Engineering Commons^™

Evaluation Of Sample Recovery Of Malodorous Gases From Air Sampling Bags, Spme, And Sampling Canisters, Jacek A. Koziel, Jarett P. Spinhirne, Jenny D. Lloyd, David B. Parker, Donald W. Wright, David K. Eaton, Lawrence T. Nielsen

Jacek A. Koziel

Odorous gases associated with livestock operations are complex mixtures of hundreds if not thousands of compounds. Research is needed to know how best to sample and analyze these compounds. The main objective of this research was to compare recoveries of a standard gas mixture of 11 odorous compounds from the Carboxen/PDMS 75 µ m SPME fibers, PVF (Tedlar), FEP (Teflon), foil, and PET (Melinex) air sampling bags, and standard 6 L Stabilizer™ sampling canisters after sample storage at room temperature. A standard mixture consisted of 7 VFAs from acetic to hexanoic, and 4 semi-VOCs including p-cresol, indole, 4-ethylphenol, and 2'-aminoacetopheone …

Educational Needs For Agri-Industrial Facility Designers And Managers, Gregory D. Williams, Kurt A. Rosentrater, David R. Bohnhoff

Kurt A. Rosentrater

This paper summarizes educational needs for agri-industrial facility designers and mangers. Relevant skills required for the design, planning, and operation of agri-industrial facilities are discussed. Continuing and University educational needs for facility designers and managers are also presented.

Analysis Of Factors Affecting Corn Masa Byproduct Generation, Kurt A. Rosentrater

Kurt A. Rosentrater

The production of corn masa-based products in the U.S. has been increasing over the last several years, and consequently, so has the volume of waste materials generated from this processing sector. These byproducts, which consist of corn dry matter losses that occur during the nixtamalization process, are currently underutilized, but have much potential for value-added processing and utilization, and thus hold the simultaneous promises of economic benefit for corn processors as well as decreased potential impact on surrounding ecosystems. Because information concerning masa byproducts, and the rate at which they are generated, is currently very limited and not readily available, …

Comparison Of Vrt Granular Applicators, John P. Fulton, Scott A. Shearer, Steven F. Higgins, Timothy S. Stombaugh, Matthew J. Darr, Dennis W. Hancock, Edward L. Hutchins

Matthew J. Darr

Granular applicators equipped with variable-rate technology have gained popularity in recent years due to increased interests in variable-rate application. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize distribution patterns at varying rates and quantify rate transitions from various granular applicators. Both uniform- and variable-rate tests were conducted to assess the accuracy of variable-rate application from four granular applicators (2 spinner spreaders and 2 pneumatic applicators). The patterns results indicated a consistent triangular pattern for spinner spreader B and consistent patterns for pneumatic applicators C and D. However, applicator D produced pattern variations at the center and right side. Simulated overlap …

Ambient Ammonia And Hydrogen Sulfide Concentrations At A Beef Cattle Feedlot In Texas, Jacek A. Koziel, Bok-Haeng Baek, Jarett P. Spinhirne, David B. Park

Jacek A. Koziel

Concentrations of ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in ambient air were semicontinuously measured at a 50,000-head cattle feedyard in Texas panhandle in three seasons: fall 2002 (10 days), winter 2003 (14 days), and spring 2003 (15 days). Sampling was conducted at 1.5 m above the ground at one location each season at the western fence line of cattle pens. Gas concentrations were measured using continuous analyzers housed in an onsite instrument shelter. Measured concentrations were upwind or downwind of the feedyard pens depending on the wind direction. Wind directions, wind velocity, and air temperature were measured to correlate them …

Suitability Of A Gps Collar For Grazing Studies, Carmen T. Agouridis, Timothy S. Stombaugh, Stephen R. Workman, Benjamin K. Koostra, Dwayne R. Edwards, Eric S. Vanzant

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

The traditional means of tracking animal location in a field is by visual observation. Not only is this method labor intensive, it is also prone to error as the observer can alter cattle movement, observation periods are often too short to obtain confidence in general daily behavior patterns, and observer fatigue becomes an issue. In the 1990s, the University of Kentucky began using GPS collars on cattle to track their position with the goal of incorporating this information into cattle management practices. One of the key unanswered questions regarding the GPS collars is the accuracy of the position data recorded …

Effect Of Moisture Content And Broken Kernels On The Bulk Density And Packing Of Corn, Samuel G. Mcneill, Sidney A. Thompson, Michael D. Montross

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Shelled yellow dent corn samples were conditioned to three moisture content levels (12%, 15%, and 18% w.b.) and mixed with a prescribed amount of broken corn particles of known size (geometric mean diameter of 1.0, 1.4, 2.0, 2.8, and 4.0 mm) and concentration (2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% by weight) levels. The initial bulk density and grain compaction under simulated overburden pressure tests were determined for each sample. Uniaxial compression tests were performed for seven vertical pressure levels (3.4, 6.9, 14, 28, 55, 110, and 165 kPa) with a minimum of three replications each. Tests were performed at two locations with …

Estrogen Content Of Dairy And Swine Wastes, D. Raj Raman, Elizabeth L. Williams, Alice C. Layton, Robert T. Burns, James P. Easter, Adam S. Daugherty, Michael D. Mullen, Gary S. Sayler

D. Raj Raman

Naturally occurring estrogens in animal wastes may cause negative environmental impacts, yet their abundance in animal waste treatment and storage structures is poorly documented. To better quantify estrogen concentra tions in animal wastes, multiple waste samples were collected from treatment and storage structures at dairy and swine facilities and analyzed for concentrations of 17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and 17α-estradiol by gas chromatography−mass spectroscopy and by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (E2 only). Mass ratios of each estrogen to the macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were also determined. Because manure application rates are typically macronutrient-based, estrogen to macronutrient ratios are proportional to …

Santa Clara Magazine, Volume 46 Number 1, Summer 2004, Santa Clara University

Santa Clara Magazine

8 - A PUZZLING PROFESSOR By Adam Breen. Byron Walden, an assistant professor of mathematics at SCU, draws on his knowledge of numerical analysis to create crossword puzzles for The New York Times.

10 - THE LAUNCHING PAD By Larry Sokoloff J.D. '92. Top government agencies, other universities, and companies are relying on the University's Robotics Systems Lab-and its students-to build and monitor satellites.

16 - A NOVEL TEAM By Kristin Lenore '04. The University's publishing partnership with Heyday Books aims to help preserve California's cultural legacy.

Energy-Landscape-Model Analysis For Irreversibility And Its Pulse-Width Dependence In Cells Subjected To A High-Intensity Ultrashort Electric Pulse, R. P. Joshi, Q. Hu, Karl H. Schoenbach, Stephen J. Beebe

Bioelectrics Publications

We provide a simple, but physical analysis for cell irreversibility and apoptosis in response to an ultrashort (nanosecond), high-intensity electric pulse. Our approach is based on an energy landscape model for determining the temporal evolution of the configurational probability function p(q). The primary focus is on obtaining qualitative predictions of a pulse width dependence to apoptotic cell irreversibility that has been observed experimentally. The analysis couples a distributed electrical model for current flow with the Smoluchowski equation to provide self-consistent, time-dependent transmembrane voltages. The model captures the essence of the experimentally observed pulse-width dependence, and provides a possible physical picture …

A High -Order Finite Difference Method For Solving Bioheat Transfer Equations In Three-Dimensional Triple -Layered Skin Structure, Haofeng Yu

Doctoral Dissertations

Investigations on instantaneous skin burns are useful for an accurate assessment of burn-evaluation and for establishing thermal protections for various purposes. Meanwhile, hyperthermia with radiation is important in the treatment of cancer, and it is essential for developers and users of hyperthermia systems to predict, and interpret correctly the biomass thermal and vascular response to heating. In this dissertation, we employ the well-known Pennes' bioheat transfer equation to predict the degree of skin burn and the temperature distribution in hyperthermia cancer treatment.

A fourth-order compact finite difference scheme is developed to solve Pennes' bioheat transfer equation in a three-dimensional single …

Aaas Lecture Series On Women In Science And Engineering, Maribel Vazquez

Publications and Research

The winning essay for a Travel Award from the American Association for the Advancement in Science Women Lecture Series.

http://ehrweb.aaas.org/womeninscience/essays/vazquez.htm

Food Based Approaches For A Healthy Nutrition In Africa, Mamoudou Hama Dicko

Pr. Mamoudou H. DICKO, PhD

The latest estimates of the FAO demonstrate the problems of the fight against hunger. These problems are manifested by the ever-increasing number of chronically undernourished people worldwide. Their numbers during the 1999-2001 period were estimated at about 840 million of which 798 million live in developing countries. Sub-Saharan Africa alone represented 198 million of those. In this part of Africa the prevalence of undernourishment ranges from 5-34%, causing growth retardation and insufficient weight gain among one third of the children under five years of age and resulting in a mortality of 5-15% among these children. Malnutrition resulting from undernourishment is …

Growth And Transport Properties Of Complementary Germanium Nanowire Field Effect Transistors, Andrew B. Greytak, Lincoln J. Lauhon, Mark S. Gudiksen, Charles M. Lieber

Faculty Publications

n- and p-type Ge nanowires were synthesized by a multistep process in which axial elongation, via vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) growth, and doping were accomplished in separate chemical vapor deposition steps. Intrinsic, single-crystal, Ge nanowires prepared by Au nanocluster-mediated VLS growth were surface-doped in situ using diborane or phosphine, and then radial growth of an epitaxial Ge shell was used to cap the dopant layer. Field-effect transistors prepared from these Ge nanowires exhibited on currents and transconductances up to 850 µA/µm and 4.9 µA/V, respectively, with device yields of >85%.

The Influence Of Environmental Temperature And Substrate Initial Moisture Content On Aspergillus Niger Growth And Phytase Production In Solid−State Cultivation, Seaborn B. Carter, Sue E. Nokes, Czarena L. Crofcheck

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Aspergillus niger is being used commercially for phytase production utilizing solid-state cultivation; however, no studies have been published that investigated the optimal environmental temperature and initial substrate water content to maximize fungal growth and/or phytase production. Solid-state cultivations of Aspergillus niger on wheat bran and soybean meal were conducted at three temperatures (25°C, 30°C, and 35°C) and three initial moisture contents (50%, 55%, and 60% wet basis) in a split-plot full-factorial experimental design. Fermentations were conducted for 0, 24, 48, 72, and 120 h. The containers were sampled destructively and assayed for phytase activity and glucosamine concentration as an estimate …

2004 - The Ninth Annual Symposium Of Student Scholars

Symposium of Student Scholars Program Books

The full program book from the Ninth Annual Symposium of Student Scholars, held on April 16, 2004. Includes abstracts from the presentations and posters.

Forisomes, A Novel Type Of Ca2+-Dependent Contractile Protein Motor [Review Article], Michael Knoblauch, Winfried Peters

Winfried S. Peters

Santa Clara Magazine, Volume 45 Number 4, Spring 2004, Santa Clara University

Santa Clara Magazine

8 - TOP TEACHERS By Elizabeth Kelley Gillogly '93-Meet three SCU professors who received University awards for teaching excellence and curriculum innovations.

10 - BLAZING THE TRAIL By Victoria Hendel De La O. There are many unique challenges and rewards for the hundreds of first-generation college students at SCU.

14 - THE SCU DIFFERENCE By Margaret Avritt. The value of an SCU education goes beyond statistics and scores. Students at this university have experiences that engage and transform them.

18 - MIND OVER MONEY By Hersh Shefrin and Meir Statman. Two SCU professors of finance explore how psychology can help …

Fabrication, Characterization, And Chemical Sensing Of Silicon Dioxide Microcantilevers, Yanjun Tang

Doctoral Dissertations

The objective of this work is to design and fabricate an advanced silicon dioxide microcantilever sensor and to investigate chemical and biological sensing by microtechnology.

Microcantilever sensor technology has many advantages including fast response time, lower cost of fabrication, the possibility of sensor arrays with small overall dimensions, the ability to explore microenvironments, and improved portability for field applications. For all of these advantages, microcantilever chemical and biological sensors have drawn more and more attention.

So far, all other microcantilevers were designed and fabricated for AFM applications. We developed a novel SiO2 microcantilever especially for chemical and biological sensor applications. …

Periodic Draining Reduces Mosquito Emergence From Free-Water Surface Constructed Wetlands, Catherine R. Mayhew, D. Raj Raman, Reid R. Gerhardt, Robert T. Burns, Mary Sue Younger

D. Raj Raman

Both subsurface flow and free-water surface constructed wetland systems have been used for partial treatment of manure-laden wastewater from animal production systems. Subsurface flow systems are considerably more expensive but do not breed mosquitoes. The less expensive free-water surface systems have significant mosquito production potential, which is a serious drawback, especially because of increasing concerns about emerging mosquito-borne disease organisms. Periodically draining constructed wetlands has been suggested as a method of mosquito control. To test this approach, eight free-water surface constructed wetland mesocosms (0.7 m2 each) were operated on a one-week drain/fill cycle. Simultaneously, four subsurface flow mesocosms were operated …

Narrow-Band And Derivative-Based Vegetation Indices For Hyperspectral Data, Kelly Robert Thorp, Lei Tian, Haibo Yao, Lie Tang

Lie Tang

Hyperspectral remote sensing imagery was collected over a soybean field in central Illinois in mid-June 2001 before canopy closure. Estimates of percent vegetation cover were generated through the processing of RGB (red, green, blue) digital images collected on the ground with an automated crop mapping system. A comparative study was completed to test the ability of broad-band, narrow-band, and derivative-based vegetation indices to predict percent soybean cover at levels less than 70%. Though remote sensing imagery is commonly analyzed using reference data collected at random points over a scene of interest, the analysis of the hyperspectral imagery in this research …

The Effect Of Loading On Disturbance Sounds Of The Atlantic Croaker Micropogonius Undulatus: Air Versus Water, Michael L. Fine, Justin Schrinel, Timothy M. Cameron

Biology Publications

Physiological work on fish sound production may require exposure of the swimbladder to air, which will change its loading (radiation mass and resistance) and could affect parameters of emitted sounds. This issue was examined in Atlantic croaker Micropogonius chromis by recording sounds from the same individuals in air and water. Although sonograms appear relatively similar in both cases, pulse duration is longer because of decreased damping, and sharpness of tuning (Q factor) is higher in water. However, pulse repetition rate and dominant frequency are unaffected. With appropriate caution it is suggested that sounds recorded in air can provide a useful …

Microscale Investigation Of Thermo-Fluid Transport In The Transition Fil, Region Of An Evaporating Capillary Meniscus Using A Microgravity Environment, Kenneth D. Kihm, Jeffrey S. Allen, Kevin P. Hallinan, David M. Pratt

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

In order to enhance the fundamental understanding of thin film evaporation and thereby improve the critical design concept for two-phase heat transfer devices, microscale heat and mass transport is to be investigated for the transition film region using state-of-the-art optical diagnostic techniques. By utilizing a microgravity environment, the length scales of the transition film region can be extended sufficiently, from submicron to micron, to probe and measure the microscale transport fields which are affected by intermolecular forces. Extension of the thin film dimensions under microgravity will be achieved by using a conical evaporator made of a thin silicon substrate under …

Santa Clara Magazine, Volume 46 Number 3, Winter 2004, Santa Clara University

Santa Clara Magazine

8 - AN ARTIST WITH A MISSION By Elizabeth Kelley Gillogly '93. In his latest series, Howard Anderson '71 created paintings of the 21 California missions.

10 - THE SPIRITUALITY OF GIFT GIVING By Tom Beaudoin. Is it possible to turn our gift giving into a spiritual exercise?

14 - RAISING ARIZONA By Susan Shea. Arizona Governor Janet Napolitano '79, a rising political star, uses the lessons learned at SCU to serve her state.

20 - LEAVING COMMUNISM BEHIND By Jane Curry. An SCU professor and Fulbright Scholar researches forgiveness and justice in post-communist Poland.

Land For Maine's Future Program: Increasing The Return On A Sound Public Investment, Richard Barringer, Hugh Coxe, Jack Kartez, Catherine Reilly, Jonathan Rubin

Economics and Finance

Maine is nowhere a more special place than in the quality of its landscape and the traditions of its land use. Among the mo st privately-owned of all the states, Maine’s natural diversity and beauty combine with its traditions of resource stewardship, open access, and appreciation of nature to distinguish it in the public mind and national imagination. In recent decades, however, these traditions have come under assault from the forces of economic and social change; and the people of Maine have responded. In 1986, Governor Joseph Brennan’s Special Commission on Outdoor Recreation recognized the growing threats to Maine’s natur …

Rosenzweig's Messianic Aesthetics, Jules Simon

Jules Simon

No abstract provided.

Stimulation Of Capacitative Calcium Entry In Hl-60 Cells By Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields, Jody A. White, Peter F. Blackmore, Karl H. Schoenbach, Stephen J. Beebe

Bioelectrics Publications

Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) are hypothesized to affect intracellular structures in living cells providing a new means to modulate cell signal transduction mechanisms. The effects of nsPEFs on the release of internal calcium and activation of calcium influx in HL-60 cells were investigated by using real time fluorescent microscopy with Fluo-3 and fluorometry with Fura-2. nsPEFs induced an increase in intracellular calcium levels that was seen in all cells. With pulses of 60 ns duration and electric fields between 4 and 15 kV/cm, intracellular calcium increased 200-700 nM, respectively, above basal levels (similar to100 nM), while the uptake of …

How Many Slides? Documented Cytotechnologist Workload, Sophie K, Thompson, Eileen Mason

Medical Diagnostics & Translational Sciences Faculty Publications

(First paragraph) This paper relays workload information obtained as part of an ergonomics survey.1 Data were obtained on the number of slides evaluated daily, workplace setting, hours worked, and demographic information.

Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute Annual Technical Report Fy 2003, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

KWRRI Annual Technical Reports (USGS’s 104b Grant Program)

The FY2003 Annual Technical Report for Kentucky consolidates reporting requirements of the Section 104(b) base grant award in a single technical report that includes: 1) a synopsis of each research project supported during the period, 2) a list of related reports, 3) a description of information transfer activities, 4) a sumarry of student support during the reporting period, and 5) notable achievements and awards during the year.

A Method For Enhancing The Snapshot Performance In San Volume Manager, Chang-Soo Kim, Dong-Jae Kang, Young-Ho Kim, Hag-Young Kim, Myoung-Jun Kim, Yu-Hyeon Bak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.