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Full-Text Articles in Engineering

A Constitutive Material Model For Simulating Texture Evolution And Anisotropy Effects In Cold Spray., Creston Michael Giles Dec 2022

A Constitutive Material Model For Simulating Texture Evolution And Anisotropy Effects In Cold Spray., Creston Michael Giles

Theses and Dissertations

Cold spray has seen rapid advancement since its inception and has shown significant potential as a method of additive manufacturing. However, the large plastic deformation and repeated heating/cooling cycles that the material undergoes during the cold spray process can result in gradients in material structure and large residual stresses. The purpose of this study is to extend the existing EMMI material model to include anisotropic material response through the use of orientation distribution functions to predict residual stresses and anisotropy resulting from cold spray and similar additive manufacturing processes. Through the use of a finite element simulation, yield surfaces for …


Ferrous Alloy Manufacturing For The Martian Surface Through In-Situ Resource Utilization With Ionic Liquids Harvested Iron And Bosch Process Carbon, Blake C. Stewart Aug 2022

Ferrous Alloy Manufacturing For The Martian Surface Through In-Situ Resource Utilization With Ionic Liquids Harvested Iron And Bosch Process Carbon, Blake C. Stewart

Theses and Dissertations

As research continues for the habitation of the Lunar and Martian surfaces, the need for materials for construction of structural parts, mechanical components, and tools remains as a major milestone. The use of in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) techniques is critical due to the financial, physical, and logistical burdens of sending supplies beyond low-Earth orbit. The Bosch process is currently in development as a life support system at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) to regenerate oxygen (O2) from metabolic carbon dioxide (CO2) with the byproduct of elemental carbon (C). The Bosch process presents a …


Effects Of Cyclic Intercritical Annealing On Strength-Ductility Combinations In Medium Manganese Steels, Dawn Van Iderstine Aug 2022

Effects Of Cyclic Intercritical Annealing On Strength-Ductility Combinations In Medium Manganese Steels, Dawn Van Iderstine

Theses and Dissertations

Intercritically annealed medium manganese steels are a promising third-generation advanced high-strength steel candidate, relying on large fractions of Mn-enriched retained austenite for excellent strength-ductility combinations. The present study proposes a novel cyclic intercritical annealing to promote nucleation and efficient stabilization of austenite in a medium Mn microstructure. Design of the heat treatment is driven by the hypothesis that the distribution of ductile austenite is key in mitigating the strain incompatibility that accelerates failure in these steels. Development and preliminary testing of the heat treatment are first detailed and compared with literature results for equivalent isothermal annealing. The effects of cyclic …


Characterization Of Hydrogen Embrittlement Sensitivity In High Hardness Steels, David Ahlen Salley May 2022

Characterization Of Hydrogen Embrittlement Sensitivity In High Hardness Steels, David Ahlen Salley

Theses and Dissertations

High hardness steels can be affected by delayed brittle cracking often attributed to hydrogen embrittlement. Improved resistance to hydrogen embrittlement would be beneficial to many industries including military, automotive, and high-rise construction. While other prevention methods include coating, trapping, and barriers, design efforts in this study were focused on improving intrinsic properties to be more resistant to hydrogen embrittlement. Four alloys targeting 477 – 534 HB were designed and produced in-house and compared against a commercial grade 500 HB alloy. Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact toughness and tensile specimens were made according to ASTM E23 and ASTM E8 to characterize mechanical …


Study Of Alloy And Process Modifications To Design Hydrogen Resilient High Hardness Steels, William R. Williams Dec 2021

Study Of Alloy And Process Modifications To Design Hydrogen Resilient High Hardness Steels, William R. Williams

Theses and Dissertations

High hardness steels (HHS) are vulnerable to hydrogen embrittlement, which can lead to rapid degradation of mechanical properties. Improved resistance to hydrogen embrittlement would be beneficial to many industries including construction, automotive, and military. A comparison study was performed to assess the hydrogen susceptibility of select commercially available and in-house designed HHS alloys. Slow strain rate tensile tests, performed with specimens charged with various levels of hydrogen, provided a macroscopic view of the onset of hydrogen embrittlement. Hydrogen permeation and thermal desorption spectroscopy tests determined the uptake and diffusivity of hydrogen through the material. The evaluation of hydrogen susceptibility for …


Process Parameter Development Of Additively Manufactured Af9628 Weapons Steel, Erin M. Hager Mar 2019

Process Parameter Development Of Additively Manufactured Af9628 Weapons Steel, Erin M. Hager

Theses and Dissertations

The manufacture of components in Additive Manufacturing processes is limited by the range of materials available. Qualification of materials for Additive Manufacturing is time intensive, and is often specific to a single type of machine. In this study, an approach to selecting power, speed, and hatch spacing values for a newly powderized material, AF9628 weapons steel, is described that results in highly dense (>99.9%) parts on an MLab 200R Cusing. Initial power and speed values used in a weld track study were selected based on a survey of parameters used on similar materials, with a focus on the energy …


Metallic Systems At The Nano And Micro Scale: Bimetallic Nanoparticles As Catalysts And Mcraly Bond Coats In Thermal Barrier Coatings, Kenneth Kane Jan 2019

Metallic Systems At The Nano And Micro Scale: Bimetallic Nanoparticles As Catalysts And Mcraly Bond Coats In Thermal Barrier Coatings, Kenneth Kane

Theses and Dissertations

The dissertation is split into two parts. The first part will be focused on changes in material properties found at the nanoscale, as miscibility and electronic structure can change significantly with size. The formation of classically-immiscible bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) becomes favorable at the nanoscale and novel catalytic properties can emerge from the bimetallic alloying. The formation of alloyed and non-alloyed BNPs is achieved through pulse laser ablation (PLA) and a significant increase in catalytic activity is observed for both. Recently discovered, the increased activity in the non-alloyed BNPs, deemed multicomponent photocatalysis, is examined and the proposed mechanism discussed. The second …


Environmental Degradation Of Nickel-Based Superalloys Due To Gypsiferous Desert Dusts, Matthew B. Krisak Sep 2015

Environmental Degradation Of Nickel-Based Superalloys Due To Gypsiferous Desert Dusts, Matthew B. Krisak

Theses and Dissertations

More than twenty-five years of continuous operation in the dusty environments of Southwest Asia have shown that degradation of gas turbine engine components due to particle ingestion is a serious threat to operations. In particular, the continued push for higher engine operating temperatures has brought a new emphasis to the damage mechanisms (for example CMAS glass formation and hot corrosion) caused by ingested particles forming molten deposits on engine components. Despite decades of research little progress has been made to mitigate the effects of CMAS and hot corrosion degradation to engine components. This research focused on hot corrosion specifically. A …


Hard Collisions In Rubidium Using Sub-Doppler Spectroscopy, Douglas E. Thornton Mar 2010

Hard Collisions In Rubidium Using Sub-Doppler Spectroscopy, Douglas E. Thornton

Theses and Dissertations

To better understand the laser kinetics of an alkali gain medium, hard collisions, or velocity-changing collisions, has been studied and a velocity-changing collisional rate has been calculated. Previous works have studied these collisions, but no rate has been calculated. Using the precise tool of sub-Doppler spectroscopy, atomic hard collisions can be observed. The collected spectra are fitted with two different line shapes to demonstrate the accuracy of this method. From the fits, the number of hard collisions can be extracted. The time scale of the hard collisions in rubidium is interpolated by varying the chopping frequency of the pump beam, …


Rubidium Recycling In A High Intensity Short Duration Pulsed Alkali Laser, Wooddy S. Miller Mar 2010

Rubidium Recycling In A High Intensity Short Duration Pulsed Alkali Laser, Wooddy S. Miller

Theses and Dissertations

Laser induced fluorescence was used to study how pump pulse duration and alkali recycle time effects maximum power output in a Diode Pumped Alkali Laser (DPAL) system. A high intensity short pulsed pump source was used to excited rubidium atoms inside a DPAL-type laser. The maximum output power of the laser showed a strong dependence upon the temporal width of the pump pulse in addition to the input pump intensity. A linear relationship was observed between the maximum output power and the pulse width due to the effective lifetime of the excited state, defined as the time it takes for …


Effects Of Polishing Shot-Peened Surfaces On Fretting Fatigue Behavior Of Ti-6al-4v, Kasey S. Scheel Sep 2006

Effects Of Polishing Shot-Peened Surfaces On Fretting Fatigue Behavior Of Ti-6al-4v, Kasey S. Scheel

Theses and Dissertations

The research of this thesis was done to investigate the effects of polishing a shot-peened specimen of Ti-6Al-4V on the fretting fatigue life of that specimen. The shot-peening process, though one of the most beneficial techniques in prolonging fretting fatigue life, creates a textured surface that may lead to problems on the micro level. This research was done in an attempt to further improve the peening process by examining the effects of another surface treatment to be used in conjunction, surface polishing. The rough peened surface may contain abrupt changes in surface geometry that act as stress risers, which are …


Wear Analysis Of Cu-Al Coating On Ti-6al-4v Under Fretting, Karl N. Murray Jun 2006

Wear Analysis Of Cu-Al Coating On Ti-6al-4v Under Fretting, Karl N. Murray

Theses and Dissertations

The effects of changes in the coefficient of friction (CoF) between the contacting surfaces on the fretting wear characteristics of Cu-Al coating on Ti-6Al-4V were investigated. This Cu-Al coating is part of a system that is applied to titanium turbine blades to reduce fretting at the interface. In the application, there is a solid lubricant that is added on top of the coating as an assembly aid and to help reduce the friction while the lubricant remains within the contact. Previous studies have researched the characteristics of the coating without the additional lubricant. In this study, liquid motor oil was …


Validation Of A Scaled Plane Strain Hypervelocity Gouging Model, Ronald J. Pendleton Mar 2006

Validation Of A Scaled Plane Strain Hypervelocity Gouging Model, Ronald J. Pendleton

Theses and Dissertations

The phenomenon of high speed impact is of great interest to the Air Force of Scientific Research and the Air Force Research Laboratory's Holloman High Speed test track. Rocket sled tests at the facility frequently are limited to velocities lower than actually attainable due to damage to the rail in the form of gouges. Direct observation of the gouging phenomenon is not currently possible. This leaves computational modeling as the only means to study the phenomenon. A computer model has previously been used to model the development of gouging at the Holloman High Speed Test Track. However, this model has …


An Investigation Of A Simplified Gouging Model, Gregory S. Rickerd Mar 2005

An Investigation Of A Simplified Gouging Model, Gregory S. Rickerd

Theses and Dissertations

Gouging is a type of structural failure that becomes important when two metals slide against each other at velocities in the range of 1.5 kilometers per second. A computer model has previously been used to model the development of gouging at the Holloman High Speed Test Track. This model has not been experimentally verified to be correct, due to the complexity of the model. This research develops a simplified model that can be experimentally verified. The computer program utilized in this research was studied to determine the most appropriate options to use in simulations. This was accomplished by modeling a …


The Evaluation Of The Damping Characteristics Of A Hard Coating On Titanium, Christopher M. Blackwell Mar 2004

The Evaluation Of The Damping Characteristics Of A Hard Coating On Titanium, Christopher M. Blackwell

Theses and Dissertations

Engine failures due to fatigue have cost the Air Force an estimated $400 million dollars per year over the past two decades (Garrison, 2001). Damping treatments capable of reducing the internal stresses of fan and turbine blades to levels where fatigue is less likely to occur have the potential for reducing cost while enhancing reliability. This research evaluates the damping characteristics of magnesium aluminate spinel, MgO+Al2O3, (mag spinel) on titanium plates. The material and aspect ratio were chosen to approximate the low aspect ratio blades found in military gas turbine fans. The plates were tested with …


Fretting Fatigue Behavior Of A Titanium Alloy Ti-6al-4v At Elevated Temperature, Onder Sahan Mar 2002

Fretting Fatigue Behavior Of A Titanium Alloy Ti-6al-4v At Elevated Temperature, Onder Sahan

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research is to investigate the fretting fatigue behavior of the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V at elevated temperature is investigated. Fretting and plain fatigue experiments are conducted at 260 °C. Crack initiation location and crack initiation orientation is measured and fretting and plain fatigue life data of the specimens from these tests are obtained. Fatigue parameters capable of predicting the number of cycles to specimen failure, the crack location and the crack orientation along the contact surface are analyzed. The parameters are calculated by using the computed stresses and strains obtained from the finite element analysis. The mechanisms …


Thickness Effects On A Cracked Aluminum Plate With Composite Patch Repair, Joel J. Schubbe Jun 1997

Thickness Effects On A Cracked Aluminum Plate With Composite Patch Repair, Joel J. Schubbe

Theses and Dissertations

Post-repair fatigue crack growth was investigated in 3.175, 4.826, and 6.35 mm thick aluminum panels asymmetrically repaired with boron/epoxy composite patches bonded to the plates with FM73 sheet adhesive. Patches were uniaxial with patch to panel stiffness ratios ranging from 0.46 to 1.3. Experimental fatigue tests were carried out at 120 MPa, R=0.1, and 10 Hz (sinusoidal) to measure patched and unpatched face crack lengths, center crack opening displacements, and selected strains. Crack growth data was acquired using optical, eddy current, and post-test analysis methods. Crack growth rates were calculated using the incremental polynomial method. A three-layer Mindlin plate finite …


Residual Strength And Fatigue Characterization Of Scs-6/Ti-6-4, Sang-Myung Lee Dec 1996

Residual Strength And Fatigue Characterization Of Scs-6/Ti-6-4, Sang-Myung Lee

Theses and Dissertations

Metal matrix composite have potential in a variety of aerospace applications, but they should be better understood before they can be employed. Despite the many studies that have contributed to characterizing the fatigue response of titanium alloy MMCs, few have researched the residual strength. The purpose of this study was to investigate the residual strength and the frequency effects on the residual strength of an unidirectional laminate of SCS-6/Ti-6-4, a titanium alloy matrix based composite under tension-tension, load-controlled conditions at elevated temperatures and different frequencies. Specimens were fatigued at frequencies of 1 and 0.01Hz, and at maximum stress of 900MPa …


Investigation Of Compressive Behavior For Metal Matrix Composites With A Circular Hole, Janet L. Gooder Dec 1993

Investigation Of Compressive Behavior For Metal Matrix Composites With A Circular Hole, Janet L. Gooder

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the notched and unnotched macromechanical response due to micromechanical behavior of [0/±45/90]S SCS-6/β 21 S and [0/90] 2S Sigma/β 21S subjected to static compressive loads at room temperature. The stress-strain behavior and mechanical response in the presence of a circular hole was examined. A clear description of the progressive nature of damage, which ultimately resulted in failure, was provided. The effect of elevated temperature was shown for SCS-6/β 21S. The ultimate compressive strength and elastic modulus were reported for both MMCs. Sigma/β 21S and SCS-6/β 21S were mildly notch sensitive at room temperature. Notch sensitivity of …


Investigation Of Tension-Compression Fatigue Behavior Of A Cross-Ply Metal Matrix Composite At Room And Elevated Temperatures, Elizabeth A. Boyum Dec 1993

Investigation Of Tension-Compression Fatigue Behavior Of A Cross-Ply Metal Matrix Composite At Room And Elevated Temperatures, Elizabeth A. Boyum

Theses and Dissertations

This research, the first load-controlled tension-compression fatigue testing to be performed on a MMC, extends the existing knowledge of MMC fatigue damage mechanisms to include the tension compression loading condition. To accomplish this, a (0/90)2, SCS-6/Ti-15-3 laminate was subjected to tension- tension fatigue at room temperature, and tension-compression fatigue at both room temperature and 427°C. Stress and strain data was taken to evaluate the macro-mechanic behavior of the material. Microscopy and fractography were performed to characterize the damage on a micro-mechanic level. On a maximum applied stress basis, the room temperature tension-tension specimens had longer fatigue lives than the room …


Characterization Of Fatigue Damage In A Metal Matrix Composite (Scs-6/ Ti-15-3) At Elevated Temperature, Brian P. Sanders Nov 1993

Characterization Of Fatigue Damage In A Metal Matrix Composite (Scs-6/ Ti-15-3) At Elevated Temperature, Brian P. Sanders

Theses and Dissertations

The fatigue characteristics of a unidirectional titanium based metal matrix composite (MMC) were investigated at elevated temperature (427°C). A hybrid strain controlled loading mode was used to subject the 0° and 90° laminas to fatigue. Along with the fatigue tests, microscopy and analytical modeling ware also conducted. This combination of activities led to defining the initiation and progression of damage and deformation in the MMC. Hen loading was parallel to the fiber on, the fatigue behavior was initially dominated by creep deformation of the matrix. Then, depending on the maximum strain, specimen failure was the result either fiber fractures or …


Investigation Of The Platinum-Rich Portion Of The Platinum-Tantalum Phase Diagram, Bob Dean Browning Aug 1961

Investigation Of The Platinum-Rich Portion Of The Platinum-Tantalum Phase Diagram, Bob Dean Browning

Theses and Dissertations

The Pt-Ta binary system was investigated at two isotherms;1000°C and 1500°C, and at eleven alloy compositions in the range of 50 to 100 atomic percent platinum. The alloys were examined by x-ray diffraction and metallography. Three intermetallic compounds, Pt2Ta, Pt3Ta, and Pt4Ta were found to exist in this composition range. The Pt4Ta intermetallic appeared only at the 1500°C isotherm. Platinum dissolved tantalum substitutionally to 90 atomic percent at 1500 °C and to approximately 80 atomic percent at 1000 °C.