Engineering Commons^™

Analiza Źródeł Emisji Związków Fluoru Z Procesów Hutnictwa Żelaza, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the results of many years of complex research issues related to the emission of fluorine compounds of iron and steel processes. They allowed to examine these processes used in raw materials in terms of the fluorine content and their impact on the amount of emissions of fluorine compounds to the air. Were determined by measuring the levels of concentration in flue gases and stack emissions of fluorine in the form of gaseous and solid compounds, including water-soluble components (considered to be toxic).

English title: Analysis of emission sources of fluorine compounds from the processes of ferrous metallurgy.

Związki Siarki Emitowane Z Procesu Wielkopiecowego, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The article describes the problem of the presence of sulfur in the blast furnace process and identifies emission sources of sulfur compounds in this process. On the basis of the measurements and calculations, the types and quantities of these compounds emitted to the air were determined. It was found that pig iron smelting in a blast furnace causes emissions of COS, SO2 and H2S. These emissions occur by losses of blast furnace gas (COS and SO2), transport of blast furnace slag inside the furnace hall (SO2) and treatment of the slag by granulation (H2S). However, the most important are only …

Spalanie Odpadów W Procesie Skojarzonym Z Produkcją Klinkieru Cementowego - Problem Emisji Zanieczyszczeń, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents a review of emissions of main gaseous pollutants (including acidic constituents), some organic compounds (including dioxins and furans), particulates and heavy metals from cement kilns burning waste fuels.

A widely employed method to reduce the cost of cement production is the substitution of traditional fuels used in cement kilns with alternative and waste-derived fuels. Cement industry offers the most acceptable method of waste (especially hazardous waste) thermal treatment and disposal at much lower cost than commercial incinerators. Characteristic for cement kilns high temperatures and long residence time of exhaust gas ensure almost complete destruction of organic compounds …

Transient Stability Estimation Using Artificial Intelligence Methodology: An Inductive Inference Approach, Almoataz Youssef Abdelaziz

Almoataz Youssef Abdelaziz

Many techniques are used for Transient Stability (TS) estimation of synchronous generators encompassing traditional time domain state numerical integration, Lyapunov based methods, probabilistic approaches and Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques like pattern recognition and recently neural networks. This paper examines another recently proposed artificial intelligence technique to tackle the transient stability problem. The technique is based on the Inductive Inference Reasoning approach which belongs to a particular family of Machine Learning from Examples. Not only steady state but transient attributes are also used for transient stability estimation so as to reflect machine dynamics and network changes due to faults. The approach …

A Fuzzy Simulation Model Of Basic Commutating Electrical Machines, D. K. Chaturvedi, P. S. Satsangi, P. K. Kalra

D. K. Chaturvedi Dr.

Fuzzy Logic as applied to a great extent in controlling the process, plants and various complex systems, due to its inherent advantages like simplicity, ease in design, robustness and adaptivity. Aslo it is established that this approach works very well especially when the systems are not transparent. In this paper the approach is used for the modelling and simulation of an electrical machine to predict the behaviour of the machine under running conditionsas well as unde starting conditions. The starting characteristics of electrical machines are non-linear in nature, and it is very difficult to model them accurately. Also the developed …

Spalanie Odpadów Niebezpiecznych W Piecach Cementowych. Część 2. Destrukcja Paliwa I Emisja Zanieczyszczeń, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

Conditions occurring in cement rotary kilns assure high destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of the most stable substances, efficacious dry sorption of acid gases in the alkaline raw meal and heavy metals bounding in the clinker. Adequate operation of hazardous waste incineration in the process connected with cement clinker production does not cause increasing air pollutant emissions. Magnitude of the emissions often does not depend of this if there are using wastes in the cement kiln at all. The work presents a review of DRE levels and stack emissions for selected flue-gas constituents during hazardous waste co-combustion in cement kilns …

Spalanie Odpadów Niebezpiecznych W Piecach Cementowych. Część 1. Informacje Podstawowe, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

A widely employed method of reducing cement production costs is the substitution of traditional fuels with alternative and waste-derived fuels to heat the cement kiln. Cement industry offers the most acceptable method of hazardous waste incineration and co-combustion with significantly lower cost in comparison to incinerators. The high temperatures and long residence times inherent in the operation of cement kilns ensure the almost complete destruction of the organic compounds introduced together with waste fuels. This part of the article presents general characteristic of sort of waste incinerated in cement kilns, way of their charging, advantages and limitations of waste co-combustion …

Ocena Zasięgu Oddziaływania Emisji Zanieczyszczeń Z Huty Katowice I Zk “Przyjaźń” W Dąbrowie Górniczej W Aspekcie Weryfikacji Wielkości Strefy Ochronnej, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the results of an analysis of current pollutant emissions from "Katowice" Steelworks and Coke Plant "Przyjaźń" in the Dąbrowa Górnicza (Poland) and calculations of spreading of these pollutants in the atmosphere. The research have shown that there is a reasonable possibility of reducing the existing protective zone around these plants, which should significantly reduce the costs incurred for the purchase of the land and management of the zone area.

English title: Assessment of the impact extent of pollutant emissions from "Katowice" Steelworks and Coke Plant "Przyjaźń" in the Dąbrowa Górnicza in terms of verification the size of …

Modelowanie Imisji Ozonu W Przyziemnej Warstwie Atmosfery Na Przykładzie Nowego Sącza, Marek Bogacki, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the results of research related to the modeling of physicochemical phenomena occurring in the ground-layer of the atmosphere in terms of ozone formation. For this purpose, the box model was used, in which the computational area is defined as a space designated by a steady surface and a variable height. Conducted in Nowy Sącz (Poland) experiment confirmed the possibility of using this type of model to diagnose and possibly forecasting ozone concentrations in any area of ​​calculation. The study also showed that the quality of the results depends mainly on accuracy in preparing of input data, especially …

Development Of The Industrial Expert System And Its Application For The Rational Choice Of Crushing And Grinding Facilities Of A Cement Factory (Développement Du Système Expert Industriel Et Son Application Pour Le Choix Rationnel Des Installations De Concassage Et De Broyage D'Une Cimenterie), Boukhemis Chetate , Cherif Kara, Galina Tcheremechko, Irina Merazka

Boukhemis Chetate

Les économies d’énergie électrique suscitent un intérêt croissant dans le domaine de l’industrie des matériaux de construction. En effet, la dépense en électricité peut représenter jusqu’à 50% de l’ensemble des coûts d’énergie nécessaires à la fabrication d’une tonne de ciment. Par ailleurs, environ 80% de l’énergie utilisée pour la fabrication d’une tonne de ciment est dépensée pour la fragmentation des matériaux de construction, c'est-à-dire pour le concassage et le broyage. Par conséquent, le choix rationnel des installations de concassage et de broyage et l’optimisation de leurs régimes de fonctionnement représentent un facteur important d’économies d’énergie. Toutefois, il est de plus …

Emisja Związków Fluoru Z Procesów Hutnictwa Żelaza, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the results of a comprehensive study of issues related to emissions of fluorine compounds from ferrous metallurgy processes carried out over the last few years. As part of this study raw materials used in these processes were analyzed in terms of fluorine content and its impact on the amount of air emissions of fluorine compounds. Also determined by measuring the concentration levels and emissions of fluorine in the gaseous and solid phase, including water-soluble compounds (considered to be toxic).

English title: Emissions of fluorine compounds from the processes of ferrous metallurgy.

Symmetric Self-Electro-Optic Effect Device: Optical Set-Reset Latch, A. L. Lentine, Scott Hinton, D.A. B. Miller, J. E. Henry, J. E. Cunningham, L.M. F. Chirovsky

H. Scott Hinton

We demonstrate an integrated symmetric self-electro-optic effect device consisting of two quantum well p-i-n diodes electrically connected in series. The device acts as a bistable optical memory element with individual set (S) and reset (R) inputs and complementary outputs (optical S-R latch). The switching point is determined by the ratio of the two inputs, making the device insensitive to optical power supply fluctuations when both power beams are derived from the same source. The device also shows time-sequential gain, in that the state can be set using low-power beams and read out with subsequent high-power beams. The device showed bistability …

Piece Cementowe - Konkurencja Dla Spalarni Odpadów, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the advantages of cement kilns and the possibility of their use for thermal waste utilization. The most common types of waste incinerated in these kilns and the possible degree of replacing traditional fuels with waste fuels have also been characterized. The work also discusses the problem of air pollutant emissions from the process of waste co-incineration in cement kilns. Attention has been paid to the possible increase in the use of Polish cement industry in the waste management, system, especially in the field of energy recovery from solid municipal waste, waste tires and waste from the refinery …

Derivation Of An Analytical Model To Calculate Junction Depth In Hgcdte Photodiodes, Stacy H. Gleixner, H. G. Robinson, C. R. Helms

Stacy H. Gleixner

Presents an enhanced analytical model to calculate junction depth and Hg interstitial profile during n-on-p junction formation in HgCdTe photodiodes. Detailed information on the enhanced model; Function of the model; Information on HgCdTe; Detailed information on how the model was obtained.

Emisja Zanieczyszczeń Ze Spalania Odpadów Niebezpiecznych W Piecu Obrotowym, Robert Oleniacz, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

The article presents measurement results of air pollutant emissions from incineration of selected hazardous wastes in a full-scale rotary kiln equipped with afterburner and a wet installation for flue gas cleaning. This type of kiln is suitable for thermal disposal of many sorts of wastes, both solid and liquid. Four groups of waste were being incinerated during the tests: coke tars, medical (hospital) and pharmaceutical wastes added to greased cleaning materials, a sawdust and used gloves, varnish and lubrication wastes, as well as waste rubber and resins. The study was performed in order to answer the question: is the process …

Diffusion Of Low Molecular Mass Substances In Glassy Polymers, Sergey Sobolev

Sergey Sobolev

No abstract provided.

Characterisation Of Non-Condensable Sulphur Containing Gases From Kraft Pulp Mills, João F. Gomes

João F Gomes

This paper describes work performed on the sampling and analysis of non-condensable gases (NCG) emitted from diffuse sources of a Portuguese kraft pulp mill, which is the background information for a NCG collection, treatment and disposal system. The variability found in the composition of the gaseous compounds showed the existence of gaseous streams other than typical total reduced sulphur (TRS) compounds as usually described.

A Simple Way To Measure Particle Size, João F. Gomes

João F Gomes

The size range of particles is an important parameter for subsequent dispersion estimates and sometimes is quite useful for analysing the performance of combustion equipment as well as dedusting equipment efficiency. So far, no standard method has been developed but several laboratories use laser-beam techniques which are usually quite expensive ones. In this paper a method is presented where the particles are collected isokinetically in a filter from gases circulating in a stack as described in USEPA method 5. Afterwards particles are observed at an optical microscope and measured. In spite of some limitations this appears to be an inexpensive …

Mass Transfer With Chemical Reaction In The Process Of Ammonia Desorption From Aqueous Solutions Containing Carbon Dioxide, Wojciech M. Budzianowski

Wojciech Budzianowski

No abstract provided.

Birkman Screening And The Covariance Of The Fluid Velocity Of Fixed Beds, Ashok S. Sangani, Donald L. Koch, Reghan J. Hill

Ashok S. Sangani

The phenomenon of Brinkman screening, whereby the fluid velocity disturbance produced by each particle in a fixed bed is attenuated by the forces that the fluid exerts on surrounding particles, plays a crucial role in limiting the range of velocity correlations in porous media and fixed beds. Koch and Brady [J. Fluid Mech. 154, 399 (1985)] showed theoretically that Brinkman screening leads to a finite hydrodynamic diffusion coefficient for fluid phase tracers in dilute fixed beds. In this Letter, we present the results of two simulation techniques (lattice-Boltzmann method and a multipole method) confirming the screening of the fluid velocity …