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Articles 1 - 30 of 103
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Novel Method For Broadband On-Chip Noise Characterization, Mohammad Ghadiri Sadrabadi
Novel Method For Broadband On-Chip Noise Characterization, Mohammad Ghadiri Sadrabadi
Masters Theses
A novel method for on-chip noise characterization of mm-wave circuits is presented. Different available methods for noise measurements and requirements for on-chip noise mea-surements are studied. The Y-factor method is chosen to be the more suitable method for in-situ applications since it does not require absolute measurements. A state of the art CMOS noise source is implemented in 32nm SOI CMOS technology to enable the in-situ noise measurements of a 20-35 GHz reconfigurable low noise amplifier. Measurement results show that the ENR of the noise source is repeatable enough so that the calibration of the noise source is only required …
An Experimental Study Of The C-Start Of A Mechanical Fish, Benjamin Kandaswamy Chinna Thambi
An Experimental Study Of The C-Start Of A Mechanical Fish, Benjamin Kandaswamy Chinna Thambi
Masters Theses
The Northern Pike have recorded the highest accelerations for marine propulsors. The mean peak acceleration and velocity for a number of trials were found to be 120 ms-2 and 4 ms-1 respectively (Harper and Blake 1990) for live fish. Here, we emulate this fast-start motion and analyze the performance of the Northern Pike, using a mechanical fish. The mechanical fish was made of a PVC head attached to a spring steel frame with aluminum ribs and a plastic tail. A latex rubber sheet was used as the skin of the fish. The set-up used air bearings for frictionless motion with …
Evaluating Effects Of Molecular Heterogeneity On The Non-Linear Mechanical Behavior Of Epoxy Networks, Zhan Hang Yang
Evaluating Effects Of Molecular Heterogeneity On The Non-Linear Mechanical Behavior Of Epoxy Networks, Zhan Hang Yang
Doctoral Dissertations
This thesis describes synthetic and processing strategies to formulate epoxies resins with molecular heterogeneity to achieve enhanced engineering properties. The network heterogeneities include chemical differences in stiffness and crosslink density, as well as mechanical difference in baseline energy state. The focus is to understand the fundamental structure-process-property relationships in these unusual network polymers, especially the post-yield responses and fracture toughness. The main characterization techniques to probe the complex network architectures are dynamic mechanical spectroscopy and compression tests. Ductility and governing parameters are also proposed to describe the relationships between molecular structures and physical properties. Three different staged fabrication strategies are …
Functional Nanocomposites From Self-Assembly Of Block Copolymers With Nanoparticles, Xinyu Wang
Functional Nanocomposites From Self-Assembly Of Block Copolymers With Nanoparticles, Xinyu Wang
Doctoral Dissertations
This dissertation studied the proper distribution and location control of nanoparticles (NPs) within block copolymer (BCP) templates. A facile ligand exchange reaction was introduced for the hydrophilic magnetic NPs (MNPs) that are readily dispersed in polar solvents with outstanding stability. Small molecule ligands were selected to associate strongly with particle surfaces, provide hydrophilic termini for polarity matching with polar solvents, and offer the potential for hydrogen-bonding interactions to facilitate NP incorporation into polymers. Areal ligand densities of NPs indicated a significant increase in the ligand coverage after the exchange reaction. Hydrophilic MNPs were shown to drive the self-assembly of BCPs …
Polymer Modification With Multifunctional Additives And Unique Processing Methods, Polina R. Ware
Polymer Modification With Multifunctional Additives And Unique Processing Methods, Polina R. Ware
Doctoral Dissertations
This dissertation describes the investigation of unconventional methods to enhance polymer properties either by using unique processing methods, such as solid-state deformation, or by using multifunctional additives that can simultaneously provide a number of property enhancements. The three main research areas of this dissertation are self-reinforced glassy thermosets, melt-processeable organic/inorganic thermoplastic elastomers and semi-crystalline thermoplastics with improved ductility due to a unique solid-state process treatment. Various thermosets, including epoxies, are used in systems with fibers or other additives to improve stiffness. However such systems are difficult to process due to increased viscosity. This work investigates a new method to reinforce …
Introducing The Newton-Poisson-Brillouin Model In The Quest For Plasmons In Metallic Carbon Nanotubes, Richard P. Zannoni
Introducing The Newton-Poisson-Brillouin Model In The Quest For Plasmons In Metallic Carbon Nanotubes, Richard P. Zannoni
Doctoral Dissertations
A new method is presented to model carbon nanotubes (CNT) of micron length. The Newton-Poisson-Brillouin (NPB) model uses Newtonian physics to model the interaction of a population of thermally excited quasi-particles. The NPB model is self-consistent with Poisson’s equation, and the quasi-particles are confined to the CNT’s band structure. In this work, we explore the parameter space of the model.
Engineering Surface Functionality Of Nanoparticles For Biological Applications, Yi-Cheun Yeh
Engineering Surface Functionality Of Nanoparticles For Biological Applications, Yi-Cheun Yeh
Doctoral Dissertations
Engineering the surface functionality of nanomaterials is the key to investigate the interactions between nanomaterials and biomolecules for potent biological applications such as therapy, imaging and diagnostics. My research has been orientted to engineer both of the surface monolayers and core materials to fabricate surface-functionalized nanomaterials through the synergistic multidisciplinary approach that combine organic chemistry, materials science and biology. This thesis illustrates the design and synthesis of the surface-funcitonalized quantum dots (QDs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for the fundamental studies and practical applications. For QDs, A new class of cationic QDs with quaternary ammonium derivatives was synthesized to provide permanent …
Production Of Sustainable Aromatics From Biorenewable Furans, Christopher Luke Williams
Production Of Sustainable Aromatics From Biorenewable Furans, Christopher Luke Williams
Doctoral Dissertations
Increasing demand for renewable and domestic energy and materials has led to an accelerated research effort in developing biomass-derived fuels and chemicals. The North American shale gas revolution can provide a domestic source for the manufacture of four of the five major products of the world chemical industry: methanol, ethylene, ammonia, and propylene. However this emerging domestic resource lacks a conversion pathway to the fifth major chemical building block; the larger C6 aromatics benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX). One sustainable feedstock for renewable C6 aromatic chemicals is sugars produced by the saccharification of biopolymers (e.g., cellulose, hemicellulose). The catalytic conversion …
Signal Processing In Wireless Communications: Device Fingerprinting And Wide-Band Interference Rejection, Adam C. Polak
Signal Processing In Wireless Communications: Device Fingerprinting And Wide-Band Interference Rejection, Adam C. Polak
Doctoral Dissertations
The rapid progress of wireless communication technologies that has taken place in recent years has significantly improved the quality of everyday life. However with this expansion of wireless communication systems come significant security threats and significant technological challenges, both of which are due to the fact that the communication medium is shared. The ubiquity of open wireless Internet access networks creates a new avenue for cyber-criminals to impersonate and act in an unauthorized way. The increasing number of deployed wide-band wireless communication systems entails technological challenges for effective utilization of the shared medium, which implies the need for advanced interference …
Patterning And Mechanical Analysis Of Fiber-Based Materials, Samuel A. Pendergraph
Patterning And Mechanical Analysis Of Fiber-Based Materials, Samuel A. Pendergraph
Doctoral Dissertations
The ability to define and control the topography of a surface has been studied extensively due to its importance in a wide variety of applications. The control of a non-planar topography would be very valuable since a number of structures that are pervasive in artificial applications (e.g. fibers, lenses) are curved interfaces. This potential of enabling applications that incorporate non-planar geometries was the motivation for this thesis. The first study of this thesis comprises the study of patterning the circumference of micrometer sized fibers. Specifically, a unique technique was described to pattern the fiber with a periodic array of colloids. …
How Much Do In-Vehicle Tasks With Swapping, Switching And Spillover Effects Interfere With Drivers’ Ability To Detect And Respond To Threats On The Forward Roadway?, Siby Samuel
Doctoral Dissertations
Distractions have long been associated with crashes. A review of the literature shows drivers engaging in secondary tasks to be three times as likely to crash as compared to attentive drivers. Although several studies report that excessively long glances away from the forward roadway elevate the risk of crashes, little research has been conducted to determine how long a driver needs to glance towards the forward roadway in between glances inside the vehicle to perform a secondary task in order to detect threats present in or emerging from the forward roadway. To determine this, drivers were asked to perform simulated …
Lightweight, High-Temperature Radiator For In-Space Nuclear-Electric Power And Propulsion, Briana N. Tomboulian
Lightweight, High-Temperature Radiator For In-Space Nuclear-Electric Power And Propulsion, Briana N. Tomboulian
Doctoral Dissertations
The desire to explore deep space destinations with high-power and high-speed spacecraft inspired this work. Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP), shown to provide orders of magnitude higher specific impulse and propulsion efficiency over traditional chemical rockets, has been identified as an enabling technology for this goal. One of large obstacle to launching an NEP vehicle is total mass. Increasing the specific power (kW/kg) of the heat radiator component is necessary to meet NASA’s mass targets. This work evaluated a novel lightweight, high-temperature carbon fiber radiator designed to meet the mass requirements of future NEP missions. The research is grouped into three …
Receiver Design And Security For Low Power Wireless Communications Systems, Kyle A. Morrison
Receiver Design And Security For Low Power Wireless Communications Systems, Kyle A. Morrison
Doctoral Dissertations
This dissertation focuses on two important areas in wireless communications: receiver design and security. In the first part of this dissertation we consider low data rate receiver design for ultra-wideband (UWB), a wideband radio technology that promises to help solve the frequency allocation problem that often inhibits narrowband systems. Reference-based receivers are promising candidates in the UWB regime, because the conventional rake receiver designs suffers from complexity limitations and inaccuracies in channel estimation. Many reference-based systems have arisen as viable solutions for receivers. We unify these systems as well as other systems into the general framework for performance analysis to …
The Discovery And Study Of Fluvirucin B1 Polyketide Synthase, Tsung-Yi Lin
The Discovery And Study Of Fluvirucin B1 Polyketide Synthase, Tsung-Yi Lin
Doctoral Dissertations
Rapidly decreasing numbers of viable therapeutic leads in the pharmaceutical pipeline demand new, sustainable methods for improved drug discovery and development. Despite vast improvements in de novo drug design and target recognition, Nature remains the richest source of small molecule therapeutics. Among many natural products, polyketides are not only the most promising ones for developing new antibiotic leads, but also exhibit unusually high therapeutic value ranging from clinical use as anticancer, antiviral, and immunosuppressant drugs. Modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) are dedicated nano-machinery that can be manipulated to produce a structurally diverse library for drug discovery programs. The ability to manipulate …
Primary And Secondary Reactions Of Cellulose Melt Pyrolysis, Alex D. Paulsen
Primary And Secondary Reactions Of Cellulose Melt Pyrolysis, Alex D. Paulsen
Doctoral Dissertations
Fast pyrolysis of biomass is a next-generation biofuels production process that is capable of converting solid lignocellulosic materials (in their raw form) to a transportable liquid (bio-oil) which can be catalytically hydrogenated to fuels and chemicals. Pyrolysis reactors depolymerize solid biomass by heating the feedstock (in the absence of oxygen) up to high temperatures (400 – 600 °C) to produce a short-lived intermediate liquid phase (only a few seconds), which ultimately breaks down to form small (1-6 carbon) oxygenates. These vapor-products can then be condensed at room temperature to produce liquid bio-oil. While biomass fast pyrolysis has enormous potential to …
Optimizing Consumer-Centric Assortment Planning Under Cross-Selling Effects, Ameera Ibrahim
Optimizing Consumer-Centric Assortment Planning Under Cross-Selling Effects, Ameera Ibrahim
Doctoral Dissertations
Central to modern-time, consumer-focused retailing is the ability to provide attractive and reasonably-priced product assortments for different customer profiles. To this end, retailers can benefit from the use of data analytics in order to identify distinct customer segments, each characterized by their buying power, shopping behavior, and preferences. Further, retailers can also benefit from a careful examination of alternative procurement options and cost levers associated with products that are considered for inclusion in the assortment. Issues of assortment planning lie at the interface of operations and marketing. Profitable planning trade-offs can be identified using an optimization methodology and are simultaneously …
Defining, Evaluating, And Improving The Process Of Verifying Patient Identifiers, Junghee Jo
Defining, Evaluating, And Improving The Process Of Verifying Patient Identifiers, Junghee Jo
Doctoral Dissertations
Patient identification errors are a major cause of medication errors. During medication administration, failure to identify patients correctly can lead to patients receiving incorrect medications, perhaps resulting in adverse drug events and even death. Most medication error studies to date have focused on reporting patient misidentification statistics from case studies, on classifying types of patient identification errors, or on evaluating the impact of technology on the patient identification process, but few have proposed specific strategies or guidelines to decrease patient identification errors. This thesis aims to improve the verification of patient identifiers (VPI) process by making three key contributions to …
Production Of Renewable Fuels And Chemicals From Biomass-Dervied Furan Compounds, Sara K. Green
Production Of Renewable Fuels And Chemicals From Biomass-Dervied Furan Compounds, Sara K. Green
Doctoral Dissertations
Growing concern over the petroleum supply, energy independence, and environmental impacts associated with fossil fuels, has motivated research into the production of renewable fuels and aromatic chemicals from biomass resources. Specifically, furan-based feedstocks such as furfural, 2-methylfuran (MF) and, 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) can be derived from biomass and used to produce a wide variety of desired compounds. These furan-based feedstocks are produced by: (a) the hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose form to glucose and xylose, (b) the dehydration of these carbohydrates to form 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural, and (c) the reduction of HMF and furfural to DMF, MF, and furan. The …
Studies On The Wrinkling Of Thin Polymer Films Floating On Liquid, Kamil B. Toga
Studies On The Wrinkling Of Thin Polymer Films Floating On Liquid, Kamil B. Toga
Doctoral Dissertations
This dissertation aims to broaden our understanding on wrinkling instabilities occurring on floating polymeric sheets, and tries to establish innovative methods that exploit these patterns in studies on material behavior and interfacial phenomena. We will address three major topics in this thesis including, i) characterization of the conditions required to buckle an annular disc, ii) characterization of wrinkles occurring around a droplet/bubble placed on a membrane that is kept taut at the liquid-air interface, and iii) using wrinkling patterns as a probe to understand the interfacial behavior and dynamics of ultrathin films. The first project in this thesis is about …
On The Morphology Of Polymer-Based Solar Cells To Achieve Higher Device Performance, Yu Gu
On The Morphology Of Polymer-Based Solar Cells To Achieve Higher Device Performance, Yu Gu
Doctoral Dissertations
It has been recognized that the morphology of the active layer of the polymer-based solar cells has a great influence on the device performance. To push the efficiency to a higher level, morphology design and control by varying processing conditions are crucial. The theme of this dissertation is to characterize and understanding of the morphology of the active layer of polymer-based solar cells and the role that the morphology plays on device performance, so as to develop routes by which the morphology can be optimized. The focus of this dissertation is first on a binary system consisting of poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b’]-dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT) …
Operational Planning In Combined Heat And Power Systems, Hariharan Gopalakrishnan
Operational Planning In Combined Heat And Power Systems, Hariharan Gopalakrishnan
Doctoral Dissertations
This dissertation presents methodologies for operational planning in Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems. The subject of experimentation is the University of Massachusetts CHP system, which is a 22 MWe/640 MBh system for a district energy application. Systems like this have complex energy flow networks due to multiple interconnected thermodynamic components like gas and steam turbines, boilers and heat recovery steam generators and also interconnection with centralized electric grids. In district energy applications, heat and power requirements vary over 24 hour periods (planning horizon) due to changing weather conditions, time-of-day factors and consumer requirements. System thermal performance is highly dependent …
Structural, Electronic And Catalytic Properties Of Graphene-Supported Platinum Nanoclusters, Ioanna Fampiou
Structural, Electronic And Catalytic Properties Of Graphene-Supported Platinum Nanoclusters, Ioanna Fampiou
Doctoral Dissertations
Carbon materials are predominantly used as catalytic supports due to their high surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, resistance to corrosion and structural stability. Graphene, a 2D monolayer of graphite, with its excellent thermal, electronic and mechanical features, has been considered a promising support material for next generation metal-graphene nanocatalysts. The main focus of this dissertation is to investigate the properties of such metal-graphene nanocomposites using computational methods, and to develop a comprehensive understanding of the experimentally observed enhanced catalytic activity of graphene-supported Platinum (Pt) clusters. In particular, we seek to understand the role of graphene supports on the ground-state morphology …
A Framework And Analytical Approach To Evaluate Alternative Vehicle Miles Traveled (Vmt) Fee Systems, Elizabeth V. Ebacher
A Framework And Analytical Approach To Evaluate Alternative Vehicle Miles Traveled (Vmt) Fee Systems, Elizabeth V. Ebacher
Doctoral Dissertations
Since the fuel tax is a dwindling source of revenue, states need to find alternative funding sources. A vehicle miles traveled (VMT) fee has received serious consideration from a number of states and the federal government. What is missing from the VMT fee consideration is a framework for developing VMT fee systems and an analytical approach with which to study how well a proposed system conforms to the policies promulgated in the framework. This research strives to fill that void. The framework developed presents five areas of importance in VMT fee systems: 1. Revenue sufficiency; 2. Revenue stability; 3. Environmental …
Production Of Renewable Chemicals And Energy From Waste Biomass, Sheng Chu
Production Of Renewable Chemicals And Energy From Waste Biomass, Sheng Chu
Doctoral Dissertations
With the rapid growth of world population and developing industries, the production of wastes has dramatically increased in the past decades. Due to environmental concerns and limited landfill space, the disposal of wastes has been subjected to strict regulations. Beneficial uses of wastes such as recycling/reuse, land applications, energy production, and resource recovery have been advocated greatly. This thesis presents the utilization of two types of solid waste: lignin and waste paper/plastic. Through thermochemical conversion, wastes can be converted to chemicals and energy. This aims at reducing the energy dependence on fossil fuels while achieving effective waste management. Lignin is …
Asymptotic Analysis Of Random Wireless Networks: Broadcasting, Secrecy, And Hybrid Networks, Cagatay Capar
Asymptotic Analysis Of Random Wireless Networks: Broadcasting, Secrecy, And Hybrid Networks, Cagatay Capar
Doctoral Dissertations
This thesis work is concerned with communication in large random wireless ad hoc networks. We mathematically model the wireless network as a collection of randomly located nodes, and explore how its performance scales as the network size increases. In particular, we study three important properties: broadcasting ability, rate of information exchange, and secret communication capability. In addition, we study connectivity properties of large random graphs in a more general context, where the graph does not necessarily represent a wireless communication network. Broadcasting, i.e., delivering a message from a single node to the entire network in a wireless ad hoc network …
Propagation Prediction Over Random Rough Surface By Zeroth Order Induced Current Density, Narayana Srinivasan Balu
Propagation Prediction Over Random Rough Surface By Zeroth Order Induced Current Density, Narayana Srinivasan Balu
Masters Theses
Electromagnetic wave propagation over random sea surfaces is a classical problem of interest for the Navy, and significant research has been done over the years. Here we make use of numerical and analytical methods to predict the propagation of microwaves over random rough surface. The numerical approach involves utilization of the direct solution (using Volterra integral equation of the second kind) to currents induced on a rough surface due to forward propagating waves to compute the scattered field. The mean scattered field is computed using the Monte-Carlo method. Since the exact solution (consisting of an infinite series) to induced current …
Investigating Teenage Drivers' Driving Behavior Before And After Lag (Less Aggressive Goals) Training Program, Jingyi Zhang
Investigating Teenage Drivers' Driving Behavior Before And After Lag (Less Aggressive Goals) Training Program, Jingyi Zhang
Masters Theses
Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of death during adolescence, with the fatal crash rate per mile-driven for 16-19 years old drivers being nearly 3 times larger than the rate for drivers age 20 and older. High gravitational events among teenage drivers, such as quick starts, and hard stops, have been shown to be highly correlated with crash rates. The current younger driver training programs developed in the late 1990s, however, do not appear to be especially effective in regard to many skills which are critical to avoiding crashes. With this in mind, a simulator-based training program aimed at …
Design Of A Passive Exoskeleton Spine, Haohan Zhang
Design Of A Passive Exoskeleton Spine, Haohan Zhang
Masters Theses
In this thesis, a passive exoskeleton spine was designed and evaluated by a series of biomechanics simulations. The design objectives were to reduce the human operator’s back muscle efforts and the intervertebral reaction torques during a full range sagittal plane spine flexion/extension. The biomechanics simulations were performed using the OpenSim modeling environment. To manipulate the simulations, a full body musculoskeletal model was created based on the OpenSim gait2354 and “lumbar spine” models. To support flexion and extension of the torso a “push-pull” strategy was proposed by applying external pushing and pulling forces on different locations on the torso. The external …
Impedance Measurement Of Small Antennas Over A Ground Plane Without Direct Cable Attachment, Yutong Yang
Impedance Measurement Of Small Antennas Over A Ground Plane Without Direct Cable Attachment, Yutong Yang
Masters Theses
An indirect impedance measurement approach that does not require direct cable attachment or large space using a two-port network is presented. Using a straight wire monopole as an interrogating antenna and measured impedances of three calibration standards, the input impedance of a small spherical helix dipole over a ground plane is retrieved. It is found that accurate result is obtained around the dipole resonance frequency. The accuracy and sources of error are discussed.
Single-Phase Turbulent Enthalpy Transport, Bradley J. Shields
Single-Phase Turbulent Enthalpy Transport, Bradley J. Shields
Masters Theses
Vapor generation is central to the flow dynamics within fuel injector nozzles. Because the degree of atomization affects engine emissions and spray characteristics, quantification of phase change within diesel fuel injectors is a topic of design interest. Within the nozzle, the large pressure gradient between the upstream and downstream plena induce large velocities, creating separation and further pressure drop at the inlet corner. When local pressure in the throat drops below the fluid vapor pressure, phase change can occur with sufficient time. At the elevated temperatures present in diesel engines, this process can be dependent upon the degree of superheat, …