Education Commons^™

Heroic Struggles, Criminals And Scientific Breakthroughs: Adhd And The Medicalization Of Child Behaviour In Australian Newsprint Media 1999-2009, Valerie Harwood, Sandra C. Jones, Andrew D. Bonney, Samantha Mcmahon

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

There is a dearth of scholarly analysis and critique of the Australian newsprint media's role in the medicalization of child behaviour. To begin to redress this lack this paper analyses newsprint media's use of metaphors that re/describe and construct realities of ADHD with a medicalizing effect. The interdisciplinary team used the FactivaTM database to locate and review 453 articles published in Australian national and metropolitan newspapers during the decade 1999-2009. Data analysis involved generating statistical descriptions of the dataset according to attributes such as: date, state, newspaper titles and author names. This was followed by inductive analysis of article content. …

Vertical Whiteboarding: Riding The Wave Of Student Activity In A Mathematics Classroom, Patricia A. Forrester, Carolyn Mcphail, Suellen L. Denny

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In 2014 we commenced working on the Inspiring Mathematics and Science in Teacher Education (IMSITE) project, aimed at improving mathematics and science education in Australia by improving the recruitment, development and retention of mathematics and science teachers. In this project we undertook a range of activities, the most exciting of which was the introduction of whiteboarding as a tool to actively engage high school students with mathematics.

Promoting Ball Skills In Preschool-Age Girls, Sanne L.C. Veldman, Kara K. Palmer, Anthony D. Okely, Leah Robinson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objectives: Evidence supports that girls are less proficient than boys at performing ball skills. This study examined the immediate and long-term effects of a ball skill intervention on preschool-age girls' ball skill performance. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Girls (Mage = 47.24 ± 7.38 months) were randomly assigned to a high autonomy, mastery-based 9-week motor skill intervention (the Children's Health Activity Motor Program; CHAMP, 540 min; n = 38) or a control group (free-play; n = 16). Ball skill proficiency was assessed at pretest, posttest, and retention test(after 9 weeks)using the object control subscale ofthe Test of GrossMotor Development - …

Promoting Motor Skills In Low-Income, Ethnic Children: The Physical Activity In Linguistically Diverse Communities (Paldc) Nonrandomized Trial, Anthony D. Okely, Louise L. Hardy, Marijka Batterham, Philip J. Pearson, Kim Mckeen, Lauren M. Puglisi

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This study reports the long-term effects of a professional learning program for classroom teachers on fundamental motor skill (FMS) proficiency of primary school students from ethnically diverse backgrounds. Design: A cluster non-randomized trial using a nested cross-sectional design. Methods: The study was conducted in 8 primary schools located in disadvantaged and culturally diverse areas in Sydney, Australia. The intervention used an action learning framework, with each school developing and implementing an action plan for enhancing the teaching of FMS in their school. School teams comprised 4-5 teachers and were supported by a member of the research team. The primary outcome …

Engaging 'Students As Partners' In The Design And Development Of A Peer-Mentoring Program, Sarah Elizabeth O'Shea, Sue Bennett, Janine Delahunty

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This presentation focussed on an innovative approach to developing peer mentoring programs. Drawing upon a ‘student as partners’ framework, the presentation explored how this has been used to underpin an approach to peer mentoring from the groun d up. University peer mentoring programs are largely designed and developed by staff, who not only recruit and train student mentors but also select frequency and type of involvement for all parties. This pilot project proposes a different approach by coll aborating with students in the design, development and enactment of a peer - mentoring program within one School of Education. From this …

Chinese Efl Teachers’ Cognition About The Effectiveness Of Genre Pedagogy: A Case Study, Lei-Min Shi, Amanda Ann Baker, Honglin Chen

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Developing students’ communicative competence became the primary goal of the current College English Curriculum Requirements in 2004 in China. There has been increasing concern, however, that this goal has yet to be realized, particularly in relation to the teaching of writing. This study investigated the potential of a Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL-) informed genre approach to enhance Chinese students’ communicative competence in writing. As teachers’ beliefs have a strong impact on the effectiveness of their teaching practice (Borg, 2003), the study examined six Chinese College English teachers’ shifts in their beliefs and practices after attending a training workshop in the …

Attitudes Of Palliative Care Clinical Staff Toward Prolonged Grief Disorder Diagnosis And Grief Interventions, Esther Davis, Frank P. Deane, Gregory D. Barclay, Joan Bourne, Vivienne Connolly

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Copyright Cambridge University Press 2017 Objective:: The provision of psychological support to caregivers is an important part of the role of the clinical staff working in palliative care. Staff knowledge and attitudes may determine their openness to referring caregivers to a psychological intervention. We recently developed a self-help intervention for grief and psychological distress among caregivers and were interested in exploring the extent to which staff knowledge and attitudes might affect future implementation. The aims of our study were to: (1) examine the acceptability of self-help psychological intervention for caregivers among palliative care clinical staff; (2) examine potential attitudinal barriers …

Exploring Bodily Sensations Experienced During Flow States In Professional National Hunt Jockeys: A Connecting Analysis, Patricia C. Jackman, Gerry Fitzpatrick, Aoife Lane, Christian F. Swann

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Previous research has suggested that distinct bodily sensations are experienced by athletes during flow states, and could represent a sportspecific characteristic of this phenomenon. This study aimed to enrich understanding about bodily sensations and flow states in sport by exploring this experience in national hunt jockeys. The interspecies nature of horserider partnerships accentuates the importance of bodily awareness in equestrian sports. Therefore, horse racing provided a fertile context in which to investigate bodily sensations experienced during flow states in sport. In-depth, semi-structured interviews exploring the experience of flow in horse racing were undertaken with 10 professional national hunt jockeys (M …

About Face: Matching Unfamiliar Faces Across Rotations Of View And Lighting, Simone K. Favelle, Harold C. Hill, Peter Claes

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Matching the identities of unfamiliar faces is heavily influenced by variations in their images. Changes to viewpoint and lighting direction during face perception are commonplace across yaw and pitch axes and can result in dramatic image differences. We report two experiments that, for the first time, factorially investigate the combined effects of lighting and view angle on matching performance for unfamiliar faces. The use of three-dimensional head models allowed control of both lighting and viewpoint. We found viewpoint effects in the yaw axis with little to no effect of lighting. However, for rotations about the pitch axis, there were both …

Eeg Differences Between Eyes-Closed And Eyes-Open Resting Remain In Healthy Ageing, Robert J. Barry, Frances M. De Blasio

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In young adults and children, the eyes-closed (EC) resting state is one of low EEG arousal, with the change to eyes-open (EO) primarily involving an increase in arousal. We used this arousal perspective to interpret EC/EO differences in healthy young and older adults. EEG was recorded from 20 young (Mage=20.4years) and 20 gender-matched older (Mage=68.2years) right-handed adults during two 3min resting conditions; EC then EO. Older participants displayed less delta and theta, some reduction in alpha, and increased beta. Global activity in all bands reduced with opening the eyes, but did not differ with age, indicating that the energetics of …

Electroencephalogram Theta/Beta Ratio And Spectral Power Correlates Of Executive Functions In Children And Adolescents With Ad/Hd, Dawei Zhang, Hui Li, Zhanliang Wu, Qihua Zhao, Yan Song, Lu Liu, Qiujin Qian, Yufeng Wang, Steven J. Roodenrys, Stuart J. Johnstone, Frances M. De Blasio, Li Sun

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

OBJECTIVE: The electroencephalogram (EEG) has been widely used in AD/HD research. The current study firstly aimed to replicate a recent trend related to EEG theta/beta ratio (TBR) in children and adolescents. Also, the study aimed to examine the value of resting EEG activity as biomarkers for executive function (EF) in participants with AD/HD. METHOD: Fifty-three participants with AD/HD and 37 healthy controls were recruited. Resting EEG was recorded with eyes closed. Participants with AD/HD additionally completed EF tasks via the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. RESULTS: TBR did not differ between groups; however, TBR was positively correlated with inattentive symptoms …

A Brief Historical Perspective On The Advent Of Brain Oscillations In The Biological And Psychological Disciplines, Sirel Karakas, Robert J. Barry

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

We aim to review the historical evolution that has led to the study of the brain (body)-mind relationship based on brain oscillations, to outline and illustrate the principles of neuro-oscillatory dynamics using research findings. The paper addresses the relevant developments in behavioral sciences after Wundt established the science of psychology, and developments in the neurosciences after alpha and gamma oscillations were discovered by Berger and Adrian, respectively. Basic neuroscientific studies have led to a number of principles: (1) spontaneous EEG is composed of a set of oscillatory components, (2) the brain responds with oscillatory activity, (3) poststimulus oscillatory activity is …

The Impact Of Interpretive And Reductive Front-Of-Pack Labels On Food Choice And Willingness To Pay, Zenobia Talati, Richard Norman, Simone Pettigrew, Bruce Neal, Bridget Kelly, Helen Dixon, Kylie Ball, Caroline Miller, Trevor Shilton

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: This study examined how front-of-pack labels and product healthfulness affect choice and willingness to pay across a range of foods. It was hypothesized that: (i) product choice and (ii) willingness to pay would be more aligned with product healthfulness when healthfulness was expressed through the Health Star Rating, followed by the Multiple Traffic Light, then the Daily Intake Guide, and (iii) the Nutrition Facts Panel would be viewed infrequently. Methods: Adults and children aged 10+ years (n = 2069) completed an online discrete choice task involving mock food packages. A 4 food type (cookies, corn flakes, pizza, yoghurt) x …

Randomized Controlled Trial And Economic Evaluation Of Nurse-Led Group Support For Young Mothers During Pregnancy And The First Year Postpartum Versus Usual Care, Jacqueline Barnes, Jane Stuart, Elizabeth Allen, Stavros Petrou, Joanna Sturgess, Jane Barlow, Garry Macdonald, Helen Spiby, Dipti Aistrop, Edward Melhuish, Sungwook Kim, Diana Elbourne

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Child maltreatment is a significant public health problem. Group Family Nurse Partnership (gFNP) is a new intervention for young, expectant mothers implemented successfully in pilot studies. This study was designed to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of gFNP in reducing risk factors for maltreatment with a potentially vulnerable population.

Anti-Lgbt Rights Campaigns And The Figure Of The Child, Scott J. Mckinnon

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Scott McKinnon contributes to our marital equality series by exploring the often relied-upon arguments regarding children, 'radicalisation' and education in campaigns against LGBT rights.

Results Of The First Steps Study: A Randomised Controlled Trial And Economic Evaluation Of The Group Family Nurse Partnership (Gfnp) Programme Compared With Usual Care In Improving Outcomes For High-Risk Mothers And Their Children And Preventing Abuse, Jacqueline Barnes, Jane Stuart, Elizabeth Allen, Stephen Petrou, Joanna Sturgess, Jane Barlow, Geraldine Macdonald, Helen Spiby, Dipti Aistrop, Edward Melhuish, Sungwook Kim, Joshua Pink, Jessica Datta, Diana Elbourne

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

The Use Of A Virtual Online Debating Platform To Facilitate Student Discussion Of Potentially Polarising Topics, Paul Mcgreevy, Vicky Tzioumis, Christopher J. Degeling, Jane Johnson, Robert Brown, Mike Sands, Melissa Starling, Clive J. C Phillips

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The merits of students exchanging views through the so-called human continuum exercise (HCE) are well established. The current article describes the creation of the virtual human continuum (VHC), an online platform that facilitates the same teaching exercise. It also reports feedback on the VHC from veterinary science students (n = 38). First-year Doctor of Veterinary Medicine students at the University of Sydney, Australia, trialed the platform and provided feedback. Most students agreed or strongly agreed that the VHC offered: a non-threatening environment for discussing emotive and challenging issues; and an opportunity to see how other people form ideas. It also …

Dog-Bites, Rabies And One Health: Towards Improved Coordination In Research, Policy And Practice, Melanie Rock, Dawn Rault, Christopher J. Degeling

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Dog-bites and rabies are neglected problems worldwide, notwithstanding recent efforts to raise awareness and to consolidate preventive action. As problems, dog-bites and rabies are entangled with one another, and both align with the concept of One Health. This concept emphasizes interdependence between humans and non-human species in complex socio-ecological systems. Despite intuitive appeal, One Health applications and critiques remain under-developed with respect to social science and social justice. In this article, we report on an ethnographic case-study of policies on dog bites and rabies, with a focus on Calgary, Alberta, Canada, which is widely recognized as a leader in animal-control …

Eliminating Latent Tuberculosis In Low-Burden Settings: Are The Principal Beneficiaries To Be Disadvantaged Groups Or The Broader Population?, Christopher J. Degeling, Justin Denholm, Paul Mason, Ian Kerridge, Angus Dawson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the burdens of this disease continue to track prior disadvantage. In order to galvanise a coordinated global res ponse, WHO has recently launched the End TB Campaign that aims to eliminate TB by 2050. Key to this is the introduction of population screening programmes in low-burden settings to identify and treat people who have latent TB infection (LTBI). The defining features of LTBI are: that it is not an active disease but confers an increased risk of disease; the socially disadvantaged are those most in danger and uncertainty …

The Create Critical Appraisal Tool: Establishing The Validity, Reliability And Feasibility Of A Tool To Appraise Research From Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Perspective, Stephen Harfield, O Gibson, Kathryn Anne Morey, Elaine Kite, Karla Canuto, K Glover, Judith Streak Gomersall, Carol Davy, D Carter, Edoardo Aromataris, Annette J. Braunack-Mayer

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at the Global Evidence Summit: Using evidence. Improving lives, 13-16 September 2017, Cape Town, South Africa

A Delphi Survey And Analysis Of Expert Perspectives On One Health In Australia, Christopher J. Degeling, Jane Johnson, Michael P. Ward, Andrew Wilson, Gwendolyn L. Gilbert

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

One Health (OH) is an interdisciplinary approach aiming to achieve optimal health for humans, animals and their environments. Case reports and systematic reviews of success are emerging; however, discussion of barriers and enablers of cross-sectoral collaboration are rare. A four-phase mixed-method Delphi survey of Australian human and animal health practitioners and policymakers (n = 52) explored areas of consensus and disagreement over: (1) the operational definition of OH; (2) potential for cross-sectoral collaboration; and (3) key priorities for shaping the development of an OH response to significantly elevated zoonotic disease risk. Participants agreed OH is essential for effective infectious disease …

Measured, Opportunistic, Unexpected And Naïve Quitting: A Qualitative Grounded Theory Study Of The Process Of Quitting From The Ex-Smokers' Perspective, Andrea L. Smith, Stacy M. Carter, Sally M. Dunlop, Becky Freeman, Simon Chapman

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background To better understand the process of quitting from the ex-smokers' perspective, and to explore the role spontaneity and planning play in quitting. Methods Qualitative grounded theory study using in-depth interviews with 37 Australian adult ex-smokers (24-68 years; 15 males, 22 females) who quit smoking in the past 6-24 months (26 quit unassisted; 11 used assistance). Results Based on participants' accounts of quitting, we propose a typology of quitting experiences: measured, opportunistic, unexpected and naïve. Two key features integral to participants' accounts of their quitting experiences were used as the basis of the typology: (1) the apparent onset of quitting …

What Is Overdiagnosis And Why Should We Take It Seriously In Cancer Screening?, Stacy M. Carter, Alexandra Barratt

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Overdiagnosis occurs in a population when conditions are diagnosed correctly but the diagnosis produces an unfavourable balance between benefits and harms. In cancer screening, overdiagnosed cancers are those that did not need to be found because they would not have produced symptoms or led to premature death. These overdiagnosed cancers can be distinguished from false positives, which occur when an initial screening test suggests that a person is at high risk but follow-up testing shows them to be at normal risk. The cancers most likely to be overdiagnosed through screening are those of the prostate, thyroid, breast and lung. Overdiagnosis …

Primary Goals, Information-Giving And Men's Understanding: A Qualitative Study Of Australian And Uk Doctors' Varied Communication About Psa Screening, Kristen Pickles, Stacy M. Carter, Lucie Rychetnik, Kirsten Mccaffery, Vikki A. Entwistle

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objectives (1) To characterise variation in general practitioners' (GPs') accounts of communicating with men about prostate cancer screening using the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, (2) to characterise GPs' reasons for communicating as they do and (3) to explain why and under what conditions GP communication approaches vary. Study design and setting A grounded theory study. We interviewed 69 GPs consulting in primary care practices in Australia (n=40) and the UK (n=29). Results GPs explained their communication practices in relation to their primary goals. In Australia, three different communication goals were reported: to encourage asymptomatic men to either have a PSA …

Are Motivational Signs To Increase Stair Use A Thing Of The Past? A Multi‐Building Study, Lina Engelen, Joanne Gale, Josephine Chau, Adrian E. Bauman

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Issue addressed Only half of Australia's adult population is sufficiently physical active. One method thought to increase incidental physical activity at work is the use of stair‐promoting interventions. Stairs are readily available and stair climbing is considered vigorous physical activity. Motivational signs have been extensively and effectively trialled to increase stair use, but are they suitable for contemporary populations? Methods Participants were occupants of three selected University of Sydney buildings using the elevators or stairs. Infrared people counters were installed to monitor stair and elevator use for 24 h/day during two baseline weeks, followed by two intervention weeks, where motivational …

Pacific Islands Field Education (Pife) 2016 Report, Jioji Ravulo

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

We have successfully completed 4 years (2013 - 2016) of facilitating the Pacific Islands Field Education (PIFE) initiative, striving to achieve the following three key components: 1. Provide international learning opportunities for Western Sydney University students 2. Enhance social work education; including teaching, learning and research resources through University of the South Pacific (USP) 3. Promote the development and identity of professional Social Work across Oceania region. Within this active partnership with University of the South Pacific, the project has provided scope to develop ongoing relationships with community based services, whilst bolstering the manner in which social work education is …

Overdiagnosis: An Important Issue That Demands Rigour And Precision; Comment On "Medicalisation And Overdiagnosis: What Society Does To Medicine", Stacy M. Carter

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Van Dijk and colleagues present three cases to illustrate and discuss the relationship between medicalisation and overdiagnosis. In this commentary, I consider each of the case studies in turn, and in doing so emphasise two main points. The first is that it is not possible to assess whether overdiagnosis is occurring based solely on incidence rates: it is necessary also to have data about the benefits and harms that are produced by diagnosis. The second is that much is at stake in discussions of overdiagnosis in particular, and that it is critical that work in this area is conceptually rigorous, …

Retention In Enhanced Team Based Learning Course: Retain Or Refrain?, Janil Puthucheary, Sok H. Goh, Tam C. Ha, Doyle G. Graham, Sandy Cook

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Students’ ability to retain content in medical school has always been a concern. At Duke-NUS Medical School, we modified our Team-Based Learning (TBL) classes known as TeamLEAD, a learning strategy for first year basic science content, to include an open/closed-book option in the readiness assurance phase to engage teams in deeper discussion. We hypothesize that the open-book option allows students to engage in deeper learning in their teams, which leads to an improvement in retention ability for each individual student at the end of their first year basic science curriculum.

Methods: A total of 115 MCQs used throughout first year …

Using Film In Social Work Education: A Medium For Critical Analysis, Mim Fox

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Whilst developing an undergraduate social work subject this year in group work practice I started to reflect on the number of films I had seen over the years where support groups or group process had been depicted as a component of the protagonist's life journey. Modern films such as Ruben Guthrie (2015) and Thankyou for Sharing (2012) came to mind, along with the classic One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975). As I started to think about this the list grew and I realised that social work students already had a wealth of representations to draw on when beginning to …

Fit For Purpose, Alison F. Bell

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Packaged food and beverages are commonly used hospital environments for single serve portion control, convenience and cost savings (Rechbauer 2013). Older adults occupy almost half of Australian hospital beds and this percentage will increase with the corresponding ageing of the general population (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2017). The provision of packaged hospital food service to these older adults is relevant as researchers have estimated that 40% of UK hospital patients were malnourished with 60% at risk, with the. . .' average food intake less than 75% of that recommended, particularly among the elderly' (Schenker 2003). In fact, studies …