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Full-Text Articles in Engineering
A Design Thinking Framework For Human-Centric Explainable Artificial Intelligence In Time-Critical Systems, Paul Benjamin Stone
A Design Thinking Framework For Human-Centric Explainable Artificial Intelligence In Time-Critical Systems, Paul Benjamin Stone
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) has seen a surge in popularity as increased computing power has made it more viable and useful. The increasing complexity of AI, however, leads to can lead to difficulty in understanding or interpreting the results of AI procedures, which can then lead to incorrect predictions, classifications, or analysis of outcomes. The result of these problems can be over-reliance on AI, under-reliance on AI, or simply confusion as to what the results mean. Additionally, the complexity of AI models can obscure the algorithmic, data and design biases to which all models are subject, which may exacerbate negative outcomes, …
The Course Scheduling Problem With Room Considerations, Lijian Xiao
The Course Scheduling Problem With Room Considerations, Lijian Xiao
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The course scheduling problem (CSP), more commonly referred to as the university timetabling problem, belongs to the larger family of general scheduling problems, where the aim is to assign students, faculties, exams, or lectures to a limited number of rooms over time in accordance under real-world constraints. Such problems are known to be NP-complete and have been the subject of study for the optimization society for many decades. This research extends the classical CSP to the CSP with Room Considerations (CSP-R) by incorporating two room-related considerations; cohort-to-room preference and topic-to-room preference. While the former refers to students in each cohort …
Application Of Analogical Reasoning For Use In Visual Knowledge Extraction, Kara Lian Combs
Application Of Analogical Reasoning For Use In Visual Knowledge Extraction, Kara Lian Combs
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There is a continual push to make Artificial Intelligence (AI) as human-like as possible; however, this is a difficult task because of its inability to learn beyond its current comprehension. Analogical reasoning (AR) has been proposed as one method to achieve this goal. Current literature lacks a technical comparison on psychologically-inspired and natural-language-processing-produced AR algorithms with consistent metrics on multiple-choice word-based analogy problems. Assessment is based on “correctness” and “goodness” metrics. There is not a one-size-fits-all algorithm for all textual problems. As contribution in visual AR, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is integrated with the AR vector space model, Global …
Application Of Analogical Reasoning For Use In Visual Knowledge Extraction, Kara Lian Combs
Application Of Analogical Reasoning For Use In Visual Knowledge Extraction, Kara Lian Combs
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There is a continual push to make Artificial Intelligence (AI) as human-like as possible; however, this is a difficult task because of its inability to learn beyond its current comprehension. Analogical reasoning (AR) has been proposed as one method to achieve this goal. Current literature lacks a technical comparison on psychologically-inspired and natural-language-processing-produced AR algorithms with consistent metrics on multiple-choice word-based analogy problems. Assessment is based on “correctness” and “goodness” metrics. There is not a one-size-fits-all algorithm for all textual problems. As contribution in visual AR, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is integrated with the AR vector space model, Global …
An Approach To Cluster And Benchmark Regional Emergency Medical Service Agencies, Swetha Kondapalli
An Approach To Cluster And Benchmark Regional Emergency Medical Service Agencies, Swetha Kondapalli
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Emergency Medical Service (EMS) providers are the first responders for an injured patient on the field. Their assessment of patient injuries and determination of an appropriate hospital play a critical role in patient outcomes. A majority of states in the US have established a state-level governing body (e.g., EMS Division) that is responsible for developing and maintaining a robust EMS system throughout the state. Such divisions develop standards, accredit EMS agencies, oversee the trauma system, and support new initiatives through grants and training. But to do so, these divisions require data to enable them to first understand the similarities between …
Hierarchical Structure, Properties And Bone Mechanics At Macro, Micro, And Nano Levels, Farah Mohammed Ridha Abdulateef Hamandi
Hierarchical Structure, Properties And Bone Mechanics At Macro, Micro, And Nano Levels, Farah Mohammed Ridha Abdulateef Hamandi
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This research focuses on the hierarchical structure of bone and associated mechanical properties at different scales to assess damage accumulation leading to premature failure, with or without instrumentation. In this work, an attempt was made to develop a framework of macro, micro, and nano damage accumulation models and implementing them to derive mechanical behavior of the bone. At macrolevel, retrospective evaluation of 313 subjects was conducted, and the damage of bone tissue was investigated with respect to subject demography including age, gender, race, body mass index (BMI), height and weight, and their role in initiating fracture. Experimental data utilized 28 …
Joint Shelf Design And Shelf Space Allocation Problem For Retailers, Hakan Gecili
Joint Shelf Design And Shelf Space Allocation Problem For Retailers, Hakan Gecili
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Although the retail business has been exploring innovative ways to engage shoppers, the COVID-19 pandemic has sped up their effort. Because of its unique benefits, physical stores will continue to remain an integral part of the overall retail business. However, to stay competitive, retailers will be forced to effectively utilize their available space in physical store (and even reduce it if need be), while offering a reasonably large assortment of products on their shelves. For many such retailers, the design of planograms – visual representation of products on shelves – is still driven by prior experience and intuition. Further, existing …
Joint Determination Of Rack Configuration And Shelf Space Allocation To Maximize Retail Impulse Profit, Uttam Karki
Joint Determination Of Rack Configuration And Shelf Space Allocation To Maximize Retail Impulse Profit, Uttam Karki
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For brick-and-mortar retailers to be successful, it is critical for them to optimally design their rack layout and place products in order to draw attention of shoppers. Literature suggests that racks placed at acute (or obtuse) angles to the main aisle frequented by shoppers can enhance visibility of products compared to racks placed orthogonally (i.e., 90˚). Placing products with high impulse purchase potential in the resulting highly visible locations on the rack can increase shopper impulse purchases. However, placing racks at angles other than 90˚ can increase the required floor space. Additionally, while reducing the height of the racks just …
The Development Of The Human-Automation Behavioral Interaction Task (Habit) Analysis Framework, Isabelle Catherine Baird
The Development Of The Human-Automation Behavioral Interaction Task (Habit) Analysis Framework, Isabelle Catherine Baird
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Complex systems involve the collaboration of automated agents and goal-oriented human operators in a dynamic environment, and dynamic environments required dynamic automation. The implementation of automation fundamentally changes the nature of the cognitive demands by means of changing the role of the human operator. The augmentation of operator situation awareness has become a major design objective in the development of human-automated systems. Extensive literature identified the out-of-the-loop performance problem as a human-automation interaction challenge. This thesis presents the Human-Automation Behavioral Interaction Task (HABIT) Analysis, as a novel approach to assessing human-automation interaction challenges, such as out-of-the-loop consequences. The novel framework …
A Model To Optimize Major Trauma Network Considering Patient Safety, Monit D. Vaishnav
A Model To Optimize Major Trauma Network Considering Patient Safety, Monit D. Vaishnav
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Trauma is any physical injury that has the potential to cause prolonged disability and death if the appropriate level of care is not administered in a timely fashion. Existing approaches in the literature and by the American College of Surgeons (ACS) to optimize the network of trauma centers are limiting. To address this challenge, we introduce the Trauma Network Design Problem, a bi-objective mathematical model that aims at determining the optimal trauma network by minimizing the weighted sum of mistriages. We use the trauma network data from 2012 for the state of Ohio to illustrate the use of our approach …
Exploring Feedback Modalities Using Wearable Device For Complex Systems Training Programs, Layla Akilan
Exploring Feedback Modalities Using Wearable Device For Complex Systems Training Programs, Layla Akilan
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This study examined the effectiveness of a wearable device in delivering various feedback modalities in an attempt to improve performance outcomes in complex systems. Secondarily this study looked at performance when feedback type was matched to preferred learning style according to VARK Learning Styles Inventory results. Participants were required to perform system monitoring and correct for system failures through key presses. Feedback was delivered through a smart watch and was based on response time performance. Feedback modalities included visual, auditory, and haptic feedback. Subjective ratings of situation awareness and mental workload were also examined. Results indicated that auditory feedback condition …
A Framework For Centralizing Inventory In Pharmaceutical Supply Chains, Kerry Kathleen Ward
A Framework For Centralizing Inventory In Pharmaceutical Supply Chains, Kerry Kathleen Ward
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Effectively choosing the location of inventory in a pharmaceutical supply chain is central to the mission of pharmaceutical distributors. These supply chains are a critical backbone to the healthcare delivery process: the distributors must deliver products to pharmacies, hospitals and retailers at low cost and with a high level of reliability. This thesis provides a method for analyzing demand data to gain insight on the value of centralizing the inventory into either a hub-and-spoke or national network for a pharmaceutical distribution company. Demand data is analyzed using an off-the-shelf analysis tool as well as a new tool developed in SQL …
Analyzing Cognitive Workload Through Eye-Related Measurements: A Meta-Analysis, Melissa Patricia Coral
Analyzing Cognitive Workload Through Eye-Related Measurements: A Meta-Analysis, Melissa Patricia Coral
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Understanding cognitive workload has become a vital topic for researchers in developing future systems. Existing research has investigated the use of physiological measurements of the eye with cognitive workload, though a quantitative synthesis has yet to be performed. A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effects of cognitive workload on eye-related measurements. The objective of this meta-analysis is not to determine a difference between the levels of workload, but to identify reliable measurements. Measurements through blinks, saccades, pupils, and fixations were examined. Twenty-two studies, contributing to a total of sixty entries, met the appropriate inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. Findings …
Virtual Agent Interaction - Improving Cognitive Abilities And Trust For A Complex Visual Search Task, Heather H. Milecki
Virtual Agent Interaction - Improving Cognitive Abilities And Trust For A Complex Visual Search Task, Heather H. Milecki
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Introduction: This thesis research examined a novel decision support aid ("Spatial Cue + Virtual Agent") on human performance in a simulated complex visual search task. Method: Participants in the "Control" condition did not receive support from an aid. Participants in the "Spatial Cue" condition received support from an aid in the form of a bounding box. Participants in the "Spatial Cue + Virtual Agent" condition received support from an aid in the form of a bounding box and a virtual agent. The aids' reliability was held constant at one level, 70 percent. Image difficulty was based on clutter; clutter was …
Day-Of-Discharge Planning At Acute Care Hospitals, Kylie M. Bertsch
Day-Of-Discharge Planning At Acute Care Hospitals, Kylie M. Bertsch
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Hospitals provide a complex array of services to patient populations with highly variable conditions, needs, and preferences. These services are delivered with limited resources, and therefore, the synchronization of patient flow between various units in the hospital is essential for minimizing patient delay and congestion. Unfortunately, patient flow optimization is a topic in its research infancy, and, in current practice, hospitals struggle with the numerous ramifications of delays in care provision and increased costs. Emergency Department (ED) crowding and boarding have become a topic of increased interest as the ED becomes an increasingly popular entry point to acute care hospitals. …
Application Of The Augmented Operator Function Model For Developing Performance Metrics In Persistent Surveillance, Tiffany M. Paul
Application Of The Augmented Operator Function Model For Developing Performance Metrics In Persistent Surveillance, Tiffany M. Paul
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Difficulties with the implementation of persistent Wide Area Motion Imagery (WAMI) sensors to support real-time military missions have risen within Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance organizations. In this study, cognitive models were developed of operators performing real-time missions currently supported by narrow field of view Full Motion Video (FMV) and WAMI sensors. These models were used in conjunction with a cognitive task analysis, creating an augmented operator function model (OFM-COG). This thesis describes the OFM-COG and demonstrates how this model-based analysis technique can document the cognitive implications of persistent surveillance with motion imagery. The analytic procedures required to build this model …
An Exploratory Study Of Mixed-Width Aisle Layouts For Order Picking In Distribution Centers, Corinne H. Mowrey
An Exploratory Study Of Mixed-Width Aisle Layouts For Order Picking In Distribution Centers, Corinne H. Mowrey
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Order picking is arguably the most expensive operational activity for a distribution center (DC), constituting upwards of 50% of total operating costs. Designing an optimum order picking system (OPS) for a DC depends on several system parameters, such as aisle layout, storage system configuration, storage policy, picking method, and picking strategy. From an aisle layout standpoint, traditional DCs utilize either entirely wide or entirely narrow aisles in their picking systems. Wide aisles allow pickers to pass each other, reducing blocking and requiring fewer pickers. However, the space required for wide-aisle systems is high. Narrow aisles utilize less space than wide …