Engineering Commons^™

Instrumentation And Control For A Microprocessor-Based Coronary Perfusion System, Daniel L. Priester

Master's Theses (1922-2009) Access restricted to Marquette Campus

No abstract provided.

Area Conservation Tillage Meetings-A Successful Educational Program, Elbert C. Dickey, Paul J. Jasa, David P. Shelton, Robert Grisso, Keith Glewen

Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications

Interest in conservation tillage began to increase in the early 1980s, and farmers wanted information on how to adopt and manage various tillage and planting systems. Area conservation tillage meetings were developed by the University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension to provide the needed information on a regional basis. Local extension agents and Soil Conservation Service personnel helped extension specialists determine program content. The multidisciplinary meetings included farmer presentations and allowed space and time for commercial exhibits. About 80% of respondents to meeting evaluations indicated they planned to change their tillage practices as a result of the information presented.

A Conservation Tillage Educational Program, Elbert C. Dickey, Paul J. Jasa, David P. Shelton

Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications

An educational program was conducted to enhance the adoption of conservation tillage practices in targeted areas to reduce soil erosion and on-farm fuel use. Traditional extension methods such as meetings, field days, demonstrations, and plots were used extensively. In addition, the following nontraditional educational methods were used to achieve project objectives: targeting high priority areas, local program guidance committees, surveys to evaluate perceptions and use of conservation tillage, employment of extension assistants to work in the target areas, use of a rainfall simulator to demonstrate the effectiveness of residue cover in reducing erosion, and small group or "coffee shop" meetings …

Roughness Coefficients For Selected Residue Materials, John E. Gilley, Eugene R. Kottwitz, Gary A. Wieman

Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications

Analysis of surface runoff on upland areas requires identification of roughness coefficients. A laboratory study is conducted to measure Darcy-Weisbach and Manning roughness coefficients for corn, cotton, peanut, pine needles, sorghum, soybeans, sunflower, and wheat residue. Varying rates of flow are introduced into a flume in which selected amounts of residue are securely attached. Roughness coefficients are calculated from measurements of discharge rate and flow velocity. The laboratory data are used to derive regression equations for relating roughness coefficients to Reynolds number and either percent residue cover or residue rate. Separate equations are developed for Reynolds number values from 500 …

Interpretation Issues In Force Microscopy, Nancy Burnham, Richard Colton, Hubert Pollock

Nancy A. Burnham

In this paper, we will discuss force microscopy (FM) and its potential for determining mechanical properties of thin films. We will introduce the basic principles of FM, and demonstrate how FM can be used to determine materials properties as well as image surface topography, both with nanonewton or sub‐nanonewton force resolution and sub‐nanometer position resolution. As FM is still a new field, not all of the questions concerning interpretation have been fully answered. We will elucidate four current issues that must be resolved before the full potential of FM can be realized. They are: (1) the role of water vapor …

1-Nitronaphthalene Causes Ultrastructural Changes Primarily In Nonciliated Bronchiolar Epithelium Followed By Ciliated Epithelium In The Rat, John-Michael Sauer

Masters Theses

This study describes morphological changes in the lung at several time intervals following a single injection of 1-Nitronaphthalene (100 mg/kg intraperitoneal) in male Sprague-Dawley rats using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Dilation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial distension in the nonciliated bronchiolar (Clara) cells was apparent as early as 1 hour after injection, while adjacent ciliated cell showed minimal changes. At 6 hours, when respiratory distress was apparent in the animals, Clara and ciliated cells exhibited chromatin clumping, loss of mitochondrial cristae and cytoplasmic vacuolization. Also at 6 hours, the interstitial area around the terminal bronchioles was infiltrated …

Image Enhancement And Analysis Of Leukocyte Adhesion, Yee-Ruh Lin

Theses

The image of leukocyte adhesion to microvascular walls in the isolated rat perfused heart model has been observed and processed. Some of the fluorescent labeled leukocytes are barely visible due to microscope focal plane and the motion of objects. The purpose of this thesis is to extract leukocyte from the image of the experimental data using image enhancement and analysis (segmentation) techniques and develop a program to handle automatically counting of leukocytes in a predefined scene.

Burn Wound Healing Evaluation By Infrared Imaging, Shang-Yuan Chen

Theses

Infrared imaging is a pictorial method of temperature representation. Its advantage in the treatment of burns is that it is a non-invasive, safe and reliable method for estimating the area, temperature and depth of burns. An Imaging Burn program was developed for comparing changes in burn area in response to treatment with time. The program proved itself capable of determining the surface area of simulated lesions on the skin of human volunteers to within an error of 1.6 percent. The size and temperature of burn lesions in patients was recorded. First degree burns were warmer than surrounding areas of normal …

The Application Of Adaptive Step-Size Control In The Numerical Simulation Of Calcium Release In Vascular Smooth Muscle, Michael John Sydor

Theses

An algorithm for the adaptive control of numerical integration step-size is developed and implemented for the simulation of a three compartment model for Vascular Smooth Muscle. The three compartment model accounts for the simultaneous diffusion of Ca, ⁴⁵Ca, EGTA, Ca-EGTA, and ⁴⁵Ca-EGTA, and is an extension of a two compartment model by Diecke for the simultaneous diffusion of Ca, EGTA, and Ca-EGTA. The addition of the third compartment is to account for the presence of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum which stores the calcium needed for contraction and is the primary regulator of calcium in the VSM cell. The SR …

Eeg Data Compression, Yun-Chu Wu

Theses

This paper presents two different ways to compress EEC data-direct data com pression and a data transformation technique. The Adaptive Delta modulation and Huffman coding are used in the former method to predict or interpolate the data. Linear orthognal transformation algorithms are used in the latter method to detect and reduce the redundancies of the data by analyzing the spectral and energy distribution. Each method is implemented by programming the computer. The experimental results of their efficiencies and errors with different requirements and under different situations are compared and discussed. By comparing the EEC data compression degree and normalized square …

Metabolism Of Arachidonate-Containing Phospholipid Molecular Species In The Murine Macrophage-Like Cell Line, P388d1, Crystal R. Waites

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Glycerophospholipids of mammalian cells exist as chemically diverse structures with various fatty acids at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions. Arachidonic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid, which may be converted to biologically active eicosanoids such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes, is found predominantly in the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids. The purpose of this study was to examine, at the level of the individual molecular species, the incorporation of arachidonate into phospholipids and its release from phospholipids during stimulation. In this way, the specificity of the enzymes controlling arachidonate metabolism could be examined in order to clarify the processes that control the …

Hydraulic Roughness Coefficients As Affected By Random Roughness, John E. Gilley, S. C. Finkner

Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications

Random roughness parameters are used to characterize surface microrelief. In this study, random roughness was determined following six selected tillage operations. Random roughness measurements agreed closely with values reported in the literature.

Surface runoff on upland areas is analyzed using hydraulic roughness coefficients. Darcy-Weisbach and Manning hydraulic roughness coefficients were identified in this investigation on each soil surface where random roughness values were determined. Hydraulic roughness coefficients were obtained from measurements of discharge rat巳and flow velocity.

The experimental data were used to derive regression relationships which related Darcy-Weisbach and Manning hydraulic roughness coefficients to random roughness and Reynolds number. Random …

Preservation Of The Cell-Biomaterial Interface At The Ultrastructural Level, J. M. Schakenraad, J. A. Oosterbaan, E. H. Blaauw

Cells and Materials

Studying the tissue-biomaterial interface at the ultrastructural level is not without problems. Dissolution of the biomaterial in one of the dehydration or embedding media causes holes and shatter during sectioning or dislodgement of the biomaterial. The fine tuning of the hardness of both biomaterial and embedding medium, as well as the introduction of butyl-2,3- epoxypropylether as an intermediate between the dehydration series and the Epon resin , improving the impregnation , will solve many of the problems mentioned. With this improved technique good results were obtained with materials ranging from teflon, poly(Lactic acid) and polyurethanes to tissue culture polystyrene. No …

Endothelial Superoxide Production In The Isolated Rat Heart During Early Reperfusion After Ischemia -- A Histochemical Study, Charles F. Babbs, Meloney D. Cregor, John J. Turek, Stephen F. Badylak

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

This paper describes a histochemical study of superoxide generation in buffer-perfused, isolated rat hearts during the first 2 minutes of reperfusion after 60 minutes of warm ischemia. Superoxide radical production was demonstrated by a modification of Karnovsky's manganese/diaminobenzidine technique, in which superoxide oxidizes Mn++ to Mn+++ ions, which in turn oxidize diaminobenzidine to form amber, osmiophilic polymers, observable by light or electron microscopy. Isolated hearts were rendered ischemic, reperfused with oxygen equilibrated buffer containing Mn++ and diaminobenzidine, fixed by perfusion with Trump's solution, and processed for light and electron microscopy. The method consistently demonstrated evidence of superoxide generation near the …

Methylene Blue As An Inhibitor Of Superoxide Generation By Xanthene Oxidase: A Potential New Drug For The Attenuation Of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury, Steven C. Salaris, Charles F. Babbs, William D. Voorhees

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Tissue oxidases, especially xanthine oxidase, have been proposed as primary sources of toxic oxygen radicals in many experimental models of disease states. Among these, ischemia-reperfusion injury may be of the greatest clinical interest. In this paper we propose the use of methylene blue as a means of suppressing the production of superoxide radicals, O2, by acting as an alternative electron acceptor for xanthine oxidase. Previous work has indicated that methylene blue accepts electrons from xanthine oxidase at the iron-sulfur center. Initial experiments in our laboratory demonstrated that (1) pairs of electrons from each enzymatic oxidation are transferred to methylene blue, …

Effective Estimation And Computer Control Of Minimum Tumour Temperature During Conductive Interstitial Hyperthermia, J A. Deford, Charles F. Babbs, U H. Patel, M W. Bleyer, J A. Marchosky, C J. Moran

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

The goal of heat therapy in the treatment of malignant disease is to raise the temperature of all neoplastic tissue to a cytotoxic temperature for a predetermined period of time. This seemingly simple task has proved difficult in-vivo, in part because of nonuniform power absorption and in part because of nonhomogeneous and time varying tumour blood flow. We have addressed this difficulty first by utilizing the conceptually simple technique of conductive interstitial hyperthermia, in which the tumour is warmed by multiple, electrically heated catheters, and second by implementing on-line conu·ol of minimum tumour temperatures near each catheter, estimated on the …

Design And Evaluation Of Closed-Loop Feedback Control Of Minimum Temperatures In Human Intracranial Tumors Treated With Interstitial Hyperthermia, J A. Deford, Charles F. Babbs, U H. Patel, N E. Fearnot, J A. Marchosky, C J. Moran

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

The dynamic nature of blood flow during hyperthermia therapy has made the control of minimum tumor temperature a difficult task. This paper presents initial studies of a novel approach to closed-loop control of local minimum tissue temperatures utilizing a newly developed estimation algorithm for use with conductive interstitial heating systems. The local minimum tumor temperature is explicitly estimated from the power required to maintain each member of an array of electrically heated catheters at a known temperature, in conjunction with a new bioheat equation-based algorithm to predict the ‘droop’ or fractional decline in tissue temperature between heated catheters. A closed …

Deposition And Resorption Of Calcified Matrix In Vitro By Rat Marrow Cells, J. E. Davies, R. Chernecky, B. Lowenberg, A. Shiga

Cells and Materials

Rat bone marrow derived cells were cultured using a-Minimal Essential Medium supplemented with antibiotics, ascorbic acid and !3-glycerphosphate in the presence of 10-8M dexamethasone, on polystyrene and hydrophilic fluorocarbon substrata for periods of 2 - 4 weeks. During this time, a large yield of bone nodules was achieved and the elaborated tissue was examined by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The matrix produced by the cells contacting the underlying substratum was an afibrillar, globular, calcified material which formed a layer approximately 0.5μm thick. The calcium and phosphorus content of this material was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray dot mapping …

Analysis Of Protein Adsorption On Retrieved Human Vascular Grafts Using Immunogold Labelling With Silver Enhancement, N. P. Ziats, N. S. Topham, D. A. Pankowsky, J. M. Anderson

Cells and Materials

The adsorption of proteins on biomedical materials such as vascular grafts is important in modulating thrombosis, one eventual cause of vascular graft failure. We have identified proteins expressed on the surfaces of retrieved vascular grafts to determine if certain proteins were present at the end stage of vascular failure. Scanning electron microscopic analysis of protein adsorption on the surfaces of retrieved vascular prostheses was determined using antibodies to human blood proteins fibrinogen, fibronectin, Hageman factor (factor XII) and factor VIII/von Willebrand Factor. The detection of these proteins on the blood contacting surface was evaluated by immunogold labelling with protein A-gold …

Peripheral Nerve Bridges For Central Nervous System Regeneration, Silvio Varon, Theo Hagg, H. Lee Vahlsing, Marston Manthorpe

Cells and Materials

A neuronotrophic hypothesis for the adult central nervous system (CNS) has been increasingly supported by in vivo studies of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) impacts on adult rat CNS cholinergic neurons. We have extended these investigations to NGF effects on cholinergic axonal regeneration in an adult rat septo-hippocampal model. A fimbriafornix lesion deprives the dorsal hippocampal formation (HF) of its cholinergic afferents and provides a cavity into which sciatic nerve segments can be implanted to serve as regeneration bridges from septum to HF. Septa! cholinergic fibers enter and course through fresh cell-containing nerve bridges to attain a maximal number by the …

Evaluation Of The Images Of Specular Microscopy Of The Cells On Implanted Intraocular Lenses In Vivo, Kiyoshi Okada, Keiko Takahashi, Hiroaki Sagawa, Kuniomi Abe

Cells and Materials

Specular microscopy , an optical method to study the anterior segment of the eye, was applied to observe the cells on implanted intraocular lenses in vivo. The images from specular microscopy were evaluated by comparing the morphology of the same cells on intraocular lenses implanted in rabbit eyes by specular microscopy , light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The time lapse study in living human eyes and the optical evaluation of jts interference images were performed to elucidate its image formation.

The same giant cells, as observed in vivo by specular microscopy, proved to be multinucleated cells. It …

Interactions Of Bacteria And Amoebae With Ocular Biomaterials, Thomas John

Cells and Materials

The use of biomaterials in periocular and intraocular sites has resulted in some ocular inflammations and infections which can result in vision-threatening ocular disease. This review addresses bacterial interactions with, and adherence to ocular biomaterials such as soft contact lenses, surgical suture materials, and intraocular lenses. In addition, adherence of Acanthamoeba to soft contact lenses is described, and the role of these lenses in the development of Acanthamoeba keratitis is discussed.

Dusts Produced During Cutting Of Modern Splinting Bandages, R. Wytch, D. W. Gregory, R. Clayton, D. Wardlaw

Cells and Materials

Previous work carried out by the authors (Wytch et al ., 1988a) has shown that airborne dust generated during removal of orthopaedic casts with a power saw could represent a respiratory hazard. Further work has been carried out on all types of splinting bandage currently available in the United Kingdom to assess the potential dust hazard when sawing these materials. It has been shown that although plaster of Paris bandage produces significant concentrations of airborne dust, most of the polyurethane-impregnated fabric bandages generate extremely low levels of dust and in the case of the non-glass fabrics, the level is insignificant. …

Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation Of The Fractured Surfaces Of Canine Calculi From Substrata With Different Surface Free Energy, H. M. W. Uyen, W. L. Jongebloed, H. J. Busscher

Cells and Materials

The strength of adhesion between dental calculus and enamel or dentin surfaces determines the ease with which the calculus can be removed by brushing or professional dental treatment. In this study, we examined the adhesion of canine calculi formed on substrata with different surface free energies (sfe) and roughness by means of scanning electron microscopy. In 4 beagle dogs fenestrated crowns were made on the upper fourth premolars. Subsequently, facings of glass (sfe = 120 mJ. m-2), bovine enamel (sfe = 85 mJ.m-2), bovine dentin (sfe = 92 mJ.m-2), polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA, sfe = 56 mJ.m-2) and polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE, sfe = …

Polylysine Stimulation Of Ectopic Cartilage Formation, Rocky S. Tuan, Dina M. Turchi, David S. Kreitzer

Cells and Materials

Cartilage development, or chondrogenesis, is a process which involves the condensation of prechondrogenic mesenchymal cells, followed by the expression of the cartilage phenotype characterized by the biosynthesis of cartilage-specific, extracellular matrix components. We have previously shown that the cationic biopolymer, polylysine (PL), is able to stimulate chondrogenesis by embryonic limb bud mesenchymal cells in vitro. In this study, we have evaluated the chondrogenesis-stimulating activity of PL in vivo using an experimental system consisting of chick embryonic muscle explants, which were grafted onto the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos maintained in long-term shell-less culture. The muscle grafts were treated with PL …

A Versatile, Low Toxicity Glycol Methacrylate Embedding Medium For Use In Biological Research, And For Recovered Biomaterials Prostheses, Peter O. Gerrits, Bernhard Eppinger, Harry Van Goor, Richard W. Horobin

Cells and Materials

Methods for preparing standardized glycol methacrylate (GMA) based embedding media for use in light microscopy in a rational, precise and reproducible manner are described. The application of these procedures resulted in a versatile, low toxicity GMA embedding medium.

GMA embedding medium and resin blocks were tested utilizing a variety of physico-chemical techniques, namely: gas chromatography, determination of the maximum temperature reached during polymerization, the time taken to reach the maximum temperature, hardness testing, determination of the glass transition temperature, and measurement of the dimensional changes following section stretching and mounting at various temperatures. Data obtained from these techniques enabled a …

Fracture Toughness And Fractography Of Dental Ceramics, H. J. Mueller

Cells and Materials

Chevron-notch short-rod fracture toughness (KIv) and scanning electron microscopy analyses of leucite-, tetrasilicic fluormica-, and alumina- reinforced dental ceramics and control materials were investigated. Short-rod fracture toughness is a measure of the bulk resistance to crack propagation but not of the surface resistance to crack initiation. Results indicated significant differences in KIv among the following six groups (from lowest to highest (a) Dicor and Optec, (b) Optec, Excelco's Incisal, Macor and Excelco's Gingival, (c) Excelco's Brush-O-Paque, (d) Vitadur-N core, (e) Coming's 9606 glass-ceramic, and (t) Vita Hi Ceram. Good agreement occurred with published data for Macor and 9606. Comparisons of …

Stereoscopic Analysis Of Trabecular Bone Orientation In Proximal Human Tibias, K. N. Bachus, M. K. Harman, R. D. Bloebaum

Cells and Materials

The three-dimensional orientation of trabeculae is a key factor in determining the load carrying capabilities of cancellous bone. Previous biomechanical studies have shown that proximal tibias resected parallel to the articulating surface are stronger and stiffer than the contralateral tibias resected perpendicular to the long axis of the bone. However, morphologic evidence was not provided to help explain the mechanical differences.

To determine the orientation of the trabeculae in the medial condyle for both parallel cut and perpendicular cut specimens, a scanning electron microscope and stereoscopic techniques were used. Data showed that tibias cut parallel to the articular surface had …

Subsoiling, Contouring, And Tillage Effects On Erosion And Runoff, Paul J. Jasa, Elbert C. Dickey

Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications

A study to evaluate the effectiveness of subsoiling on reducing soil erosion and water runoff from continuous com production was conducted. A rotating boom rainfall simulator was used on replicated treatments having either preplant in-row subsoiling or postplant between-row subsoiling used in both tilled and untilled surface conditions. Tilled and untilled treatments without subsoiling were used as checks. These six treatments were used up-and-downhill and on the contour.

Subsoiling reduced the rate of water runoff but did not significantly reduce the soil erosion rate after equilibrium had been reached between water application and runoff rates. Surface condition and farming direction …

Fertilization Of Crops With Feedlot Manure, Elbert C. Dickey, Gerald Bodman

Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications

The application of animal manure to farmland is an appropriate and environmentally sound management practice for most feedlot operators. Land application returns nutrients from manure to the soil and helps build and maintain soil fertility. In addition to containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, manure contains trace "elements such as calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc. Manure has also been shown to improve soil tilth, increase water-holding capacity, lessen wind and water erosion and improve aeration. Land application of manure should be viewed as a means to utilize crop nutrients present in the manure for crop production rather than utilizing the land …