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Articles 1 - 19 of 19
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Improving The Palatability Of Colonoscopy Preparations, Phuong Anh Hoang Nguyen, Darnell Leon Cuylear, Heather Elizabeth Canavan
Improving The Palatability Of Colonoscopy Preparations, Phuong Anh Hoang Nguyen, Darnell Leon Cuylear, Heather Elizabeth Canavan
Shared Knowledge Conference
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. The most reliable screening method of CRC is a colonoscopy which requires a 4-Liter polymer with electrolytes preparation. Two in five patients are non-compliant to their colonoscopy schedules, with many patients who abstain reporting refusal due to significant discomfort associated with this preparation. Furthermore, there are distinct gender differences in the tolerance of colonoscopy preparations in male and female populations. We hypothesize the differences in clinic are a result of toxic effects of the drug associated with poor mixing by individual patients. PEG, the drug, …
An Engineer’S Take On The Bone-Ligament Interface: Utilizing Novel Technology To Improve Clinical Outcomes, Emma Garcia
An Engineer’S Take On The Bone-Ligament Interface: Utilizing Novel Technology To Improve Clinical Outcomes, Emma Garcia
Shared Knowledge Conference
Ligament repair is a common surgical practice with a significant lack of viable replacements. The current gold standard for repair is the use of tendon grafts from cadavers or from another place in the patient’s body; however, these often cause more problems than they solve including immune responses or a lack of mobility in another place in the body. Synthetic replacements are of growing interest, though the ability to mimic the complex structure of the ligament and how it connects to the bone remains an obstacle. Our lab built a 3D bioprinter combined with an electrospinner to address this complicated …
Evaluation Of A Novel Tool To Diagnose And Treat Alzheimer’S Disease, Adeline Marianne Fanni
Evaluation Of A Novel Tool To Diagnose And Treat Alzheimer’S Disease, Adeline Marianne Fanni
Shared Knowledge Conference
More than 5 million Americans are currently suffering from Alzheimer’s disease, an incurable form of dementia characterized by cell brain death. Symptoms are memory loss, behavior changes as well as speech impediment which interfere with daily life. To this date, no efficient diagnostic or therapeutic tools have been successfully developed. Indeed, accurate detection is still challenging with up to 20% misdiagnoses of Alzheimer’s cases. Additionally, the lack of efficient treatment causes one of the highest cost of patient care in the United States ($259 billion for dementia care in 2017). This information highlights the urgent need to develop diagnostic and …
Computational Investigation Of The Interactions Between Bioactive Compounds And Biological Assemblies, Tye D. Martin
Computational Investigation Of The Interactions Between Bioactive Compounds And Biological Assemblies, Tye D. Martin
Shared Knowledge Conference
Design of small molecules is an ongoing focus for developing agents against pathogenic viruses and bacteria that are threats to worldwide health. Viruses such as Zika feature assemblies of repeat peptide subunits or capsid proteins which are potential targets for antiviral compounds. Other protein assemblies are implicated in pathology of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and additional neurodegenerative diseases characterized by large assemblies of misfolded proteins such as amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau. Recent studies on a class of conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) with phenylene ethynylene moieties and charged functional groups have shown potential both as bioactive antimicrobials and theragnostic sensing agents for tracking …
Improving The Palatability Of Colonoscopy Preparations, Phuong Anh Hoang Nguyen, Sarah Mounho, Darnell Cuylear, Heather Canavan
Improving The Palatability Of Colonoscopy Preparations, Phuong Anh Hoang Nguyen, Sarah Mounho, Darnell Cuylear, Heather Canavan
Shared Knowledge Conference
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. The most reliable screening method of CRC is a colonoscopy which requires a 4-Liter polymer with electrolytes preparation. Two in five patients are non-compliant to their colonoscopy schedules, with many patients who abstain reporting refusal due to significant discomfort associated with this preparation. Furthermore, there are distinct gender differences in the tolerance of colonoscopy preparations in male and female populations. We hypothesize the differences in clinic are a result of toxic effects of the drug associated with poor mixing by individual patients. PEG, the drug, …
Controlled Nanomorphology Of Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Multi-Component Composites Through Cooperative Non-Covalent Interactions, Lingyao Meng
Controlled Nanomorphology Of Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Multi-Component Composites Through Cooperative Non-Covalent Interactions, Lingyao Meng
Shared Knowledge Conference
Hybrid organic–inorganic nanocomposite polymers, with inorganic nanoparticles embedded in organic matrix have emerged as a special category of multifunctional materials. With rational materials design, these hybrids can show the synergistic effect of the properties from both phases. Homogenous dispersion and orderly arrangement of the organic and inorganic components are key in their functionalities. By controlling the interface and corresponding interfacial interactions between the organic and inorganic entities, we have developed a logical approach to form stable and controlled hybrid nanofiber structures. We demonstrate the formation of hybrid polymer/quantum dots (or iron oxide nanoparticles) nanocomposites through non-covalent interactions (hydrogen bonding, ionic …
Autonomous Vehicle Traffic Impact Scenario Analysis: Central New Mexico Case Study, Razieh Nadafianshahamabadi
Autonomous Vehicle Traffic Impact Scenario Analysis: Central New Mexico Case Study, Razieh Nadafianshahamabadi
Shared Knowledge Conference
Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are on their way to becoming a significant part of our transportation systems and cities. Previous studies have mainly focused on how much AVs could improve traffic flow and reduce congestion or improve safety. Reducing congestion and the cost of travel time is also expected to increase travel demand, but by how much is not well understood. This study, located in Albuquerque, New Mexico, uses an integrated travel demand and land-use modeling system to evaluate how AVs may affect congestion, travel demand and land use. Our modeling system considers how traffic patterns, travel demand and land use …
3d Bioprinting And Near-Field Electrospinning Composite Scaffolds For The Bone-Ligament Interface, Emma Garcia, Christina Salas, Matthew N. Rush, Christopher Buksa, Marissa Perez, Ava Mauser, Steven Nery, Fermin Prieto, Darielys Morales
3d Bioprinting And Near-Field Electrospinning Composite Scaffolds For The Bone-Ligament Interface, Emma Garcia, Christina Salas, Matthew N. Rush, Christopher Buksa, Marissa Perez, Ava Mauser, Steven Nery, Fermin Prieto, Darielys Morales
Shared Knowledge Conference
3D bioprinting is an additive manufacturing technique that can utilize a range of bioactive materials to construct specific architectures that mimic native tissue. Near-field electrospinning (NFE) offers precise alignment control to create non-woven mats with high tensile strengths. We built a custom E-spin printer that enables layer-by-layer alternating deposition between 3D bioprinting and NFE to create composite scaffolds for the bone-ligament interface. This complex region is difficult to simulate due to its functionally graded mechanical and biochemical properties. We created NFE poly(caprolactone) highly aligned micro-fibers which formed collagen fibril-like bundles. Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate with decellularized bone was encased in the …
Radiation Transport In Stochastic Media, Corey Skinner
Radiation Transport In Stochastic Media, Corey Skinner
Shared Knowledge Conference
The need to investigate numerical methods for the transport of radiation (thermal photons, light, neutrons, gammas) in random mixtures of immiscible materials arises in numerous applications, including inertial confinement fusion, turbid media (e.g., skin tissue), stellar atmospheres, clouds, and pebble bed nuclear reactors. Stochastic geometry techniques enable rendering of realizations of such random media and deterministic finite difference/finite element as well as Monte Carlo techniques are used to numerically simulate radiation transport on a large ensemble of realizations. The results are then averaged to obtain statistical moments of the radiation intensity, in particular the mean and variance, to assess the …
Sustainable And Equitable Financing For Pedestrian Infrastructure Maintenance, Alexis Corning Padilla
Sustainable And Equitable Financing For Pedestrian Infrastructure Maintenance, Alexis Corning Padilla
Shared Knowledge Conference
In many communities, pedestrian infrastructure is discontinuous, inaccessible to those with physical disabilities, and poorly maintained. Correcting these problems would be a first step in providing infrastructure to achieve the active travel and related transportation goals of many communities. One nearly universal challenge to maintaining sidewalks in a state of good repair and addressing environmental justice concerns is an adequate, sustainable and equitable source of funding. Municipal governments across the country maintain and repair their streets and roadways; however, most require residents to maintain and repair public sidewalks adjacent to their property. These policies are difficult to enforce and may …
Demand Response Management In Smart Grid Networks: A Two-Stage Game-Theoretic Learning-Based Approach, Pavlos Athanasios Apostolopoulos
Demand Response Management In Smart Grid Networks: A Two-Stage Game-Theoretic Learning-Based Approach, Pavlos Athanasios Apostolopoulos
Shared Knowledge Conference
In this paper, the combined problem of power company selection and demand response management (DRM) in a smart grid network consisting of multiple power companies and multiple customers is studied via adopting a reinforcement learning and game-theoretic technique. Each power company is characterized by its reputation and competitiveness. The customers, acting as learning automata select the most appropriate power company to be served, in terms of price and electricity needs’ fulfillment, via a reinforcement learning based mechanism. Given customers’ power company selection, the DRM problem is formulated as a two-stage game theoretic optimization framework. At the first stage the optimal …
Genetic Algorithm Design Of Photonic Crystals For Energy-Efficient Ultrafast Laser Transmitters, Troy A. Hutchins-Delgado
Genetic Algorithm Design Of Photonic Crystals For Energy-Efficient Ultrafast Laser Transmitters, Troy A. Hutchins-Delgado
Shared Knowledge Conference
Photonic crystals allow light to be controlled and manipulated such that novel photonic devices can be created. We are interested in using photonic crystals to increase the energy efficiency of our semiconductor whistle-geometry ring lasers. A photonic crystal will enable us to reduce the ring size, while maintaining confinement, thereby reducing its operating power. Photonic crystals can also exhibit slow light that will increase the interaction with the material. This will increase the gain, and therefore, lower the threshold for lasing to occur. Designing a photonic crystal for a particular application can be a challenge due to its number of …
Comparison Of Steady And Transient Flow Boiling Critical Heat Flux (Chf) For Fecral Accident Tolerant Fuel Cladding Alloy, Zircaloy, And Inconel, Soon Kyu Lee
Shared Knowledge Conference
The nuclear reactor design focuses on building a system that is robust and reliable, is efficient and economical, and do not run into undesirable transient accident scenarios. The nuclear reactor safety focuses on ensuring the system operation under the safety margins and requirements provided by the regulatory agencies. Following the Fukushima nuclear reactor accident, the US Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) Advanced Fuels Campaign (AFC) is working to develop fuel and cladding candidates with potentially enhanced accident tolerance: ‘Advanced Tolerant Fuel’ (ATF). As a part of the AFC, this research focuses on gaining mechanistic understanding of the …
Use Of High Fidelity Fission Models In Criticality Calculations, Daniel H. Timmons
Use Of High Fidelity Fission Models In Criticality Calculations, Daniel H. Timmons
Shared Knowledge Conference
The use of Monte Carlo, random number sampling, for neutron transport has been used for about half a century. There are many benchmarks that have been used to validate neutronics codes, mostly for critical systems. Critical systems are systems where the neutron population from one generation to the next is the same. Subcriticality is when there are less neutrons in the next generation and supercriticality is when there are more neutrons in the next generation than there were in the previous. To calculate criticality, a set number of neutrons are started in a system. Those neutrons interact and the number …
End-To-End Deep Learning Systems For Scene Understanding, Path Planning And Navigation In Fire Fighter Teams, Manish Bhattarai
End-To-End Deep Learning Systems For Scene Understanding, Path Planning And Navigation In Fire Fighter Teams, Manish Bhattarai
Shared Knowledge Conference
Firefighting is a dynamic activity with many operations occurring simultaneously. Maintaining situational awareness, defined as knowledge of current conditions and activities at the scene, are critical to accurate decision making. Firefighters often carry various sensors in their personal equipment, namely thermal cameras, gas sensors, and microphones. Improved data processing techniques can mine this data more effectively and be used to improve situational awareness at all times thereby improving real-time decision making and minimizing errors in judgment induced by environmental conditions and anxiety levels. This objective of this research employs state of the art Machine Learning (ML) techniques to create an …
Optimal Attitude Control Of A Two-Cubesat Virtual Telescope In A Highly Elliptical Orbit, Reza Pirayeshshirazinezhad
Optimal Attitude Control Of A Two-Cubesat Virtual Telescope In A Highly Elliptical Orbit, Reza Pirayeshshirazinezhad
Shared Knowledge Conference
This paper investigates a novel approach for attitude control of 2 satellites acting as a virtual telescope. The Virtual Telescope for X-ray Observations (VTXO) is a mission exploiting 2 6U-CubeSats operating in a precision formation. The goal of the VTXO project is to develop a space-based, X-ray imaging telescope with high angular resolution precision. In this scheme, one CubeSat carries a diffractive lens and the other one carries an imaging device to support a focal length of 100 m. In this mission, the attitude control algorithms are required to keep the two spacecraft in alignment with the Crab Nebula observations. …
Pulsed Fiber Optics Lasers As Highly Sensitive Sensors, Hanieh Afkhamiardakani
Pulsed Fiber Optics Lasers As Highly Sensitive Sensors, Hanieh Afkhamiardakani
Shared Knowledge Conference
An interferometer or resonator is a device in which optical beams of specific frequencies circulate with minimal losses. These losses are completely compensated by the gain inside a laser resonator. A small perturbation introduced inside the laser can affect its frequency, which in turns becomes a metric of that perturbation. The perturbation is usually caused by an electric or magnetic field, rotation, acceleration, nonlinear index of refraction etc. Tiny changes of optical frequency are monitored by superimposing the laser field and a reference field (from the same laser) on a detector. This technique requires creating a laser in which two …
Cementitious Sensors Exhibiting Stopbands In Acoustic Transmission Spectra, Shreya Vemuganti
Cementitious Sensors Exhibiting Stopbands In Acoustic Transmission Spectra, Shreya Vemuganti
Shared Knowledge Conference
Ultrasonic monitoring in cementitious materials is challenging due to the high degree of attenuation. In wellbore environments, monitoring becomes more challenging due to inaccessibility. Meta materials, also known as acoustic bandgap materials, exhibit an interesting feature of forbidding the propagation of elastic/sound waves and isolate vibration in a certain frequency band. Traditionally, acoustic bandgap materials are developed with inclusions such as tin, aluminum, gold, steel in a polymer matrix. In this study, we present the development of three-dimensional cementitious sensors capable of exhibiting stopbands in the acoustic transmission spectra using carbon nanotubes. Relatively wide stopbands were engineered using Floquet-Bloch periodic …
Achieving High Catalytic Activity And Redox Stability Of Doped Ceria Through A Novel Sol Gel Synthesis, Christopher Riley
Achieving High Catalytic Activity And Redox Stability Of Doped Ceria Through A Novel Sol Gel Synthesis, Christopher Riley
Shared Knowledge Conference
Ceria is widely studied in catalysis because of its high oxygen mobility and storage capacity. These properties are enhanced by the incorporation of dopant atoms into the ceria crystal structure. However, creating a homogenously doped structure requires a suitable synthesis technique. Otherwise, dopant atoms form an oxide phase on the ceria surface, which blocks highly active catalytic sites. Traditional production methods allow for cerium and dopant ions to segregate during synthesis. In this work, we demonstrate a novel sol gel synthesis method for producing homogeneously doped ceria. The method is easy and avoids the use of hazardous chemicals. Higher dopant …