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2009

Social and Behavioral Sciences

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Articles 1471 - 1500 of 1741

Full-Text Articles in Education

Underdetermined Interests: Scientific 'Goods' And Animal Welfare, Christopher J. Degeling, Jane Johnson Jan 2009

Underdetermined Interests: Scientific 'Goods' And Animal Welfare, Christopher J. Degeling, Jane Johnson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

It is well known that the culture within which actors such as scientists and clinicians operate is structured by the mechanisms through which institutional rewards are distributed (Garfield 1979). In the biosciences, citation counts are the accepted markers of a researcher's originality and competence that permit access to funding, promotion and other forms of institutional support. Osborne and colleagues' (2009) study suggests that beneath this publication-driven reward system is a widespread indifference on the part of journals to the ethical/welfare issues that surround the use of animals for the purposes of science. Although the promotion of animal welfare is not …

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Male Rape: Constructing Consent Through Social Attitudes, Philip Rumney, Natalia K. Hanley Jan 2009

Male Rape: Constructing Consent Through Social Attitudes, Philip Rumney, Natalia K. Hanley

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at the SLSA Annual Conference, 7-9 April 2009, Leicester, United Kingdom

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Non-Sensory Inputs To Angular Path Integration, Joeanna C. Arthur, John W. Philbeck, David Chichka Jan 2009

Non-Sensory Inputs To Angular Path Integration, Joeanna C. Arthur, John W. Philbeck, David Chichka

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Non-sensory (cognitive) inputs can play a powerful role in monitoring one's self-motion. Previously, we showed that access to spatial memory dramatically increases response precision in an angular self-motion updating task [1]. Here, we examined whether spatial memory also enhances a particular type of self-motion updating - angular path integration. "Angular path integration" refers to the ability to maintain an estimate of self-location after a rotational displacement by integrating internally-generated (idiothetic) self-motion signals over time. It was hypothesized that remembered spatial frameworks derived from vision and spatial language should facilitate angular path integration by decreasing the uncertainty of self-location estimates. To …

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Environmental Attitudes And Knowledge In Urban, Latino Youth, Jeffery Brian Chapman Jan 2009

Environmental Attitudes And Knowledge In Urban, Latino Youth, Jeffery Brian Chapman

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this thesis was to evaluate an environmental education program at the Audubon Center at Debs Park to examine if the program improved participants' knowledge and attitudes about the environment. Located just minutes from downtown Los Angeles, The Audubon Center conducts programs primarily for urban, low income, and ethnic minority children. The majority of these children are Latino.

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The Use Of An Environmental Education Service Learning Project To Enhance Student Motivation In A Secondary School, Mary Frances O'Connell-Hershey Jan 2009

The Use Of An Environmental Education Service Learning Project To Enhance Student Motivation In A Secondary School, Mary Frances O'Connell-Hershey

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this project was to show any possible variations in environmental education awareness and changes in student motivation among secondary students. In this study two student cohorts from two separate classes completed assignments based on a traditional approach of education and environmental science service-learning project.

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Research On Autonomous English-Learning Strategies Of American Culture And Language Students, Jing Xu Jan 2009

Research On Autonomous English-Learning Strategies Of American Culture And Language Students, Jing Xu

Theses Digitization Project

This study will serve as a guideline for adult second-language learners who want to strengthen the effectiveness of self-directed learning outcomes or develop their self-directed learning strategies. Through the understanding of learning factors, fossilized language elements, and their own learning strategies, learners will be more confident and motivated to pursue their personal second-language acquisition goals and aspirations. These strategies are designed to help Taiwanese second-language learners.

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Shaping Our Children's Future: Perceived Self-Efficacy In A Montessori Environment, Candace Joan Andrews Jan 2009

Shaping Our Children's Future: Perceived Self-Efficacy In A Montessori Environment, Candace Joan Andrews

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility that students who spend more time in a Montessori environment exhibit higher levels of self-efficacy than children who have more of their school career exposed to traditional education methods. This study used a nonprobability convenience sampling where participants were selected using a volunteer process. The sample included a total of 36 children ranging from 7th to 12th grade who volunteered to participate in this study.

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A Critical Analysis Of L1 And L2 Composition Scholarship On Instructor Feedback, Danny Elbar Marenco Jan 2009

A Critical Analysis Of L1 And L2 Composition Scholarship On Instructor Feedback, Danny Elbar Marenco

Theses Digitization Project

This study focuses on what the scholarship indicates about students' attitudes toward instructor feedback and strategies of instructor feedback. This thesis presents a critical analysis of L1 and L2 composition scholarship instructor feedback.

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Abstinence-Only Versus Comprehensive Sex Education: Which Model Is Likely To Be Supported By College Students?, Ifeanyi Casimia Alozie Jan 2009

Abstinence-Only Versus Comprehensive Sex Education: Which Model Is Likely To Be Supported By College Students?, Ifeanyi Casimia Alozie

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this study is to check the accuracy as well as the validity of previous studies conducted on sex education programs in this country. This study looks at the attitudes of college students who are parents as to what method they believe can be effective in preventing teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. The research question for this project is: which model of sex education (abstinence-only sex education model or comprehensive sex education model) is more likely to be accepted or supported by college students who are parents and why? And, are there reasons/factors that will influence their …

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Classroom Self-Regulation And Variations In Cardiovascular Activity Predict Reading Achievement, Derek Raymond Becker Jan 2009

Classroom Self-Regulation And Variations In Cardiovascular Activity Predict Reading Achievement, Derek Raymond Becker

Theses Digitization Project

This thesis investigates if variations in cardiovascular reactivity measured during an attention eliciting stressor improved the prediction of a child's total reading achievement scores, above that accounted for by classroom self-regulation.

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Teacher Perceptions Of Environmental Education: An Exploratory Assessment, Joye Charlotte Marika Cantrell Jan 2009

Teacher Perceptions Of Environmental Education: An Exploratory Assessment, Joye Charlotte Marika Cantrell

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this study was to initiate an exploratory assessment of teacher knowledge, values, and environmental education practices at a local urban high school to gain general perception of a staff's readiness to yet embrace another teacher certification requirement.

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Changing The Latitudes And Attitudes About Content Analysis Research, Eve M. Brank, Kathleen A. Fox, Tasha J. Youstin, Lee C. Boeppler Jan 2009

Changing The Latitudes And Attitudes About Content Analysis Research, Eve M. Brank, Kathleen A. Fox, Tasha J. Youstin, Lee C. Boeppler

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The current research employs the use of content analysis to teach research methods concepts among students enrolled in an upper-division research methods course. Students coded and analyzed Jimmy Buffett song lyrics rather than using a downloadable database or collecting survey data. Students’ knowledge of content analysis concepts increased after a lecture on the topic of content analysis, but it further improved after participating in the song coding, data cleaning, and writing of results. Additionally, students reported high satisfaction with the project and believed it was an interesting and enjoyable technique for learning about research methods. We provide suggestions for incorporating …

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Attachment And The Schools, Jennifer N. Allan Jan 2009

Attachment And The Schools, Jennifer N. Allan

Graduate Research Papers

In order to be effective workers in the schools, school staff members must be able to form some sort of relationship with individual students. The ability of students to form relationships depends upon the attachments they have formed with their caretakers. The purpose of this literature review was to explore different types of attachment, interventions that can be used with students who have attachment issues, and how attachment can affect schools all of which are given from. the perspective of a school counselor. The literature review investigates and summarizes the impact both healthy and unhealthy attachment has on a student …

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Cortisol Reactivity Across The Day At Child Care: Examining The Contributions Of Child Temperament And Attachment To Mother And Lead Teacher, Lisa S. Badanes Jan 2009

Cortisol Reactivity Across The Day At Child Care: Examining The Contributions Of Child Temperament And Attachment To Mother And Lead Teacher, Lisa S. Badanes

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Previous work has shown that full-day center-based child care is associated with increased physiologic stress for many young children (e.g., Tout, de Haan, Campbell, & Gunnar, 1998; Watamura, Sebanc, & Gunnar, 2002). Specifically, increasing cortisol from morning to afternoon at full-day child care in contrast to decreasing cortisol across the day for these same children at home has been repeatedly demonstrated for toddlers and preschoolers. Factors that have been related to rising cortisol across the day at child care include the child's age (rising cortisol at child care between 2 and 5 years, but not for infants or older children, …

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Perceived Closeness To The Deceased And Its Predictive Effect On The Development Of Prolonged Grief Disorder And Suicidality Among Bereaved College Students, Jeffrey Alan Rings Jan 2009

Perceived Closeness To The Deceased And Its Predictive Effect On The Development Of Prolonged Grief Disorder And Suicidality Among Bereaved College Students, Jeffrey Alan Rings

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A growing percentage of college students are experiencing severe and debilitating psychological problems (Caulfield, 2000; Douce, 2004; Kitzrow, 2003). Despite being a commonly-encountered stressor among undergraduates (Currier et al., 2006), the occurrence of bereavement is addressed rarely among the college mental health literature. However, bereavement has been shown to lead to increased suicidality and other problematic mental health symptoms (Prigerson, Bridge et al., 1999). Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD), a newly-defined mental health diagnosis, has been found to be a more accurate indicator of poorer mental health functioning among bereaved individuals than other mental health conditions (Silverman et al., 2000). Some …

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Making Ethical Sense Of Useless Suffering With Levinas, Jules Simon Jan 2009

Making Ethical Sense Of Useless Suffering With Levinas, Jules Simon

Jules Simon

No abstract provided.

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Teaching Social And Emotional Competence In Early Childhood, Rita Coombs Richardson, Steve P. Myran, Steve Tonelson Jan 2009

Teaching Social And Emotional Competence In Early Childhood, Rita Coombs Richardson, Steve P. Myran, Steve Tonelson

Communication Disorders & Special Education Faculty Publications

This study evaluated the impact of a social skills curriculum on the social behaviors of students in two pre-kindergarten classrooms. Participating were 30 students in a program based at a university child study center. The average age of the participants was four years ten months. The income levels of the families varied from low social economic status to high middle economic status. Two examiners independently completed the Social Skills and Attitude Scale (SSAS) for each child. The examiners observed the children and recorded children's pre and post intervention behaviors on a checklist. The study yielded positive evidence that the social …

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Library Annual Report Jan 2009

Library Annual Report

Library Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

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Adolescent Girls In Urban Ethiopia: Vulnerability And Opportunity, Abebaw Ferede, Annabel Erulkar Jan 2009

Adolescent Girls In Urban Ethiopia: Vulnerability And Opportunity, Abebaw Ferede, Annabel Erulkar

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

In 2008, the Population Council undertook a survey of out-of-school, adolescent girls (aged 10 to 19) in slum areas of urban Ethiopia—a population that is highly vulnerable to HIV infection. The survey serves as a baseline for HIV prevention programs designed and implemented jointly by the Ministry of Youth and Sports, Regional Bureaus of Youth and Sports, and the Population Council. This study provided valuable direction for programmers interested in supporting adolescent girls, particularly early adolescent (10 to 14 years old) and out-of-school girls who are highly vulnerable and in need of dedicated attention. Special efforts are needed to support …

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And How Will You Remember Me, My Child? Redefining Fatherhood In Turkey, Gary Barker, Deniz Dogruoz, Debbie Rogow Jan 2009

And How Will You Remember Me, My Child? Redefining Fatherhood In Turkey, Gary Barker, Deniz Dogruoz, Debbie Rogow

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This issue of Quality/Calidad/Qualité profiles the AÇEV Father Support Program, a series of 13-week-long support groups for fathers across Turkey. Fatherhood (and men’s roles in the lives of children in general) is an ideal starting point for engaging men in gender equality for two key reasons: most men want to be involved in the lives of children, whether their own biological children or younger siblings, nieces, or nephews; and responsibility for the care of children is at the heart of gender inequality. The program reached nearly 10,000 men, teaching them about their role in the development of their children and …

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Sexuality Education Matters: Experiences Of Youth In Tamil Nadu, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council Jan 2009

Sexuality Education Matters: Experiences Of Youth In Tamil Nadu, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Serious reservations have been expressed about providing family life or sex education for school-going youth in India. Tamil Nadu is a state in India that had introduced the School AIDS Education Programme in 1997. Data from the “Youth in India: Situation and Needs” study conducted in Tamil Nadu permit an exploration of whether or not exposure to family life or sex education is associated with safe and healthy behaviors among young people. This policy brief documents the extent of exposure to family life or sex education among youth in Tamil Nadu and the extent to which sexual and reproductive health …

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Examining The Invisibility Of Girl-To-Girl Bullying In The Schools: A Call To Action, Suzanne Soohoo Jan 2009

Examining The Invisibility Of Girl-To-Girl Bullying In The Schools: A Call To Action, Suzanne Soohoo

Education Faculty Articles and Research

"It does not matter whether one is 13, 33, or 53 years old, but if you are female, chances are that other girls have bullied you sometime in your lifetime. Bullying is not the kind of abuse that leaves broken bones; rather, it is a dehumanizing experience that manifests itself in the form of rumor spreading, name calling, psychological manipulation, character assassination, and social exclusion. Female teachers who are former victims of girl bullies or who themselves have been complicit with girl-to-girl bullying, consistently casting a blind eye to this ritualized social degradation, allowing it to continue generation after generation. …

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Faces In The Mirror: Exploring Conflict Styles Of Adults In School Communities Using The Face -Negotiation Theory, Christine D. Gross Jan 2009

Faces In The Mirror: Exploring Conflict Styles Of Adults In School Communities Using The Face -Negotiation Theory, Christine D. Gross

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This correlation study focused on the lack of understanding of the relationship between social self-image "face" and conflict styles among adult employees on school campuses. An individual's social self-image may involve concerns for the social representation of oneself, another individual, or a relationship. Limited research pertaining to the degree face concerns affect conflict styles within school communities is a problem for school administrators because conflict styles can influence conflict outcomes and impact workplace quality on school campuses. This study relied on Ting-Toomey's face-negotiation theory, which proposes that individuals prefer conflict styles based upon face concerns. Research questions explored correlations between …

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Spiritual And Religious Diversity: Implications For Counselor Education Programs, Sharon R. Gough Jan 2009

Spiritual And Religious Diversity: Implications For Counselor Education Programs, Sharon R. Gough

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The Association for Spiritual, Ethical, and Religious Values in Counseling (ASERVC) identifies 9 core competencies for integrating spirituality/religion into practice. Previous research indicates that some mental health professionals have experienced discomfort when considering the balance between religious ideology (RI) and scientific orientation (SO) in their practice. However, no research exists assessing this potential for cognitive dissonance among mental health professionals nor has there been a test of the relative influence of RI/SO on approval of ASERVC competency integration into counselor training. Therefore, the purpose of this quantitative study was first to assess RI/SO cognitive dissonance and, second, to test RI/SO …

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Pushing Past The Walls: Media Literacy, The “Emancipated” Classroom, And A Really Severe Learning Curve, Adam W. Tyma Jan 2009

Pushing Past The Walls: Media Literacy, The “Emancipated” Classroom, And A Really Severe Learning Curve, Adam W. Tyma

Communication Faculty Publications

This essay's purpose is primarily to document the creation process of the Bethesda Program After-School Media Literacy program via a curriculum inspired by critical pedagogy (e.g., Freire, Giroux, Warren). Second, it will conduct a theoretical critique of the project, utilizing the experiences of the project advisor (me). Finally, given the first two sections, this essay will offer a discussion of how this project and the pedagogical process could work in the future.

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Comparing Rural Parent And Teacher Perspectives Of Parental Involvement: A Mixed Methods Study, Ann C. Stout Jan 2009

Comparing Rural Parent And Teacher Perspectives Of Parental Involvement: A Mixed Methods Study, Ann C. Stout

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Parents and teachers have differing perspectives of parental involvement which presents a barrier to the development of effective parental involvement. This mixed-method, sequential, exploratory study of parents and teachers in rural school districts sought to identify, compare, and analyze these divergent parental involvement perspectives. A sample of 122 parents and 21 certified teachers from 3 rural elementary schools were first surveyed using parallel questions from Epstein's School and family partnerships parent (or teacher) questionnaire (SFP). Independent-sample t-tests of SFP scales confirmed parental involvement perspectives of parents and teachers differed significantly. Survey data was analyzed descriptively and identified 5 specific topics …

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A Phenomenological Study Of The Lived Experiences Of Adolescent Females With Asperger Syndrome, Lisa Marie Beteta Jan 2009

A Phenomenological Study Of The Lived Experiences Of Adolescent Females With Asperger Syndrome, Lisa Marie Beteta

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Minimal research focuses on females with Asperger Syndrome (AS). Without understanding the experiences of this population, the knowledge and understanding necessary for the development of appropriate diagnosis and supports is unavailable. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to gain insights into the challenges faced by females with AS by describing the central phenomena of their lived experiences from a critical feminist theoretical framework. Four participants were included in the study that explored their lived experiences pertaining to academic, home, personal, and social experiences including their recollections pertaining to these social contexts during elementary, middle, and high school. Data was …

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Personality Traits, Self -Efficacy Of Job Performance, And Susceptibility To Stress As Predictors Of Academic Performance Of Nurse Education Programs, Nancy Wilson-Soga Jan 2009

Personality Traits, Self -Efficacy Of Job Performance, And Susceptibility To Stress As Predictors Of Academic Performance Of Nurse Education Programs, Nancy Wilson-Soga

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The United States is experiencing a shortage of registered nurses, and institutions of higher education are unable to graduate enough prepared nurses to reduce this employment shortage. A significant relationship between personality traits and academic performance has been found; however, how personality traits combine with students' self-efficacy of job performance and stress susceptibility to impact nursing students' academic performance has yet to be demonstrated. This study, grounded in the five-factor model (FFM) of personality traits, self-efficacy, and stress theories, sought to determine whether self-assessments of the NEO-Five Factor Inventory, the Nursing Practice Self-Efficacy survey, and the Susceptibility Under Stress Survey …

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Survey Study Of The Relationship Between Parents' And Teachers' Perceptions Of What Constitutes Effective School -To -Home Communications, Jill L. Murphy Jan 2009

Survey Study Of The Relationship Between Parents' And Teachers' Perceptions Of What Constitutes Effective School -To -Home Communications, Jill L. Murphy

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Even though guidelines at a suburban elementary school in Georgia were in place for teachers regarding frequency and methods of parent communication, it was unclear if these methods were being used consistently and effectively. Research has shown that effective communication increases student achievement, but there is a lack of research examining communication preferences of teachers and parents. Therefore, this study evaluated current practices by comparing parents' and teachers' perceptions of what constitutes effective school-to-home communications. The researcher administered questionnaires to a random sample of teachers and parents of 3rd, 4th, and 5th grade students to compare their perceptions of the …

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Social Interest And Self -Efficacy Levels Among High School Volunteer Mentors And Their Non -Mentor Peers: A Comparison Study, Courtney Brewer Jan 2009

Social Interest And Self -Efficacy Levels Among High School Volunteer Mentors And Their Non -Mentor Peers: A Comparison Study, Courtney Brewer

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This study examined social interest, social self-efficacy, and general self-efficacy levels of high school volunteer mentors and their nonmentor peers. School-based peer mentoring has become a popular method for providing support services to students. While several studies examining mentee outcomes appeared in the past decade, less research has examined characteristics of the high school mentors involved. The choice of variables was grounded in Bandura's Social Learning Theory and Adler's Individual Psychology. Thirty-seven mentors and 32 nonmentors from a suburban New York high school completed the Social Interest Scale and the Self-efficacy Scale. Mentor volunteers scored significantly higher in social self-efficacy …

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