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Articles 1 - 30 of 45
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
A Map-Algebra-Inspired Approach For Interacting With Wireless Sensor Networks, Cyber-Physical Systems Or Internet Of Things, David Almeida
A Map-Algebra-Inspired Approach For Interacting With Wireless Sensor Networks, Cyber-Physical Systems Or Internet Of Things, David Almeida
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The typical approach for consuming data from wireless sensor networks (WSN) and Internet of Things (IoT) has been to send data back to central servers for processing and analysis. This thesis develops an alternative strategy for processing and acting on data directly in the environment referred to as Active embedded Map Algebra (AeMA). Active refers to the near real time production of data, and embedded refers to the architecture of distributed embedded sensor nodes. Network macroprogramming, a style of programming adopted for wireless sensor networks and IoT, addresses the challenges of coordinating the behavior of multiple connected devices through a …
A Modular Framework For Surface-Embedded Actuation And Optical Sensing In Soft Robots., Paul Bupe Jr
A Modular Framework For Surface-Embedded Actuation And Optical Sensing In Soft Robots., Paul Bupe Jr
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation explores the development and integration of modular technologies in soft robotics, with a focus on the OptiGap sensor system. OptiGap serves as a simple, flexible, cost-effective solution for real-time sensing of bending and deformation, validated through simulation and experimentation. Working as part of an emerging category of soft robotics called Soft, Curved, Reconfigurable, Anisotropic Mechanisms, or SCRAMs, this research also introduces the Thermally-Activated SCRAM Limb (TASL) technology, which employs shape-memory alloy (SMA) wire embedded in curved sheets for surface actuation and served as the initial inspiration for OptiGap. In addition, the EneGate system is presented as a complementary …
Validation Of Expanded Trend-To-Trend Cross-Calibration Technique And Its Application To Global Scale, Ramita Shah
Validation Of Expanded Trend-To-Trend Cross-Calibration Technique And Its Application To Global Scale, Ramita Shah
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The expanded Trend-to-Trend (T2T) cross-calibration technique has the potential to calibrate two sensors in much less time and provides trends on daily assessment basis. The trend obtained from the expanded technique aids in evaluating the differences between satellite sensors. Therefore, this technique was validated with several trusted cross-calibration techniques to evaluate its accuracy. Initially, the expanded T2T technique was validated with three independent RadcaTS RRV, DIMITRI-PICS, and APICS models, and results show a 1% average difference with other models over all bands. Further, this technique was validated with other SDSU techniques to calibrate the newly launched satellite Landsat 9 with …
Predicting Jamming Systems Frequency Hopping Sequences Using Artificial Neural Networks, Charles Strickland
Predicting Jamming Systems Frequency Hopping Sequences Using Artificial Neural Networks, Charles Strickland
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This work proposes a neural network architecture that was designed to predict and reverse engineer frequency hopping jamming systems. The neural network was initially optimized for use with a 12th order linear shift feedback register maximum length sequence utilizing a minimal polynomial as the characteristic polynomial. This neural network was then scaled to accommodate 7 different sequences, of orders 6 through 12. The neural network was trained for these sequences using training data that is 10 times the length of the sequence. This information is then used to generate a hopping sequence that reduces the jamming interference to 0 with …
Low Cost And Reliable Wireless Sensor Networks For Environmental Monitoring, Sonia Naderi
Low Cost And Reliable Wireless Sensor Networks For Environmental Monitoring, Sonia Naderi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This thesis utilizes wireless sensor network systems to learn of changes in wireless network performance and environment, establishing power efficient systems that are low cost and are able to perform large scale monitoring. The proposed system was built at the University of Maine’s Wireless Sensor Networks (WiSe-Net) laboratory in collaboration with University of New Hampshire and University of Vermont researchers. The system was configured to perform soil moisture measurement with provision to include other sensor types at later stages in collaboration with Alabama A & M University. In the research associated with this thesis, a general relay energy assisted scenario …
Reduced Fuel Emissions Through Connected Vehicles And Truck Platooning, Paul D. Brummitt
Reduced Fuel Emissions Through Connected Vehicles And Truck Platooning, Paul D. Brummitt
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication enable the sharing, in real time, of vehicular locations and speeds with other vehicles, traffic signals, and traffic control centers. This shared information can help traffic to better traverse intersections, road segments, and congested neighborhoods, thereby reducing travel times, increasing driver safety, generating data for traffic planning, and reducing vehicular pollution. This study, which focuses on vehicular pollution, used an analysis of data from NREL, BTS, and the EPA to determine that the widespread use of V2V-based truck platooning—the convoying of trucks in close proximity to one another so as to reduce air drag …
Design, Implementation, And Test Of Spacecraft Antennae And A Ground Station For Mesat1, Travis Russell
Design, Implementation, And Test Of Spacecraft Antennae And A Ground Station For Mesat1, Travis Russell
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
MESAT1 is a CubeSat that was proposed by the University of Maine in response to NASA's CubeSat Launch Initiative, and in early 2020 was selected by NASA to be launched into a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) in June of 2022. The satellite will carry four low-cost complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) cameras which serve as sensing instruments for three science missions proposed by K-12 schools in Maine. The cameras will periodically take pictures of Earth to analyze water turbidity, identify urban heat islands, and predict harmful algal blooms. The multi-spectral image data is packed into frames and downlinked as Binary Phase-Shift Keying …
Data-Enabled Distribution Grid Management, Zohreh Sadat Hosseini
Data-Enabled Distribution Grid Management, Zohreh Sadat Hosseini
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In 2020, U.S. electric utilities installed more than 94 million advanced meters, which brought the percentage of residential customers equipped with smart meters to 75%. This significant investment allows collecting extensive customer data at the distribution level, however, the data are not currently leveraged effectively to help with system operations. This dissertation aims to use the smart meters’ data to improve the grid’s reliability, stability, and controllability by solving two of the most challenging problems at the distribution level, namely distribution network phase identification and outage identification.
Distribution networks have typically been the least observable and most dynamic and locally …
Flight Trajectory Prediction For Aeronautical Communications., Nathan T Schimpf
Flight Trajectory Prediction For Aeronautical Communications., Nathan T Schimpf
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The development of future technologies for the National Airspace System (NAS) will be reliant on a new communications infrastructure capable of managing a limited spectrum among aircraft and ground systems. Emerging approaches to this spectrum allocation task mostly consider machine learning techniques reliant on aircraft and Air Traffic Control (ATC) sector data. Much of this data, however, is not directly available. This thesis considers the development of two such data products: the 4D trajectory (latitude, longitude, altitude, and time) of aircraft, and the anticipated airspace utilization and communication demand within an ATC sector. Data predictions are treated as a time …
Accurate Range-Based Indoor Localization Using Pso-Kalman Filter Fusion, Paul Bupe Jr
Accurate Range-Based Indoor Localization Using Pso-Kalman Filter Fusion, Paul Bupe Jr
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Accurate indoor localization often depends on infrastructure support for distance estimation in range-based techniques. One can also trade off accuracy to reduce infrastructure investment by using relative positions of other nodes, as in range-free localization. Even for range-based methods where accurate Ultra-WideBand (UWB) signals are used, non line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions pose significant difficulty in accurate indoor localization. Existing solutions rely on additional measurements from sensors and typically correct the noise using a Kalman filter (KF). Solutions can also be customized to specific environments through extensive profiling. In this work, a range-based indoor localization algorithm called PSO - Kalman Filter Fusion …
Cognitive Satellite Communications And Representation Learning For Streaming And Complex Graphs., Wenqi Liu
Cognitive Satellite Communications And Representation Learning For Streaming And Complex Graphs., Wenqi Liu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation includes two topics. The first topic studies a promising dynamic spectrum access algorithm (DSA) that improves the throughput of satellite communication (SATCOM) under the uncertainty. The other topic investigates distributed representation learning for streaming and complex networks. DSA allows a secondary user to access the spectrum that are not occupied by primary users. However, uncertainty in SATCOM causes more spectrum sensing errors. In this dissertation, the uncertainty has been addressed by formulating a DSA decision-making process as a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) model to optimally determine which channels to sense and access. Large-scale networks have attracted …
Evaluation Of An Extended Pics (Epics) For Calibration And Stability Monitoring Of Optical Satellite Sensors, Md Nahid Hasan
Evaluation Of An Extended Pics (Epics) For Calibration And Stability Monitoring Of Optical Satellite Sensors, Md Nahid Hasan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Pseudo Invariant Calibration Sites (PICS) have been increasingly used as an independent data source for on-orbit radiometric calibration and stability monitoring of optical satellite sensors. Generally, this would be a small region of land that is extremely stable in time and space, predominantly found in North Africa. Use of these small regions, referred to as traditional PICS, can be limited by: i) the spatial extent of an individual Region of Interest (ROI) and/or site; ii) and the frequency of how often the site can be acquired, based on orbital patterns and cloud cover at the site, both impacting the time …
Coordinated Smart Home Thermal And Energy Management System Using A Co-Simulation Framework, Prateek Munankarmi
Coordinated Smart Home Thermal And Energy Management System Using A Co-Simulation Framework, Prateek Munankarmi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The increasing demand for electricity especially during the peak hours threaten the grid reliability. Demand response (DR), changing the load pattern of the consumer in response to system conditions, can decrease energy consumption during periods of high wholesale market price and also maintain system reliability. Residential homes consume 38% of the total electric energy in the U.S., making them promising for DR participation. Consumers can be motivated to participate in DR programs by providing incentives (incentive-based DR), or by introducing a time-varying tariff for electricity consumption (price-based DR). A home energy management system (HEMS), an automated system which can alter …
Reinforcement Learning And Game Theory For Smart Grid Security, Shuva Paul
Reinforcement Learning And Game Theory For Smart Grid Security, Shuva Paul
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation focuses on one of the most critical and complicated challenges facing electric power transmission and distribution systems which is their vulnerability against failure and attacks. Large scale power outages in Australia (2016), Ukraine (2015), India (2013), Nigeria (2018), and the United States (2011, 2003) have demonstrated the vulnerability of power grids to cyber and physical attacks and failures. These incidents clearly indicate the necessity of extensive research efforts to protect the power system from external intrusion and to reduce the damages from post-attack effects. We analyze the vulnerability of smart power grids to cyber and physical attacks and …
Data-Driven Test Cases For Sustainability Assessment Of Smart Grid Initiatives In Organized Electricity Markets, Venkat Durvasulu
Data-Driven Test Cases For Sustainability Assessment Of Smart Grid Initiatives In Organized Electricity Markets, Venkat Durvasulu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The primary aim of this dissertation is to deliver a technique to augment power system test cases with realistic open-source data to represent a deregulated power system. These test cases are intended to be used by power system researchers who require a test case that is capable of performing economic and environmental analysis on a bulk-power level. These test cases are capable of estimating the cost of bulk-energy for economic analysis and harmful greenhouse gas (GHG) and air polluting (AP) emissions for environmental sustainability analysis. These cases are developed for simulations that are intended to be at the transmission level …
Radar Detection, Tracking And Identification For Uav Sense And Avoid Applications, Erik George Moore
Radar Detection, Tracking And Identification For Uav Sense And Avoid Applications, Erik George Moore
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Advances in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology have enabled wider access for the general public leading to more stringent flight regulations, such as the "line of sight" restriction, for hobbyists and commercial applications. Improving sensor technology for Sense And Avoid (SAA) systems is currently a major research area in the unmanned vehicle community. This thesis overviews efforts made to advance intelligent algorithms used to detect, track, and identify commercial UAV targets by enabling rapid prototyping of novel radar techniques such as micro-Doppler radar target identification or cognitive radar. To enable empirical radar signal processing evaluations, an S-Band and X-Band frequency …
Mode Conversions In Active Semiconductor Mqw Integrated Optics Devices, Yousef Alahmadi
Mode Conversions In Active Semiconductor Mqw Integrated Optics Devices, Yousef Alahmadi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Optical communication systems had successfully met the increasing demands for higher communication speeds through the utilization of all degrees of freedom of the light propagating in a single-mode fiber (SMF). However, the Shannon limit restricts further improvements of the capacity in the SMFs. Space-division multiplexing (SDM) offers a way for further increasing the capacity of optical fibers through the utilization of the spatial domain. However, for it to be successfully implemented, many integral parts of the optical communication must be tuned or modified to work effectively with the multimode fibers, including few-mode amplifiers, and mode converters. In this work, we …
Wireless Sensor System For Mild Cognitive Impairment Diagnosis, Ahmed A. Almaghasilah Mr
Wireless Sensor System For Mild Cognitive Impairment Diagnosis, Ahmed A. Almaghasilah Mr
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which causes decline in the cognitive functions, is the
major lead of dementia. AD begins showing damage in memory, making patients
dependent on caregivers. Treating AD requires early diagnosis of its signs. The
initial sign of AD is mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which is the middle stage
between a healthy patient and one diagnosed with AD. The proposed sleep
monitoring system is capable of diagnosing MCI symptoms.
MCI patients are characterized with sleep fragmentation and sleep disorder. The
sleep fragmentation is defined as awakenings that interrupt the normal sleep. The
proposed system in this thesis uses force …
Stochastic Modeling Of Wireless Energy Transfer With Applications In Wireless Displacement Sensing Of Structures, Shaun G. Veilleux
Stochastic Modeling Of Wireless Energy Transfer With Applications In Wireless Displacement Sensing Of Structures, Shaun G. Veilleux
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Wireless communications are being utilized in nearly every field of work and impact virtually everyone's daily life. With the increased use of wireless sensors, the difficulty of powering them becomes more apparent. One emerging technology is the use of wireless energy transfer which utilizes either a designated transmitter or harvests otherwise wasted energy. Since the amount of transferable wireless energy is limited modeling and simulating a system's probability of operation is desired in order to maximize the run time of the sensor. These simulations allow for the investigation into the impact of a smart scheduling algorithm that can determine the …
Low Power Wide Area Networks (Lpwan): Technology Review And Experimental Study On Mobility Effect, Dhaval Patel
Low Power Wide Area Networks (Lpwan): Technology Review And Experimental Study On Mobility Effect, Dhaval Patel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In the past decade, we have witnessed explosive growth in the number of low-power embedded and Internet-connected devices, reinforcing the new paradigm, Internet of Things (IoT). IoT devices like smartphones, home security systems, smart electric meters, garage parking indicators, etc., have penetrated deeply into our daily lives. These IoT devices are increasingly attached and operated in mobile objects like unmanned vehicles, trains, airplanes, etc. The low power wide area network (LPWAN), due to its long-range, low-power and low-cost communication capability, is actively considered by academia and industry as the future wireless communication standard for IoT. However, despite the increasing popularity …
Design, Implementation And A Pilot Study Of Mobile Framework For Pedestrian Safety Using Smartphone Sensors, Aawesh Man Shrestha
Design, Implementation And A Pilot Study Of Mobile Framework For Pedestrian Safety Using Smartphone Sensors, Aawesh Man Shrestha
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Pedestrian distraction from smartphones is a serious social problem that caused an ever increasing number of fatalities especially as virtual reality (VR) games have gained popularity recently. In this thesis, we present the design, implementation, and a pilot study of WiPedCross, a WiFi direct-based pedestrian safety system that senses and evaluates a risk, and alerts accordingly the user to prevent traffic accidents. In order to develop a non-intrusive, accurate, and energy-efficient pedestrian safety system, a number of technical challenges are addressed: to enhance the positioning accuracy of the user for precise risk assessment, a map-matching algorithm based on a Hidden …
Study Of Optical Ofdm System For Wireless Lan Applications, Salih Mohamed S. Kenshil
Study Of Optical Ofdm System For Wireless Lan Applications, Salih Mohamed S. Kenshil
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The advantages of optical fiber make it possible to extend the data rate transmission and propagation distance. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) as a multicarrier technique (MC) is used in hybrid optical-wireless system designs because it has the best spectral efficiency to radio frequency (RF) interference and lower multipath distortion. In this dissertation, a study and evaluation of optical OFDM based wireless local area network (W-LAN) systems are presented. The baseband of the OFDM signal is fully transmitted and up-converted to a radio frequency signal. Also, to reduce system costs, simple base stations (BSs) are interconnected to a central office …
Queue Stability Analysis In Network Coded Wireless Multicast., Nadieh Mohamadi-Moghadam
Queue Stability Analysis In Network Coded Wireless Multicast., Nadieh Mohamadi-Moghadam
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this dissertation queue stability in wireless multicast networks with packet erasure channels is studied. Our focus is on optimizing packet scheduling so as to maximize throughput. Specifically, new queuing strategies consisting of several sub-queues are introduced, where all newly arrived packets are first stored in the main sub-queue on a first-come-first-served basis. Using the receiver feedback, the transmitter combines packets from different sub-queues for transmission. Our objective is to maximize the input rate under the queue stability constraints. Two packet scheduling and encoding algorithms have been developed. First, the optimization problem is formulated as a linear programming (LP) problem, …
Low-Resolution Adc Receiver Design, Mimo Interference Cancellation Prototyping, And Phy Secrecy Analysis., Chen Cao
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation studies three independent research topics in the general field of wireless communications. The first topic focuses on new receiver design with low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADC). In future massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems, multiple high-speed high-resolution ADCs will become a bottleneck for practical applications because of the hardware complexity and power consumption. One solution to this problem is to adopt low-cost low-precision ADCs instead. In Chapter II, MU-MIMO-OFDM systems only equipped with low-precision ADCs are considered. A new turbo receiver structure is proposed to improve the overall system performance. Meanwhile, ultra-low-cost communication devices can enable massive deployment of disposable wireless …
Development Of Microgrid Test Bed For Testing Energy Management System, Shaili Nepal
Development Of Microgrid Test Bed For Testing Energy Management System, Shaili Nepal
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Today the world population has reached 7.5 billion, and this number is expected to grow at the rate of 1.13% every year [1]. With this increase in population, the total demand for electricity has also increased. More people means the need for more power: electricity to power homes, schools, industries, hospitals, and so on. In today’s world, where most of the daily activities are dependent on electricity, demand for electricity, therefore, continues to rise. Currently, managing this growing need for electricity is one of the challenges the world is facing. In addition to this, approximately 1.2 billion people live in …
Efficient Energy Optimization For Smart Grid And Smart Community, Avijit Das
Efficient Energy Optimization For Smart Grid And Smart Community, Avijit Das
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The electric power industry has undergone significant changes in response to the environmental concerns during the past decades. Nowadays, due to the integration of different distributed energy systems in the smart grid, the balancing between power generation and load demand becomes a critical problem. Specifically, due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources (RESs) , power system optimization becomes significantly complicated. Due to the uncertain nature of RESs, the system may fail to ensure the power quality which may cause increased operating costs for committing costly reserve units or penalty costs for curtailing load demands. This dissertation presents three …
Identification, Calculation And Warning Of Horizontal Curves For Low-Volume Two-Lane Roadways Using Smartphone Sensors, Shaohu Zhang
Identification, Calculation And Warning Of Horizontal Curves For Low-Volume Two-Lane Roadways Using Smartphone Sensors, Shaohu Zhang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Smartphones and other portable personal devices that integrate global positioning systems, Bluetooth Low Energy, and advanced computing technologies have become more accessible due to affordable prices, product innovation, and people’s desire to be connected. As more people own these devices, there are greater opportunities for data acquisition in Intelligent Transportation Systems, and for vehicle-to-infrastructure communication. Horizontal curves are a common factor in the number of observed roadway crashes. Identifying locations and geometric characteristics of the horizontal curves plays a critical role in crash prediction and prevention, and timely curve warnings save lives. However, most states in the US face a …
Effect Of Exponential Correlation Model On Spectral And Energy Efficiency For Massive Mimo Systems, Saleh Albdran
Effect Of Exponential Correlation Model On Spectral And Energy Efficiency For Massive Mimo Systems, Saleh Albdran
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
During the past few years, the number of wireless devices has been increasing rapidly. Wireless networks are serving and connecting billions of wireless devices where these devices are demanding higher data rate and lower latency to be able to support voice, video and gaming applications. Moreover, the consumed energy by the wireless systems will be increasing. Hence, the Fifth generation (5G) wireless networks needs to provide higher data rate, serve larger number of users simultaneously and be more energy efficient. One of the promising technologies that can meet the above requirements is Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO). The main …
Optimal Capacity And Energy Efficiency Of Massive Mimo Systems, Ahmed Alshammari
Optimal Capacity And Energy Efficiency Of Massive Mimo Systems, Ahmed Alshammari
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A lot of effort has been made during the last two decades to study and apply the concepts of MIMO technology in most of the wireless standards. Therefore, a huge improvement in the performance of wireless communications has been made. However, Demand for wireless services has exponentially increased during the past ten years. Hence, high throughput is very important for all users to get the best experience with the offered services. This creates many technical challenges that are difficult to handle with the existing technology. Therefore, massive multiple input multiple output (massive MIMO) is a new technology that has been …
Data-Centric Situational Awareness And Management In Intelligent Power Systems, Xiaoxiao Dai
Data-Centric Situational Awareness And Management In Intelligent Power Systems, Xiaoxiao Dai
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The rapid development of technology and society has made the current power system a much more complicated system than ever. The request for big data based situation awareness and management becomes urgent today. In this dissertation, to respond to the grand challenge, two data-centric power system situation awareness and management approaches are proposed to address the security problems in the transmission/distribution grids and social benefits augmentation problem at the distribution-customer lever, respectively.
To address the security problem in the transmission/distribution grids utilizing big data, the first approach provides a fault analysis solution based on characterization and analytics of the synchrophasor …