Education Commons^™

The Struggle Over Education's Purpose, Melanie Springer Mock

Faculty Publications - Department of English

While reading John D. Roth’s social history of Goshen College, the words of Ecclesiastes 1:9 came to mind: “There is nothing new under the sun.” ­Goshen’s challenges were (and are) similar to other church-affiliated schools. Concerns about “theological drift,” raised at Goshen a century ago, continue not only there but at other faith-based institutions. A faculty member at my university recently expressed similar worry about losing our faith-centered focus, using the same language of theological drift.

Truth U, Justice U, Jesus U, Joseph Clair

Faculty Publications - George Fox School of Theology

Excerpt: "College and university professors in the liberal arts (humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences) are almost entirely left-leaning, liberal, or progressive, and this is especially true among faculty in the humanities and social sciences. Insofar as political party affiliation is representative, the statistics are stunning- roughly 12: I Democrat to Republican in the humanities and social sciences nationally, and this ratio is even more pronounced in certain selective schools (Brown University takes the cake with 60:1).1 Students who attend liberal arts colleges or universities (that is, non-trade, nonvocational schools that require core curricula and keep an array of majors …

Five Ideas For How Professors Can Deal With Gpt-3 ... For Now, Travis Ryan Pickell, Brian R. Doak

Faculty Publications - George Fox School of Theology

"The most immediate question that needs to be addressed is pedagogical: how can we continue to teach in the GPT Age?...Beyond the questions of pedagogical best practices, GPT-3 raises deeper philosophical and pragmatic questions about the nature and purpose of higher education."

Trauma And Academic Impact: Stories From At-Risk Youth, Brenda Morton, Edd.

Faculty Publications - College of Education

Youth continue to leave school prior to earning a high school diploma, despite focused attention and resources on this population of students (Porche, et al., 2011), leaving unanswered questions as to what support this group of students need. Researchers identified attendance, disciplinary issues, and low grade point average, as prevalent in dropouts, but few have explored the story behind the statistics. This study sought to fill this gap in the literature by exploring the role of trauma and Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) in the lives of students at risk for academic failure, by examining their lived experiences. To that end, …

Sowing Hope Where There Is Despair (Chapter 4 Of Practicing The Prayer Of St. Francis), Patrick Allen

Faculty Publications - College of Education

Excerpt from the Introduction:

So, how do we sow hope where there is despair? That is the major question we will address in this chapter. First, we’ll look a bit more at despair and why it troubles our spirits so deeply before turning to the subject of hope, something we all can embrace. Then, we’ll pick up the story of Elijah once more. I believe that it is a textbook example for how to sow hope in the wilderness of despair. Before closing, I will offer a few practical steps we can take when we despair or walk with those …

Middle School Students' Types Of Mathematical Personifications, Nicole Enzinger, Clara Stilwell

Faculty Publications - College of Education

Unpacking middle school students' mathematical relationships is important as a step towards improving mathematical relationships. ln this study, 500 middle school students drew personifications of mathematics. We examined these personifications of mathematics for insight into their relationships with mathematics. Using constant comparative methods, we present various ways the middle school students personified mathematics. Negative relationships were personified with terrible beasts, abusers, authoritarians, and pests/nuisances. Positive relationships were personified with best friends and nature. Some personifications supported both positive and negative relationships or were neutral relationships. Reflecting on these personifications point to components of positive relationships with mathematics that we should …

The Critical Need For Peer Clinical Supervision Among School Counselors, Pamelia E. Brott, Lorraine Dekruyf, Jung H. Hyun, Christopher R. Lafever, Sarah Patterson-Mills, Miriama I. Cook Sandifer, Victoria Stone

Faculty Publications - Graduate School of Counseling

The ongoing need for clinical supervision of practicing school counselors in the United States has reached a critical point. Given the acute mental health needs of children and adolescents, staggering caseloads, and pandemic repercussions, school counselors often receive insufficient clinical support. Clinical supervision is necessary to safeguard against burnout, promote ethical practice, and encourage continual skill development for school counselors worldwide. Unfortunately, there remains a lack of available clinical supervision, trained supervisors, and practice-based strategies for providing consistent quality supervision for post-master’s school counselors. The authors present a rationale for peer clinical supervision of practicing school counselors in the United …

Escape Reality: Reaching Your Students With Virtual Instruction And Fun (Presentation), Jenny Bruxvoort, Kate Wimer, Amanda Matthysse

Faculty Publications - George Fox University Libraries

Creating a virtual escape room might seem overwhelming, especially at first, but don't worry, you've got this! Focusing on instructional design from the beginning will give you a solid foundation and help you bring the project to life - you don't need any crazy tech skills to create an engaging, educational experience like this for your online students! In this session, we will share our experiences creating virtual escape rooms for first-year students at two different universities and give you our best tips and a structure for how to get started with your own.

Participants will:

• Understand the importance of …

Library Ebooks At George Fox University, Robin M. Ashford

Faculty Publications - George Fox University Libraries

Workshop presentation discussing how to find, access, and best utilize the variety of ebook platforms used here at George Fox University.

How To Make Core Textbooks More Affordable For Students: A Pitch From The Textbook Affordability Program At George Fox Library, Jenny Bruxvoort

Faculty Publications - George Fox University Libraries

A presentation to the faculty of GFU's new Cornerstone Core general education program, urging them to embrace our textbook affordability initiative.

Introduction And Invitation (Chapter One Of Generating Tact And Flow For Effective Teaching And Learning), Susanna M. Steeg Thornhill, Ken Badley

Faculty Publications - College of Education

Extract: "This book is for teachers, written by teachers, about the magic days. The days when things go so well you imagine that although teaching is a severely underpaid gig, you loved your work so much you might consider teaching for free. Maybe your most challenging students joined you on the learning journey in a new way, or a slightly under-planned lesson went much better than you anticipated, generating clear direction for the following week. Maybe things took a completely unexpected turn, and a teachable moment turned into a power hour fueled by excited and engaged students. These are the …

Revolutionizing Our Assessment Processes To Match Our Assessment Realities, Dane C. Joseph

Faculty Publications - College of Education

As assessment professionals we are challenged to be critical, analytical, creative, and realistic about what we either do or do not know, and to mine data to support our epistemic limitations. When assessment is done well, it transforms data into information into knowledge that aids good judgment and decision-making. These judgments are used on smaller scales to solve every day operational tasks or on larger scales to determine the fate of academic programs. Both usages provide accountability to our stakeholders. But too often assessment is stuck in a rut and becomes mechanical to a point where the value of assessment …

Not For The Faint Of Heart: An Informal Review Of The Literature On Stress Among School Administrators, Gary F. Sehorn Dr.

Faculty Publications - College of Education

School administrators face intensifying work demands and increased scrutiny. The role is challenging and isolating. For women, minorities, rural school leaders, and those new to administration, there are additional challenges to face.

It is essential for those shaping programs to prepare future school administrators and support leaders in the field to have a thorough understanding of the many challenges that can make it difficult for school leaders to simply survive, let alone thrive. Some challenges are common to nearly all school leaders, but challenges unique to individual leaders are shaped by circumstance, personal characteristics, and choices made along the way. …

Faith And Experience In Education: Essays From Quaker Perspectives (Book Review), Linda Samek

Faculty Publications - College of Education

"In Faith and Experience in Education: Essays from Quaker Perspectives, we find essays emerging from conversations conducted by the Quaker Values in Education Group in Britain."

Prospective Teachers’ Attention To Realism And Consistency With Negative Integers, Addition, And Temperature, Nicole Enzinger, Jennifer Tobias, Dana Olanoff

Faculty Publications - College of Education

Writing and evaluating contextual problems is an important task in the work of teaching, and thus is part of the knowledge that prospective teachers must develop. In dealing with word problems posed both by children and themselves, prospective teachers will need to attend to the realism of the context and the consistency between the operation and context with integer operations. This study describes an examination of the ways in which 100 prospective teachers responded to a child’s temperature story for an integer addition number sentence (i.e., 9 þ 􀀁 6 ¼ ☐). The child’s story, which was an actual story …

Examining Relationships Between Resilience Protective Factors And Moral Distress Among Nursing Students, Lorretta Krautscheid,, Laura Mood, Susan M. Mclennon, Taylor C. Mossman, Marie Wagner, Jessica Wode

Faculty Publications - College of Nursing

A correlation pilot study was conducted to examine relationships between resilience protective factors and moral distress associated with clinical practica in nursing students. Aggregate moral distress rating was x = 3.67. Two of four resilience protective factor subcategories demonstrated significant inverse correlations with moral distress rating. Inverse correlations were found between social support and moral distress (r = −.27, p < .05) and between goal efficacy and moral distress (r = −.37, p < .01). The findings should help educators prioritize resilience-enhancing educational strategies.

Art Therapy In The Time Of Covid-19, Mallory Braus, Brenda Morton

Faculty Publications - College of Education

We are fighting two invisible enemies: COVID-19 and mental health challenges due to unmitigated stress and trauma as we follow directions to avoid the spread of the virus. To address the mental health challenges, art therapy is offered as a tool to support individuals during periods of isolation. Art therapy is a wonderful self-care activity that can benefit individuals throughout the life span.

Game-Based Teaching Methodology And Empathy (Chapter In How Shall We Then Care? : A Christian Educator’S Guide To Caring For Self, Learners, Colleagues, And Community), Angel Krause, Scot Headley, Danielle Bryant, Alicia Watkin, Charity-Mika Woodard, Sherri Sinicki

Faculty Publications - College of Education

Excerpt: "While ethics instruction in initial teacher education and advanced preparation in education fields is fairly common,1 less common is the particular curriculum and teaching methodology described herein. Professional educators make many daily decisions regarding curriculum, instruction, and assessment.2 A number of those decisions reflect a need for and commitment to ethical frameworks that inform professional decisionmaking. Indeed, as Shapiro and Gross point out, “The most difficult decisions to solve are ethical ones that require dealing with paradoxes and complexities.”3 Often, educators find themselves at decision points in which ethical systems seem to clash."

Improving Educational Attainment For Girls: A Case Study Of One Rural Kenyan School, Eloise Hockett

Faculty Publications - College of Education

The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine one rural Kenyan community’s attempts to improve the educational attainment for primary school girls in the region. Data were gathered through field notes; school artifacts; and interviews with teachers, community members, and grade eight girls. The asset-building theory of change (social, human, physical, and economic) was used to analyze the barriers to education, solutions to those barriers, and results from those solutions. Although some research studies of school improvements in Kenya exist, this research addresses a critical gap in understanding how even small improvements in a school can positively impact educational …

Mathematics Education Communities: Crossing Virtual Boundaries, Joshua T. Hertel,, Nicole M. Enzinger, Justin K. Dimmel

Faculty Publications - College of Education

The growth of social media has yielded a range of virtual communities focused on issues related to education (Carpenter & Krutka, 2014; Hur & Brush, 2009). These communities, which operate across a range of different platforms, create an evolving landscape for users to navigate. Moreover, interactions within and across virtual communities has become a norm within society at large as well as within mathematics education. The Math Twitter Blog-o-Sphere (MTBoS), Mathematics Stack Exchange, specialized Facebook groups, and myNCTM are just a few examples of communities that are currently popular with mathematics teachers and educators in North America. Similarly, students of …

Trauma-Informed School Practices In Response To The Impact Of Social-Cultural Trauma (Chapter In How Shall We Then Care? A Christian Educator's Guide To Caring For Self, Learners, Colleagues, And Community), Anna A. Berardi Phd., Brenda Morton

Faculty Publications - Graduate School of Counseling

Excerpt: "In this chapter we present a model for addressing the academic and behavioral challenges of students impacted by unmitigated stress and trauma. Typically, trauma-informed school literature addresses trauma resulting from abusive, or neglectful behaviors that occur in the home (Bailey, 2015; Craig, 2016; Massachusetts Advocates for Children, 2005; Souers & Hall, 2016). Here, the type of trauma we are addressing is threats to the physical and emotional health of students due to social and cultural factors. Perhaps most detrimental and deadly is trauma resulting from war, economic collapse, civil unrest, and social-political attitudes, laws, and customs that exclude, marginalize, …

Conceptual Models For Integer Addition And Subtraction, Nicole M. Wessman-Enzinger, Edward S. Mooney

Faculty Publications - College of Education

In this article, we report the findings of a study conducted with 6 Grade 8 students in the United States. The students posed stories for open number sentences involving addition and subtraction of integers. We analysed the stories posed by the students to build models that describe the conceptual structures behind these posed stories – the conceptual models for integer addition and subtraction. These four conceptual models for thinking about and using integer addition and subtraction include Bookkeeping, Counterbalance, Relativity, and Translation, and are generated from the students’ posed stories. We also provide profiles of conceptual model use for two …

Grade 5 Children’S Drawings For Integer Addition And Subtraction Open Number Sentences, Nicole Enzinger

Faculty Publications - College of Education

Three Grade 5 children participated in a microgenetic study embedded in 12-week teaching experiment on integer addition and subtraction. They solved open number sentences in four individual sessions across the 12-weeks and produced drawings. Through the lens of learner-generated drawings and qualitative analysis, these drawings provide perspective into the children’s thinking about integer addition and subtraction. The following categories are described: Single and Double Set of Objects, Number Sequences, Empty Number Lines, Number Lines, Number Sentences, Sign Emphasis, and Answer in Box Only. One student drew sets of objects frequently and the other students drew number lines more. Descriptions of …

Engaged Faculty, Student Success, And $1 Million In Savings, Robin M. Ashford, Gloria Doherty, Ryan Ingersoll

Faculty Publications - George Fox University Libraries

How did a small institution with limited seed funding get faculty buy-in with the OER and textbook affordability movement to the point of $1 million in student savings, two faculty-authored open textbooks (one written collaboratively with graduate students), and several open textbook reviews and adoptions, all within five semesters? OER momentum and awareness of textbook affordability issues is a growing concern in higher education. Learn how we structured an open textbook initiative to incentivize faculty and turn what began as an innovation grant into permanent sustainable funding for the Library Textbook Affordability Program.

Christ-Focused Service-Learning: Learning To Receive Ministry In Humility, Stephanie Matthew, Elizabeth Roark, Eloise Hockett

Faculty Publications - College of Nursing

Service-learning is an experiential process of action and reflection that allows students to expand their knowledge through real-world activities that benefit others. Service-learning opportunities for baccalaureate nursing students in Kenya have provided many ongoing examples of learning from our Kenyan collaborators. Receiving ministry from those we came to serve, allows allows us, in turn, to demonstrate Christ’s humility. In this article, we share specific stories of how various community partners ministered in unexpected ways to our teams of students and faculty, as we served in Kenya through healthcare and education.

The Angle Of Repose, Or Don’T Try To Change The World During Your Placement (Chapter In So You Have A Teaching Practicum?: A Preservice Guide From Those Who Survived), Ken Badley

Faculty Publications - College of Education

Excerpt: "Most teachers enter the profession for noble reasons. We may word it in various ways but our answers to the “Why teach?” question usually run along the lines of “making the world a better place,” “helping children,” or “wanting to see my students’ eyes shine.” Those of us who worked on this book share these reasons for entering the profession. We expect that one or more of the three phrases above may resonate with you. In short, most teachers ultimately teach for humanistic reasons; we want to do some good. However, once in their school placements, many pre-service teachers …

Randomize It: Fair Procedures When Constructing Multiple-Choice Test-Keys, Dane C. Joseph

Faculty Publications - College of Education

Multiple-choice testing is a staple within the U.S. higher education system. From classroom assessments to standardized entrance exams such as the GRE, GMAT, or LSAT, test developers utilize a variety of validated and heuristicdriven item-writing guidelines. One such guideline that has been given recent attention is to randomize the position of the correct answer throughout the entire answer key. Doing this theoretically limits the number of correct guesses that testtakers can make and thus reduces the amount of construct-irrelevant variance in test score interpretations. This study empirically tested the strategy to randomize the answer-key. Specifically, a factorial ANOVA was conducted …

There’S More (To Research Methods) Than Meets The Eye, Dane C. Joseph

Faculty Publications - College of Education

“Research shows that by doing this, you’ll look and feel more beautiful, improve your health and happiness, and live longer.” Such fallacious conclusions are becoming pervasive. As technology increases our capacity for connectivity and access to information – such as through social media – an abundance of false science claims has arisen. The messages target an unprecedented number of information consumers. Psychological research findings can play a positive role in human flourishing, and provide the knowledge, skills, and abilities to navigate our mental, social, and physical worlds. Unchecked and not vetted, the same results can have disastrous consequences. The purpose …

Preparing Teacher Candidates To Collaborate With Families And Communities: Standards, Research, And Practice, Karen S. Buchanan, Thomas D. Buchanan

Faculty Publications - College of Education

Preparing teacher candidates to engage with family and community in ways that align with the reality of today’s classroom is a critically important aspect of fostering student academic success and well-being. This paper examines how a set of professional preparation standards, the teacher preparation literature, and a qualitative inquiry into the practices and challenges of kindergarten teachers working with family and community converge to inform the work of teacher educators. Implications of these three sources of expert knowledge are instructive for teacher educator practice. Implications for the preparation of teacher candidates around family/community engagement include: the shaping of teacher candidate …

What Does It Take To Be A Fox? New Horizons For Communities Of Practice, Nicole M. Wessman-Enzinger, Joshua T. Hertel, Justin K. Dimmel

Faculty Publications - College of Education

In this theoretical research report we reflect on the challenges of becoming more fox-like in mathematics education work. Using a communities of practice motivating theoretical lens, we compare and discuss the differences in defining, creating, and accessing knowledge between virtual and scholarly communities of practice in mathematics education. We present four claims that virtual communities of practice in mathematics education are inherently foxy work. As part of our claims, we discuss how scholarly communities of practices are inherently hedgehog work. We conclude with a list of recommendations of those within the scholarly communities of practice in mathematics education. These recommendations …