Education Commons^™

Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin And Resting Testosterone Levels In Relation To Weight Status: Nhanes 2003-2004, J. Willett, E. Matthews, P. Hosick

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Effect Of Continuous Bfr Exercise On Tissues Oxygenation Characteristics In Incomplete Spinal Cord Injured Patients, J. Stavres, T. Singer, J. Mcdaniel

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Prediction Of Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness From Biomarkers In Persons With Spinal Cord Injury, A. Specht, C. Cirnigliaro, A. Lombard, M. Lafountaine, J. Hobson, S. Sauer, S. Kirshblum, C. Mckenna, A. Spungen, W. Bauman

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Performing Resistance Type Exercise In Various Body Positions Elicits Different Cardiovascular Responses, T. Sheehan, T. Mcconnell, J. Andreacci

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Fitness And Metabolic Syndrome Components Affect Serum-Induced Endothelial Migration And Micrornas In Postmenopausal African-American Women, R. Sapp, D. Shill, C. Dash, L. Adams-Campbell, J. Hagberg

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Central Chemosensitivity Is Augmented During Thermoneutral Head Out Water Immersion In Healthy Adults, J. Sackett, Z. Schlader, C. Chapman, B. Johnson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Manipulation Of Retrograde Shear In The Superficial Femoral Artery In Recreationally Active And Exercise-Trained Men, P. Pagan, A. Palamar, J. Deblois, W. Lefferts, K. Heffernan

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Effect Of Aerobic Exercise On Artery Stiffness And Cerebrovascular Pulsatility In Hypertensive And Non-Hypertensive Adults, W. Lefferts, J. Deblois, G. Mammolito, E. Dressel, C. Receno, K. Heffernan

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Muscular Strength Is Inversely Associated With Central Hemodynamic Load In Young Women, A. Keller, W. Lefferts, J. Augustine, J. Deblois, K. Heffernan

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Relationship Between Sedentary Behavior And Arterial Stiffness In Physically Active College Students, C. Jentsch, R. Snopkowski, B. Starkoff, E. Lenz

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Assessment Of Vascular Function Throughout The Menstrual Cycle, A. Hirt, E. Katulka, M. Wenner, M. Witman

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Examination Of Vascular Function Changes With Exercise In Overweight Men With And Without Sleep Apnea, M. Fakheri, E. Odagbodo, M. Ufua, C. Cromer, B. Meola, D. Dobrosielski

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Effects Of Germinated Chickpea Flour Incorporated In Pasta On Brachial Artery Flow Mediated Dilation, A. Enrique, J. Bruno, C. Feldman, A. Kerrihard, E. Matthews

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Relationship Between Arm Microvascular Reactivity And Brachial Artery Flow Mediated Dilation, R. Delgado, P. Hosick, E. Matthews

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Influence Of High-Intensity Exercise On Aortic Stiffness And Femoral Artery Shear Patterns, J. Deblois, W. Lefferts, K. Heffernan

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Pulse Wave Velocity In Youth With Visual Impairments, L. Bates, C. Jentsch, A. Brian, L. Lieberman, B. Starkoff

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Sex Differences In Aortic Stiffness, 24-Hour Aortic Blood Pressure, And Cardiac Deformation In Marathon Runners, J. Augustine, W. Lefferts, J. Deblois, T. Barreira, K. Liu, B. Taylor, K Heffernan

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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The Effects Of Fluid Milk In Attenuating Postprandial Hyperglycemia In Adults With Android Obesity, Jay A. Shah, Miriam Pearman, Hirofumi Tanaka

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

BACKGROUND: Postprandial glucose levels are more predictive of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than fasting levels and elevated postprandial glucose negatively impacts vascular reactivity and endothelial function. Chronic high consumption of milk and dairy products are associated with reduced risk of diabetes and CVD due, in part, to changes in peripheral vasodilation and hemodynamics. PUROSE: To determine whether a single serving of non-fat milk could attenuate postprandial hyperglycemia independent of its protein content. METHODS: In a randomized controlled crossover study, twenty-nine overweight/obese adults had their body composition determined via DEXA and completed an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of …

Effects Of Blood-Flow Restriction On Hemodynamic And Cardiorespiratory Responses To Aerobic Exercise Testing, Jordan H. Stovall, Stacy D. Hunter, John L. Walker

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Blood-flow restriction (BFR) training has grown increasingly popular in the world of resistance training with noted benefits for muscle health in healthy individuals as well as a potential alternate training mode for populations who cannot tolerate high-intensity exercise. Although BFR resistance training is well-studied, its effects on hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory responses to aerobic exercise are not clearly established. PURPOSE: to evaluate hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory responses to aerobic exercise with and without BFR during submaximal treadmill exercise testing. METHODS: Ten healthy, physically active college students participated in two testing sessions, separated by ~7 days, completing a modified Balke treadmill …

Functional Hyperemia Is Attenuated In Type 1 Diabetic Rats Following Static Hindlimb Contraction, Charles Kikutaro Crawford, Ann-Katrin Grotle, Yu Huo, Kai Ybarbo, Audrey J. Stone

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Functional hyperemia is a responsive, localized increase in blood flow following muscular contraction, which results from the accumulation of metabolites in the contracted region. Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is associated with reduced vascular function and an abnormal cardiovascular response to exercise; it is not known, however, if the reactive increase in blood flow succeeding exercise is also impaired in T1DM. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of T1DM on functional hyperemia following static muscle contraction. METHODS: We injected (i.p.) 50mg/kg of Streptozotocin (STZ) or the vehicle (CTL) in male and female Sprague Dawley …

Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-6 Is Upregulated In Early Stage Type 1 Diabetic Rats, Yu Huo, Michelle Harrison, Audrey Stone

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease characterized by systemic inflammation. T1DM patients are at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and chronic inflammation, and this is reflected by increased levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. However, the time point at which these pro-inflammatory cytokines become elevated is not known. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the early stage of T1DM. METHODS: We injected (i.p) 50mg/kg of Streptozotocin (STZ) or the vehicle (CTL) into male and female Sprague Dawley rats …

Creating A Type I Diabetic Rat With Streptozotocin, Kai Ybarbo, Ann-Katrin Grotle, Audrey J. Stone

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

ABSTRACT

The American Heart Association (AHA) recognizes diabetes as a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by absolute insulin deficiency due to the destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. A common model for studying T1D is the streptozotocin (STZ) induced rat. STZ targets and destroys beta cells of the pancreas and therefore causes the rats to develop T1D. PURPOSE: The purpose of this project was to describe the procedure for inducing T1D in a in vivo rat model, to study the cardiovascular responses to exercise. METHODS: Male and female Sprague Dawley rats were …

Body Weight Support On Anti-Gravity Treadmill Induces Less Physiological Strain While Running, Ryan A. Gordon, Chris Irvine, Michael Oldham, Matthew Brisebois, Kyle D. Biggerstaff

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The anti-gravity treadmill developed by AlterG® can be used as an alternative to traditional treadmill running. The AlterG® unloads an individual’s body weight through lower body positive pressure (LBPP) and can support up to 80% of an individual’s body weight. The cardiorespiratory response resulting from a bout of exercise on an AlterG® treadmill may be attenuated compared to similar exercise on a traditional treadmill. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the physiological responses of running at 0%, 15%, 30%, and 45% of body weight support (BWS) on the AlterG® to a traditional treadmill. METHODS: Ten …

Insulin Sensitivity Effects On Peripheral Vascular Responses To Fmd In Metabolic Syndrome Women., Ariel Gomez, Klaudia Szych, Annajita A. Rubio, Shannon Jackson, Matthew A. Barlow

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Sedentary populations with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) have presented with impaired vascular dysfunction, including vasodilation reduced 40-50%. The mechanisms of vascular endothelial dysfunction has also been associated to the bioavailability of nitric oxide levels and in metabolic compromised individuals the diminished content of endothelial NO are a prime mechanistic target for study. PURPOSE: We hypothesize that decreased reactive hyperemia observed in MetSyn compared to age matched-control patients are primarily due to mechanistic dysfunction of the eNOS pathway and lower Insulin Sensitivity Index (ISI). METHODS: 30 participants (10 MetSyn and 20 Controls) completed brachial FMD testing and vascular …

Acute High Dietary Phosphate Consumption Impairs Macrovascular, But Not Microvascular Function In Young, Healthy Men, Brandi Y. Stephens, Jasdeep Kaur, Jennifer R. Vranish, Thales C. Barbosa, Auburn L. Johnson, Jeanette Blankenship, Paul J. Fadel

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Chronic consumption of inorganic phosphate (P_i) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in the general population. Importantly, with the growing abundance of processed foods, dietary intake of P_i in the United States has doubled the daily-recommended amount. However, the influence of acute consumption of high P_i on the cardiovascular system is not clearly understood, with equivocal results reported. Shuto et al. demonstrated that acute consumption of high P_i results in an impairment of endothelial function in healthy subjects, whereas a recent study by Levac et al. has refuted this finding. Moreover, these …

Augmented Mechanoreflex In Type 2 Diabetic Rats: Piezo Channels, An Important Part Of The Puzzle?, Ann-Katrin Grotle, Yu Huo, Audrey J. Stone

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Type 2 diabetics (T2DM) have an abnormal cardiovascular response to exercise. The exercise pressor reflex, which is evoked by metabolic and mechanical stimuli arising from the contracting muscle, is a critical cardiovascular regulatory mechanism during exercise and is exaggerated in hypertension, heart failure, and peripheral artery disease. A recent study found that T2DM patients have an augmented metaboreflex. However, whether the mechanoreflex is also augmented in T2DM is not known. PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to test whether the mechanoreflex is exaggerated in T2DM. Furthermore, we tested the contribution of mechano-gated Piezo 1 and 2 channels to …

Racial Differences In Vascular Function In Response To Mental Stress, Bryon Matthew Curtis, John Akins, Jordan C. Patik, Guillermo Olvera, Aida Nasirian, Jeremiah Campbell, R Matthew Brothers

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

African Americans (AA) have a higher prevalence of hypertension and other cardiovascular (CV) complications compared to other populations. While the reasons for this elevated CV disease risk are multifactorial, vascular dysfunction is a key contributing factor. It has been previously shown that mental stress, induced by mental arithmetic, results in a significant increase in forearm blood flow (FBF). This response has been predominantly attributed to the release and vasodilatory effect of Nitric Oxide (NO). In this regard, a previous study has reported that AA have an attenuated increase in FBF as compared to Caucasians (CA) in response to mental stress, …

Dual Wavelength Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy: A Novel Tool For Identifying Determinants Of Oxygen Consumption, Ryan Rosenberry, Chandan-Ganesh Bangalore-Yogananda, Susie Chung, Madison Munson, Wesley J. Tucker, Ye Zhu, Mark J. Haykowsky, Fenghua Tian, Michael Nelson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Near-infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is a novel method for measuring microvascular skeletal muscle blood flow. Our lab recently found excellent agreement between single wavelength DCS and Doppler ultrasound of the brachial artery during rhythmic handgrip exercise. PURPOSE: Here, we report new data utilizing a dual wavelength DCS system (785nm and 852nm), which extends our prior work by combining novel microvascular perfusion assessment with real-time quantification of tissue oxygenation. METHODS: We enrolled eight individuals (male/female: 3/5, mean: age 48±22 (range: 22-76 years), height 170±8cm, and weight 75±12kg). Subjects were instrumented with the DCS probe placed over the belly of …

Stress Testing For Diastolic Dysfunction: An Old Approach To A New Question, T. Jake Samuel, Rhys Beaudry, Mark J. Haykowsky, Satyam Sarma, Michael D. Nelson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

BACKGROUND: Currently, conventional cycle echocardiography is the recommended method for diagnosing diastolic dysfunction in patients with unexplained dyspnea upon exertion. However, this method has several underlying limitations including movement and respiratory artifact. These limitations are often exaggerated in patients who are obese and suffer from exertional dyspnea, and therefore limit its application in clinical diagnosis. Our group recently demonstrated that isometric handgrip echocardiography is a powerful sub-clinical diastolic discriminator that avoids the limitations of conventional cycle echocardiography and that can be easily implemented in the clinic. PURPOSE: However, to date it remains unclear how these two methodologies compare, and thus …

Evidence Of Racial Differences In Microvascular Function Among College-Aged Women, Jordan C. Patik, Bryon M. Curtis, John D. Akins, Aida Nasirian, Guillermo Olvera, R Matthew Brothers

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Microvascular dysfunction contributes to the development of hypertension and insulin resistance. The black population is at an elevated risk of both conditions relative to other racial groups. Previous studies indicate that college-aged black men, compared to their white counterparts, have impaired microvascular function as assessed by post-occlusion reactive hyperemia (RH). It is unknown whether this racial disparity is present in healthy, young adult black (BW) and white women (WW). Furthermore, whether nitric oxide-mediated cutaneous microvascular hyperemia during local heating (LH) is different in these populations has not been determined. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis …