modeling of deposition on the land surface of dust, lead and cadmium emitted from the "Katowice" Steelworks. The calculations were carried out in the vicinity of the location of the dust deposition measuring points existing around the plant. Computational data were compared with the results obtained from direct measurements for the same calendar year. The responsibility of this plant in shaping the level of dust and heavy metal deposition in the region of the protective zone was determined.

English title: Participation of the "Katowice" Steelworks in the level of dust, lead and cadmium deposition …

Prognoza Wpływu Na Stan Zanieczyszczenia Powietrza Procesu Unieszkodliwiania Odpadów Pestycydowych W Piecu Cementowym, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the general conditions associated with running of pesticide waste co-incineration in rotary kilns for cement clinker burning, and describes the behavior of toxic substances entering to this process with waste materials or forming as the result of thermal decomposition. Additional air emissions and their impact on air quality were also assessed.

English title: Prediction of the impact on the state of air pollution for the process of pesticide waste disposal in a cement kiln.

The Dissolution Of Dnapls In Variable Aperture Fractures, Sarah E. Dickson

Sarah E Dickson

No abstract provided.

Średni Współczynnik Toksyczności Spalin Emitowanych Z Procesów Spopielania Odpadów Niebezpiecznych, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the characteristics of the Average Toxicity Factor (ATF) for combustion gases emitted from incineration of hazardous waste. Proposals for the interpretation of this factor and the possibility of its use in assessing the degree of nuisance of the process in terms of the level of air pollutant emissions were also discussed.

English title: Average toxicity factor of combustion gases emitted from hazardous waste incineration.

Arsenic Removal For Small Drinking Water Treatment Systems: A Multimedia Cd-Rom For Drinking Water Professionals, Greg A. Harrison

Masters Theses

This thesis, in conjunction with the accompanying CD-ROM, are intended to be used by small public water system operators, owners, regulators, and engineers as an educational tool for future compliance with a lowered Arsenic Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL). The CD-ROM is the third in a series of water treatment technology CDs that were created by a collaboration of Dr. R. Bruce Robinson, the University of Tennessee, and Dr. M. Robin Collins, the Water Treatment Technology Center, the University of New Hampshire. The CD-ROM includes multimedia tools such as video and photos, which will aid in the understanding of the included …

Dobór Systemu Oczyszczania Gazów Odlotowych Ze Spalania Odpadów Niebezpiecznych, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The flue gas cleaning system is usually one of the most costly elements of the installation to the incineration of hazardous waste. Adapting the system to the actual needs could therefore bring obvious economic benefits.

The paper presents the method of the preselection of the configuration of the cleaning system based on knowledge of the level of concentration of selected components of the raw exhaust gas (sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, total dust, mercury, cadmium and thallium, and other heavy metals). Twelve examples of flue-gas cleaning systems were proposed and extreme concentration values of the substances in the raw …

Niezorganizowana Emisja Zanieczyszczeń Powietrza Z Hal Ciągłego Odlewania Stali, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz, Agnieszka Łopata

Robert Oleniacz

Air pollutant emissions occurring in an uncontrolled way do not be subject to the regular verification just like it takes place in case of the controlled sources, for which the routine measurements are carried out. In the paper a methodology and the results of some research were presented. The research consisted in determination the quantity of dust and gaseous pollutants emitted from the halls in which technological processes connected with the steel continuous casting were being run. Stocktaking of all the uncontrolled emission sources were carried out and the technological operations predominating in the level of the particle matter and …

A Multimedia Based Laboratory Course For Environmental Engineering Fundamentals And Process Design, Lynn E. Katz, Lenly Weathers

University of Maine Office of Research Administration: Grant Reports

Many undergraduate environmental engineering curricula across the nation are being re-designed to emphasize fundamentals of environmental engineering process dynamics and to acquire familiarity with the procedures for obtaining and determining design parameters for design of full scale systems for treatment and remediation of water and wastewater. The objective of this proposal is to build on the P.I.s' previous course development efforts by developing and promoting the use of multi-media learning tools for undergraduate education. Specifically, the proposal will focus on the development of interactive multi-media laboratory modules for a course titled "Pollutant Fate and Transport." The modules will include did …

Predicting Thermodynamic And Transport Parameters For Metal Contaminant Sorption To Hydrated Metal Oxides In Aquatic Systems, Paras Trivedi

Dissertations

Hydrated oxides such as HAO,'HFO, goethite, and BA40 are prevalent in soils and sediments as discrete particles or as coatings. These microporous oxides have large surface areas and high affmity for metal ions, and hence they act as both a sink and a source for anthropogenically released metal contaminants. To better understand risks posed by metals in the environment and to develop effective waste management programs, mechanistic models are needed to accurately predict their fate in soils and sediments.

To achieve this objective, sorption of metal ions Sr, Cd, Zn, Ni, and Ca to these oxides were studied with macroscopic …

Stormwater Management In Tennessee: Guidelines To Preventative Maintenance Practices And Improvements, Jacob S. Chandler

Masters Theses

The management of urban stormwater runoff is an important issue throughout Tennessee as urban development keeps expanding. With the rise of urban development, there is an ever-growing need for urban stormwater management systems and facilities which are built to protect downstream property owners from potential flood damage as well as to manage and control the increased stormwater runoff. However well-designed a drainage system or facility might be, adequate maintenance is vital for it to function as intended by the design engineer.

This thesis was written to serve as a document that provides information needed to support an effective maintenance program …

Evaluation Of Alternatives For Hydraulic Design Of Bridges With Hec-Ras, William Wesley Peck

Masters Theses

On average, flooding causes over five billion dollars of damage and 99 fatalities per year in the United States alone. These ever-increasing numbers indicate a need for rigorous design procedures for any structures which exacerbate flood risk. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydraulic Engineering Center (HEC) has developed a computer program called River Analysis System, and more commonly referred to as HEC-RAS or RAS.

HEC-RAS is the best and most recent method for hydraulic design of bridges, and available documentation provides guidance for its use. The author is experienced in hydraulic design of bridges and has developed this thesis …

Data Analysis And Correlations For The Particulate Matter Continuous Emission Monitoring System Test Program At The Tsca Incinerator, James A. Calcagno, Iii

Masters Theses

A field study was conducted to evaluate the performance of three commercially available particulate matter (PM) continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS) during 1999-2000 at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) Incinerator located near Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The incinerator is permitted to treat mixed-waste, Resource Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous and nonhazardous waste, and wastes containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). The mixedwaste treated at the incinerator contains both low-level radioactive and hazardous chemical constituents. The air pollution control system of the incinerator utilizes Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT), which is comprised of a rapid quench, venturi scrubber, …

Adsorption Of Inorganic And Organic Ligands Onto Aluminum Hydroxide And Its Effect In Water Treatment, Peter Pommerenk

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The inorganic anions fluoride, sulfate, and orthophosphate are ubiquitous substances in aqueous environments. These chemicals are also applied in drinking water treatment processes where fluoridation, coagulation with sulfate-based metal salts, or the use of passivating corrosion inhibitors or sequestering agents is practiced. If these ions are present at elevated levels in raw waters or added in the treatment train at points other than directly before entering a finished water reservoir, they can exert a negative influence on the removal of particles and natural organic matter.

Although the water chemistry of these inorganic ions seems to be well understood, their potential …

Determining The Value Of Groundwater Contamination Source Removal: A Methodology, Benjamin C. Recker

Theses and Dissertations

Subsurface contamination by industrial chemicals is one of the most prevalent and costly environmental problems facing the United States government. This contamination problem must be managed to protect human health and the environment. Two basic strategies are used to deal with subsurface contamination: source removal and contaminant containment. While much cost and performance data are available for individual technologies associated with each of these strategies, there have been very few studies that have examined the benefits of implementing source removal technologies in order to reduce contaminant containment (and hopefully total) costs. This study examines the tradeoff between extent of source …

A System Dynamics Approach To Modeling Temperature Effects In Solid Waste, David A. Jokinen

Theses and Dissertations

The amount of municipal solid waste discarded to landfills is continually increasing even with extensive recycling efforts. The need to understand the behavior of waste in landfills is increased due to the decreasing number of active landfills, communities' concern to the potential hazards associated with landfills, and companies or installations with landfills on-site need to understand landfill behavior comply with new legislation concerning design and detecting hazardous material movement of-site. This research is focused on increasing the understanding of landfill behavior by examining the effects of temperature in a landfill system. A system dynamics approach was used in this research …

A Model For Palladium Catalyzed Destruction Of Chlorinated Ethenes In Contaminated Groundwater, Christopher M. Stoppel

Theses and Dissertations

Groundwater contamination by chlorinated ethenes is a widespread environmental problem. Conventional remediation technologies have shortcomings that have prompted further research into the development of novel treatment technologies. A palladium/ alumina catalyst in the presence of dissolved molecular hydrogen (referred to hereafter as a PD/H₂ system) has been demonstrated to rapidly destroy chlorinated ethene contaminated groundwater. First-order kinetics have been used to model chlorinated ethene destruction in a PD/H₂ reactor. However, catalyst deactivation and regeneration are important processes that also need to be modeled in order to better understand their effect on treatment efficiency. This study presents a model …

Modeling Biodegradation Of Chlorinated Groundwater Contaminants Under Iron-Reducing Conditions Of A Constructed Wetland: A System Dynamics Approach, Max E. Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to determine and explore the fundamental processes associated with biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes in iron-reducing conditions of a constructed wetland and to evaluate the impacts of changing conditions (both natural and engineer-controlled) on the system. The modeler uses a system dynamics approach to construct a model that represents behavior in the iron-reducing environment. The model incorporates hematite, a form of oxidized iron (Fe³⁺), as the electron acceptor in microbial biodegradation in the system. Vinyl chloride, cis-dichloroethene, and trans-dichloroethene are known to anaerobically degrade to carbon dioxide in the presence of oxidized iron. …

Chromate Content Bias As A Function Of Particle Size In Aircraft Primer Paint Overspray, David B. Novy

Theses and Dissertations

Spray painting operations using chromate-containing primer paints produce particles which may expose workers to strontium chromate. Chromate contains hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) which is a confirmed human carcinogen. It is suspected that the smaller particles contain disproportionately less Cr(VI) than larger particles. In order to determine if a bias in chromate content exists, paint particles were collected and separated based on particle size and the Cr(VI) concentration was determined. Aviation primer paint from the DeSoto and Deft companies was sprayed in a booth and seven-stage cascade impactors were used to separate particles.

Modeling Chlorinated Ethene Removal In The Methanogenic Zone Of Constructed Wetlands: A System Dynamics Approach, Randall L. Roberts

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to gain understanding of the dynamics of the processes that degrade Perchloroethene (PCE) to ethene, within the confines of the methanogenic zone of a constructed wetland. A system dynamics modeling approach is used. This model is focused on determining conditions that will enhance contaminant degradation. The chemical and biological processes within the methanogenic zone of a wetland system are extremely complex and dynamic processes. The model is broken up into three simultaneous processes: dechlorination, methanogenesis, and fermentation. The system behavior of the methanogenic zone can be adequately described by the classical formulations of representative …

Decision Analysis Methodology To Evaluate Integrated Solid Waste Management Alternatives For A Remote Alaskan Air Station, Mark J. Shoviak

Theses and Dissertations

Eareckson Air Station (AS), a remote U.S. Air Force installation, faces the complex decision of selecting a new municipal solid waste (MSW) management strategy to replace its current non-compliant system. This research effort applies value-focused thinking and multiattribute preference theory to decision analysis techniques to produce a multiple-objective decision analysis model that captures all of the site's MSW goals, objectives, and concerns in order to facilitate the evaluation of MSW management strategies available. The model ranks 40 specific MSW management alternatives, which were developed in accordance with the decision-maker's assumptions and constraints, based on how well they meet Eareckson's overall …

Quantitative Validation Of A Model Of Chlorinated Ethene Natural Attenuation, Harold C. Young

Theses and Dissertations

Chlorinated ethenes are among the most prevalent groundwater contaminants at hazardous waste sites nationwide. In an attempt to manage the risks posed by these contaminants, while controlling costs, monitored natural attenuation (MNA) is being considered as a remediation strategy at many sites. MNA relies on naturally occurring physical, chemical, and biological processes in the subsurface to reduce the risk posed by the contamination. The implementation of MNA, however, requires a detailed understanding of these processes, and how they impact contamination at a particular site. One way to gain this understanding is through contaminant fate and transport modeling. In this study, …

Assessing The Economic Impact Of Aircraft Noise On Communities, Ithan B. Zimmer

Dissertations

The impact of aircraft noise on communities is complex and multi-dimensional. This matter cannot be resolved without careful analysis of a complex array of related problems and issues including the environment, the economy, and quality-of-life concerns of people living in proximity to airports or aircraft routes. The effects of community noise are widespread and varied. Impacts can include sleep and speech interference, activity interference, general annoyance, and property value decrease. In order to improve public policy and provide a foundation for additional research, it is imperative to establish the extent of a problem. Dollars are often the least common denominator …

Development And Application Of A Computer Simulation Tool For Ecological Risk Assessments, Haiyi Lu

Theses

In an effort to improve tools in ecological risk assessment (ERA), an ERA software tool was developed and applied. Based on a preliminary evaluation of existing ecorisk models, the relative deficiencies were identified and included the need for a user-friendly interface, an interactive database management system (DBMS), and a comprehensive evaluation of exposure pathways. In this research, Visual Basic (VB) 6.0 and Microsoft SQL server were selected for developing the Windows-based interface and local DBMS, respectively. For the exposure estimate, Yuma and Aberdeen Proving Grounds were identified as baseline ecosystems. Terrestrial and aquatic plant and animal receptor selection was based …

Optimization Of Nitrogen Removal In Sequencing Batch Reactor, Suppakit Poonyachat

Theses

Operating parameters for sequencing batch reactor have the influenceon each substrate concentration. Concentration profile changes as operationparameters are changed. The study was conducted to model the variationin effluent concentration from sequencing batch reactor. MLVSS and cycletime are the parameters that were varied. Concentration in Fill, React,and Settle Period were calculated by using kinetic equations.

The results can show that these parameters have effects on the concentrationprofile. The increase of MLVSS can lower the concentration of BOD andammonium concentration in React period. Increasing MLVSS can show thatmore substrate utilization and nitrification process occur more rapidly.Concentration of nitrate at the end of …

Characterisation Of Non-Condensable Sulphur Containing Gases From Kraft Pulp Mills (2), João F. Gomes

João F Gomes

This paper describes work performed on the sampling and analysis of non-condensable gases (NCG) emitted from diffuse sources of a Portuguese Kraft pulp mill, which is the background information for a NCG collection, treatment and disposal system. The variability found in the composition of the gaseous compounds showed the existence of gaseous streams other than typical total reduced sulphur (TRS) compounds as usually described. From the measured TRS concentrations and the gas flow rate from each source it was possible to calculate the emission flow rate, E, of each source. These emission flow rates were then divided into 3 categories …