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University Students' Subject Matter Knowledge And Misconception Of Teaching Games For Understanding And Its Implication To Teaching Practice, Julismah Jani, Phil Pearson, Greg Forrest, Paul Webb

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This study is to track the subject matter knowledge of and misconception about Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) of fourth year undergraduate pre-service teachers' physical education majors at an Australian university. The test of reliability on misconception scale are subjected to a Rasch analysis (KR-20 = .52) which consists of 20 dichotomous questions with true/false answers. Analyses of the data reveal that students achieve a credit on subject matter knowledge and attain four misconceptions about TGfU. There is a significant (p < 0.05) difference in the scores for subject matter knowledge and concepts of TGfU through paired samples t test. These results imply that subject matter knowledge does have an effect on students' concepts of TGfU but with very low relationship (r(53 = .19, p < 0.05). The implication of content knowledge to teaching is to resist the pre-concept or misconception of the subject matter. If pre-service teachers are to improve the quality of teaching and learning in content areas, he or she needs to possess a deep understanding of games both within and across categories in TGfU. Misconceptions tend to be very resistant to instruction because learning entails replacing or radically reorganizing student knowledge. This puts teachers in the very challenging position of needing to bring about significant conceptual change in student knowledge. Therefore pre-service teachers must know the subject matter they teach and their performance will be determined by the depth of their content knowledge in relation to teaching, making this an essential component to their teaching practice. Teachers must know the subject they teach and this is important to teacher competency.

Exposure Assessment Of Greenhouse Workers With Anti- Cholinesterase Pesticides By Biological Monitoring, Shahnaz Bakand, Y Dehghani, M R. Gohari, M Mosadegh, S Mirmohammadi

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background and Aims: Organophosphate compounds are the most popular insecticides with the widespread application in pest control. These toxic compounds interfere with the blood cholinesterase and inhibit the cholinestarse activity.Measurement of Cholinesterase activity is widely used for diagnosis of poisoning and adverse effects caused by pesticides. Green-house workers are one of the important occupational groups with the high risk of poisoning with organophosphate and karbamat pesticides .The purpose of this study was to assess the exposure of green-house workers with anti-cholinesterase toxic compounds by measuring the blood cholinesterase activity using electrometric method. Methods: This research is a descriptive cross sectional …

The Ethical Implications Of Intervening In Bodyweight, Stacy M. Carter, Ian Kerridge, Lucie Rychetnik, Lesley King

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This chapter is about the ethical implications of health sector actions intended to change individuals' or communities' weight. We consider these implications using two hypothetical cases. The first is Megan, a 15-year-old girl whose BMI is in the range defined as obese. She has been unable to lose weight and her parents are considering seeking clinical help. The second case is the population of the state where Megan lives, in which 35% of adults and 15% of children are reportedly overweight, and 17% of adults and 5% of children obese. The minister for health, prompted by these statistics, is determined …

Internet Trials: Participant Experiences And Perspectives, Erin Mathieu, Alexandra Barratt, Stacy M. Carter, Gro Jamtvedt

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background Use of the Internet to conduct randomised controlled trials is increasing, and provides potential to increase equity of access to medical research, increase the generalisability of trial results and decrease the costs involved in conducting large scale trials. Several studies have compared response rates, completeness of data, and reliability of surveys using the Internet and traditional methods, but very little is known about participants' attitudes towards Internet-based randomised trials or their experience of participating in an Internet-based trial. Objective To obtain insights into the experiences and perspectives of participants in an Internet-based randomised controlled trial, their attitudes to the …

How To Think About Health Promotion Ethics, Stacy M. Carter, Alan Cribb, John P. Allegrante

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Health promotion ethics is moral deliberation about health promotion and its practice. Although academics and practitioners have been writing about ethics, and especially values, in health promotion for decades, health promotion ethics is now regaining attention within the broader literature on public health ethics. Health promotion is difficult to define, and this has implications for health promotion ethics. Health promotion can be approached in two complementary ways: as a normative ideal, and as a practice. We consider the normative ideal of health promotion to be that aspect of public health practice that is particularly concerned with the equity of social …

The Astute Health Study Protocol: Deliberative Stakeholder Engagements To Inform Implementation Approaches To Healthcare Disinvestment, Amber M. Watt, Janet E. Hiller, Annette J. Braunack-Mayer, John R. Moss, Heather Buchan, Janet Wale, Dagmara E. Riitano, Katherine Hodgetts, Jackie M. Street, Adam Elshaug

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background

Governments and other payers are yet to determine optimal processes by which to review the safety, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of technologies and procedures that are in active use within health systems, and rescind funding (partially or fully) from those that display poor profiles against these parameters. To further progress a disinvestment agenda, a model is required to support payers in implementing disinvestment in a transparent manner that may withstand challenge from vested interests and concerned citizens. Combining approaches from health technology assessment and deliberative democratic theory, this project seeks to determine if and how wide stakeholder engagement can contribute …

Owning The Problem: Media Portrayals Of Overweight Dogs And The Shared Determinants Of The Health Of Human And Companion Animal Populations, Christopher J. Degeling, Melanie Rock

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Weight-related health problems have become a common topic in Western mass media. News coverage has also extended to overweight pets, particularly since 2003 when the US National Academy of Sciences announced that obesity was also afflicting co-habiting companion animals in record numbers. To characterize and track views in popular circulation on causes, consequences, and responsibilities vis-à-vis weight gain and obesity, in pets as well as in people, this study examines portrayals of overweight dogs that appeared from 2000 through 2009 in British, American, and Australian mass media. The ethnographic content analysis drew inspiration from the literature in population health, animal-human …

Testing Relationships: Ethical Arguments For Screening For Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Hba1c, Christopher J. Degeling, Melanie Rock, Wendy Rogers

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Since the 1990s, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) has been the gold standard for monitoring glycaemic control in people diagnosed as having either type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Discussions are underway about diagnosing diabetes mellitus on the basis of HbA1C titres and using HbA1C tests to screen for T2DM. These discussions have focused on the relative benefits for individual patients, with some attention directed towards reduced costs to healthcare systems and benefits to society. We argue that there are strong ethical reasons for adopting HbA1C-based diagnosis and T2DM screening that have not yet been articulated. The …

Ethical Practice In Learning Through Participation: Showcasing And Evaluating The Pace Ethical Practice Module, Michaela Baker, Alison Beale, Laura Ann Hammersley, Kate Lloyd, Anne-Louise Semple, Karolyn L. White

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In 2008, Macquarie University introduced the Participation and Community Engagement (PACE) initiative, which embeds units in the undergraduate curriculum that involve learning through participation, including service learning and work-integrated learning (WIL), that is mutually beneficial to the student, the University and the partner organisation. Ethical practice is thus an integral part of this initiative. However, the issue of ethical practice in these approaches to learning has not been comprehensively addressed (Peterson et al, 2007) with research ethics in undergraduate curricula also warranting further examination and integration (Crabtree, 2008; Tryon et al., 2008). To support both students and staff at Macquarie …

High Incidence Of Nasopharyngeal Cancer: Similarity For 60% Of Mitochondrial Dna Signatures Between The Bidayuhs Of Borneo And The Bai-Yue Of Southern China, Joseph Tien Seng Wee, Tam C. Ha, Susan Loong, Chao-Nan Qian

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Populations in Southern China (Bai-yue) and Borneo (Bidayuh) with high incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer(NPC) share similar mitochondrial DNA signatures, supporting the hypothesis that these two populations may share the same genetic predisposition for NPC, which may have first appeared in a common ancestral reference population before the sea levels rose after the last ice age.

A Country That Makes Things: Rethinking And Broadening Manufacturing, Christopher R. Gibson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The announcement in August 2011 that BlueScope Steel were about to close one of its Port Kembla blast furnaces and cease steel exports quickly spurred public debate in Australia, not just about steel but about the very future of manufacturing in Australia. Australian Workers' Union national secretary Paul Howes thus suggested: 'The question the Australian community needs to ask itself - is do we want to be a country that still makes things? Do we want to value-­‐‑add to our natural resources, or do we want to become just one big sandpit for China and a tourism resort for North …

Exploring Flow Occurrence In Elite Golf, Christian F. Swann, Richard J. Keegan, David Piggott, Lee Crust, Mark F. Smith

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Research on flow (Csikszentmihalyi, 1975) has traditionally focused on reactive, externally-paced sports (e.g., tennis) without exploring those that are self-paced and stopstart in nature. This study investigated the occurrence of flow in a sample of thirteen elite golfers by conducting semi-structured interviews discussing: (i) their experiences of flow, (ii) factors that influenced flow occurrence, and (iii) the controllability of these experiences. Results shared similarity with existing research in terms of the majority of influencing factors reported, including motivation, preparation, focus, psychological state, environmental and situational conditions, and arousal, and that flow was reported to be at least potentially controllable. Golf-specific …

Sports Sponsorship And Kids' Health: Who Are The Real Winners?, Rona Macniven, Bridget Kelly

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Over the weekend, Australian children and their parents witnessed some of the country's finest sportsmen display feats of strength, skill and endurance in the Australian Football League (AFL) and National Rugby League (NRL) grand finals. I'm sure many young people would have been inspired to emulate the actions and successes of their heroes.

What spectators and viewers would also have seen was the paradoxical promotion of Carlton breweries and McDonalds in commercial advertisements during the games. The websites of the NRL, AFL reveal a similar picture of sponsorship and marketing by unhealthy food and drink companies such as Coca-Cola and …

'It's Not About Money, It's About My Health': Determinants Of Participation And Adherence Among Women In An Hiv-Hsv2 Prevention Trial In Johannesburg, South Africa, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Sinead Delany-Moretlwe, Philippe Mayaud

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

High levels of adherence in clinical trials are essential for producing accurate intervention efficacy estimates. Adherence to clinical trial products and procedures is dependent on the motivations that drive participants. Data are presented to document reasons for trial participation and adherence to daily aciclovir for HSV-2 and HIV-1 genital shedding suppression among 300 HIV-1/HSV-2 seropositive women in South Africa. In-depth interviews after exit from the trial with 31 randomly selected women stratified by age and time since HIV diagnosis confirmed high levels of adherence measured during the trial. Main reasons for trial participation were related to seeking high-quality health care, …

'If I Buy The Kellogg's Then He Should [Buy] The Milk': Young Women's Perspectives On Relationship Dynamics, Gender Power And Hiv Risk In Johannesburg, South Africa, Audrey Pettifor, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Althea Anderson, Suzanne Maman

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Ideals of masculinity and femininity may limit South African women's decision making power in relationships and increase their risk of HIV infection. We conducted 30 in-depth interviews with 18-24-year-old women in inner-city Johannesburg with the aim of understanding young women's expectations of intimate relationships with men, their perceptions of gender and power and how this influences HIV risk. We found that the majority of young women reported expectations of power in relationships that conform to a model of femininity marked by financial independence, freedom to make decisions, including over sexuality, and equality (resistant femininity). The majority of young women, however, …

Critical Geographies With The State: The Problem Of Social Vulnerability And The Politics Of Engaged Research, Pauline M. Mcguirk, Phillip O'Neill

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

State interventions to govern social vulnerability highlight the complexity of contemporary states, marked by neoliberal agenda but also by progressive interventions and the desire for effectiveness. This paper draws on collaborative research with government agencies on social vulnerability in the Hunter region to assess the desirability of undertaking critical geographies with the state. We see states as contested terrains invested with the institutional capacity to mobilise diverse political projects. We argue that critical research in partnership with states is possible, as are mobilisations of the agency of state institutions to promote progressive policy development. The paper explores how we might …

Las Influencias Del Hogar, El Pre-Escolar Y La Escuela Primaria Sobre El Rendimiento Educativo A Los Once Anos Del Nino, Edward Melhuish, Pam Sammons, Kathy Sylva, Iram Siraj-Blatchford, Brenda Taggart

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This paper examines the benefits of Pre-school centre experience in disadvantaged children's school readiness, educational achievements and social adjustment. In this article, we describe findings from a large-scale longitudinal study in England that provides evidence on the contribution of home, pre-school and primary school to children's development, a unique evidence for a sample that is close to nationally representative rather than for disadvantaged groups only and thus provides stronger evidence relevant to the issue of the benefits that might accrue generally from universal preschool provision. Data from this study can be used to look at the relative benefits accruing from …

A Guide To Use Of Hazardous Chemical Substances, Shahnaz Bakand

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Persian language document - Guidelines for various areas of occupational health and the environment

A Critical Appraisal Of Responses To Maori Offending, Juan M. Tauri, Robert Webb

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This article critically analyses the role that criminological theory and specific policy formulations of culture play in New Zealand's state response to Māori crime. We begin by charting policy responses to the "Māori problem" during the 1980s to the 2000s, with a particular focus on policies and interventions based on theorising that Māori offending is attributable to loss of cultural identity, through to the current preference for risk factor and criminogenic needs approaches. The second part of the article critiques strategies employed by administrative criminologists who, in partnership with the policy sector, attempt to elevate their own epistemological constructions of …

Does Cannabis Cause Lasting Brain Damage?, Nadia Solowij, Murat Yucel, Valentina Lorenzetti, Dan Lubman

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Until recently, it was possible to state with some confi - dence that there was no evidence of cannabis-related brain damage in humans. There was some support from the animal literature, but few human studies had been conducted where the findings could not be explained by methodological or other confounding factors. Recent evidence for gross morphological, connectivity and microstructural changes has now emerged that warrants further consideration. If cannabis were found to alter the structural integrity of the brain, then this may assist us to understand the mechanisms by which cannabis triggers psychotic symptoms or overt psychosis in vulnerable individuals.

Changes In Physical Activity Levels, Lesson Context, And Teacher Interaction During Physical Education In Culturally And Linguistically Diverse Australian Schools, Dean A. Dudley, Anthony D. Okely, Philip Pearson, Wayne G. Cotton, Peter Caputi

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Recent data show that only 15% of Australian adolescents participate in adequate amounts of physical activity (PA) and those students from Asian and Middle-Eastern backgrounds in Grades 6-12 are significantly less active than their English-speaking background peers. Schools have recently been recognised as the most widely used and cost-effective setting for promoting PA among youth and one domain within schools where PA can occur regularly for all youth, regardless of cultural background or socio-economic status, is during physical education (PE). Methods: This study describes changes in physical activity (PA), lesson context and teacher interaction in physical education over the …

Assessing Alcohol Consumption In Older Adults: Looking For A Solution To Inform Evaluation Of Social Marketing Campaigns, Sandra C. Jones, Lance Barrie, Laura Robinson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Alcohol consumption in older people presents unique challenges due to changes in body composition, co-morbid conditions and associated mediations, as well as a reduction in metabolic capacity. As such, this generation has been identified as an at-risk group by the NHRMC (NHRMC, 2011). For the purpose of this paper "older" adults are individuals aged 65 years and over. The NHMRC produced guidelines for minimising the risks associated with alcohol consumption in 2001 (NHMRC, 2001). While the 2001 NHMRC guidelines did not provide specific recommendations regarding levels of consumption for older people the revised 2009 guidelines recommend, 'Older people are advised …

Supply Means Supply - What Does 'Supply' Mean? Consumer Responses To A Campaign Targeting Secondary Supply Of Alcohol To Teenagers, Sandra C. Jones, Laura Robinson, Heidi Gilchrist, Lance Barrie

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

A significant factor contributing to the problem of underage drinking is the 'secondary supply' of alcohol to minors. Secondary supply by parents for consumption in private settings is legal in most states of Australia including NSW. The NSW Police Force, in partnership with the Central Coast Health Promotion Unit, developed a community-based intervention to address the issue of secondary supply of alcohol to minors ('Supply Means Supply'). This paper reports on a series of focus groups to examine in more depth the drivers of attitudes towards secondary supply to minors, and to assess responses to the Supply Means Supply campaign …

The Case For And Against The Regulation Of Food Marketing Directed Towards Children, Bridget Kelly, Rohan Miller, Lesley King

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Authoritative and comprehensive reviews of studies on the nature and extent of food marketing to children indicate that children are exposed to high levels of food marketing and that the 'marketed diet' typically comprises energy-dense, micronutirent-poor foods. However, the implication of causality between marketing, product exposures and childhood obesity is not universally accepted. A vigorous discussion rages about appropriate policy responses to children's exposure to food marketing. The advocacy by many health and consumer groups for tighter government restrictions on food marketing is juxtaposed to the views held by many in the food and advertising industries. Pivotal in this debate …

Engaging Psychology Students In Clinical Placements In Dementia Care, Lyn Phillipson, Gerard J. Stoyles, Richard Fleming

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In the coming decades, as the population ages, meeting the needs of people with dementia will present considerable challenges to the health and social sector in Australia. Currently, health workforce shortages, preferences to work with other patient populations, and limited attractive career pathways have resulted in problems with the quality of care for people with dementia, which will only worsen unless health professionals can be engaged to work in the sector. Initial attempts by an education provider to create clinical placement opportunities for psychology students had generated little interest with students. In an attempt to understand barriers to participation and …

"Body Bags Ready": Print Media Coverage Of Avian Influenza In Australia, Sandra C. Jones, Louise Waters, Fiona Baikie, Don Iverson, Max Sutherland, Julian Gold, Chris Puplick

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In 2006 the avian influenza A (H5N1) virus received considerable media coverage in Australia, as it did in many other countries. It is often argued that the media sensationalizes health crises, and experts cautioned about the risk of panic as a result of fear of avian influenza. The purpose of the present study was to systematically analyze Australian print media coverage of avian influenza in 2006 and to examine whether this coverage served the purpose of informing, rather than alarming, the general public. For the period January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2006, 20 Australian newspaper titles were monitored for …

Peer Support In A Mental Health Service Context, Lindsay G. Oades, Frank P. Deane, Julie Anderson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This chapter will first summarise the range of definitions that have been provided for peer support, in a mental health context. Clarifications of the different aims of peer support initiatives aud the potential psychological processes that underpin them are then provided. Three key forms that peer support groups may take are then described and we track Sam as he experiences peer support in the context of job seeking. A summary of existing empirical evidence for peer support groups is provided before examining some of the necessary tensions that may exist between the alternative views of those coming from inside the …

Eeg From A Single-Channel Dry-Sensor Recording Device, Stuart J. Johnstone, R Blackman, Jason Bruggemann

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

While a laboratory setting and research-grade electroencephalogram (EEG) equipment allow control of variables and high-quality multiple-channel EEG recording, there are situations and populations for which this is not suitable. The present studies examined the validity of a new method of single-channel EEG measurement that is portable and uses dry-sensor technology. In study 1, EEG was recorded simultaneously from the portable device and 4 standard EEG electrodes from a research system, during eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) resting conditions, with 20 adult participants. Average correlations with the research system frequency spectra were highest at site F3 for portable device …

Does Training On Inhibitory Tasks Influence Alcohol Consumption And Attitudes?, Bronwyn Hegarty, Jacqueline A. Rushby, Stuart J. Johnstone, Peter Kelly, Janette Smith

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Response inhibition - the suppression of a prepotent or ongoing action - is an executive function central to the regulation of behaviour. Response inhibition can be assessed in the laboratory using the Go/No-go or Stop-Signal tasks which both assess the capacity to withhold an inappropriate response. In the Go/No-go task, participants are required to respond rapidly to Go stimuli but to withhold that response upon No-go stimuli. In the Stop-Signal task, participants are required to respond to Go stimuli but to withhold the response when an auditory stop signal occurs subsequent to the Go stimulus.

Canadian Directive With Regard To Sedentary Behavior In Young Infants (0-4 Years), Mark S. Tremblay, Allana G. Leblanc, Valerie Carson, Louise Choquette, Sarah Conor Gorber, Carrie Dillman, Mary Duggan, Mary J. Gordon, Audrey Hicks, Ian Janssen, Michelle E. Kho, Amy E. Latimer-Cheung, Claire Leblanc, Kelly Murumets, Anthony D. Okely, John Reilly, Jodie A. Stearns, Brian W. Timmons, John C. Spence

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology (CSEP), with assistance from multiple partners, stakeholders, and researchers, developed the first Canadian Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines for the Early Years (aged 0-4 years). These national guidelines are in response to a call from health and health care professionals, child care providers, and fitness practitioners for guidance on sedentary behaviour in the early years. The guideline development process followed the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research Evaluation (AGREE) II framework. The recommendations are informed by evidence from a systematic review that examined the relationships between sedentary behaviour (predominantly screen time) and health indicators (healthy body weight, …