Education Commons^™

Role Play, Mainus Sultan

Action-Learning Manuals for Adult Literacy

A manual which introduces creative strategies for the use of role play to stimulate discussion, analysis and writing activities that are based on the daily lives of literacy learners. The information is based on the author’s experience working with literacy groups in Bangladesh and in the U.S.

The purpose of this manual is to help practitioners use role play as a tool for creating learner-generated activities in a literacy class, or in a facilitator training program. This manual provides a framework to help you understand the concept of role play and how it can be part of an adult literacy …

Assessment, Sumon Tuladhar

Action-Learning Manuals for Adult Literacy

This manual outlines how to assess the progress of literacy learners in whole language literacy. Literacy teachers in Massachusetts developed many of the ideas and assessment tools in the manual, which have been adapted to encourage experimentation and use by literacy programs in developing countries.

Action Learning Manuals teach practitioners the theories and methods of community-based literacy education. The manuals are based on the assumption that literacy programs are most effective when local practitioners work closely with learners to create their own materials and curriculum. The Action Learning Manuals present basic concepts and guidelines to help practitioners analyze their own …

Literacy & Learning In Families And Communities, Joan Dixon, Joanie Cohen

Action-Learning Manuals for Adult Literacy

This manual introduces practitioners to basic concepts and strategies for action research in their communities to identify local themes and develop culturally relevant literacy programs.

This Manual is designed for practitioners working in community-based organizations. The specific focus is literacy, but it is relevant for anyone involved in nonformal education, women and development, family and community health, early childhood education, community development, or other community and family-centered projects. It can also be adapted for programs that want to improve communication and understanding between families and organizations such as schools, health clinics or other service institutions.

The purpose of the manual …

Whole Language: An Integrated Approach To Reading And Writing, Joan Dixon, Sumon Tuladhar

Action-Learning Manuals for Adult Literacy

A manual which introduces the basic concepts for teaching reading and writing skills by creating literacy activities and learning materials in collaboration with learners. Portions of the manual were developed and tested with practitioners in Indonesia and Nepal.

The series offers the practitioner a wide variety of activities to choose from to meet the diverse needs of community literacy groups. The manuals are designed to complement each other, but can also be used independently. Two of the manuals, Whole Language: An Integrated Approach to Reading and Writing, and Literacy and Learning in Families and Communities, provide the core concepts for …

The Potential For Critical Social Inquiry Through Environmental Education In The Philippines, Ken Byrne

Master's Capstone Projects

The rate and extent of deforestation in the Philippines is phenomenal. It has been estimated that in 1934, 17 million hectares of the Philippines' 30 million hectares were covered in forest (Asian Development Bank, pp. 13-14.) This figure had dropped to 10.5 million by 1969, and by 1993 it stood at 5.7 million. If one looks at old growth forests, where there is the greatest diversity of animal, plant, and insect life, then the figures are even more stark: In 1934, there were 11 million hectares of old growth forest; in 1969, 4.7 million; and by 1993, the figure had …

1991 Regional Conference Of The Comparative And International Education Society, Center For International Education

Conference Proceedings & Collected Papers

The 1991 Northeast Regional Conference of the Comparative and International Education Society was hosted by the Center for International Education, University of Massachusetts at Amherst on November 15, 1991. The theme of the conference, "the Challenges of International Education in the 1990s: Effectiveness and Excellence," was deliberately made broad in order to encompass a wide range of problems and issues relevant to educators involved in the development of education world-wide.

More than sixty people attended the conference, and participants represented the rich institutional diversity in the northeast region of the US. Participants came from the Bunting Institute (Radcliffe Research Study …

Ngos In Indonesia, Mansour Fakih

Occasional Paper Series on Non-Governmental Organizations

This paper traces the role of NGOs in development, modernization and capitalism in Indonesia. It offers a typology of alternative NGO structures and paradigms which allows NGOs to transform development, involve people and create a counter-hegemonic movement.

The past two decades have witnessed a tremendous increase in the number of NGOs operating in the Third World. In 1981 Development Cooperation Review estimated that as many as 8,000 well-established NGOs were engaged in relief and development work worldwide. These organizations were providing US 3.6 billion in annual support to development programs, two thirds of which came from private sources. This constitutes …

Ngos In Latin America, Eloy Anello

Occasional Paper Series on Non-Governmental Organizations

Since the 1950’s, NGOs have featured prominently in education, development and social change movements in Latin America since the 1950’s. This paper provides concrete examples of the roles NGOs have played in research and development. An analysis of NGO characteristics and a functional typology based on their delivery of services, research focus and grassroots action is provided.

The NGO phenomenon is an emerging reality of great significance to Latin American development processes. Donor agencies, governments and NGOs themselves are expressing the need to better understand this social phenomenon, which bears promise in its potential capacity to respond to critical development …

Ngos In The Sahel, Jonathan Otto

Occasional Paper Series on Non-Governmental Organizations

This paper explores NGOs working in natural resources management in the Sahel. By combining historical perspectives and cultural analysis, the paper provides an overview of the issues and actions taken over the past 40 years. Special attention is given to national and international NGOs, grassroots organizations, donors and the governments involved.

The Objective of this paper is to situate the NGO movement of the West African Sahel within the context of the evolving regional situation, with particular reference to the paramount concerns for managing natural resources. What is the impetus for the emergence of NGOs and rural organizations, how do …

Letter Dice, Jock Gunter, James Hoxeng, Amparo Borja

Technical Notes

Summary: The player tosses eleven wooden dice, each face of which contains a letter. The letters showing are arranged and rearranged to assemble words. The aim is to develop fluency with the spelling of words, and to increase active and passive vocabulary.

Number Bingo, Jock Gunter, Patrico Barriga, James Hoxeng

Technical Notes

Summary: Addition and multiplication bingo promote fluency with number symbols and arithmetic operations. The leader calls out a problem, the learners seek the answer on their boards, placing a bean on the square containing the answer. The player first completing a row wins. Beginners concentrate on associating what they see with what they hear. Others learn new operations. Advanced students work for speed in computation.

Math Fluency Games, Jock Gunter

Technical Notes

Summary: Math Fluency games are simple inexpensive devices designed to offer practice in the component skills necessary for performing arithmetic operations. In this note a variety of fluency techniques are discussed.

Tabacundo: Battery-Powered Dialogue, James Hoxeng, Alberto Ochoa, Valerie Ickis

Technical Notes

Summary: The purpose of this technical note is to describe and analyze the impact of cassette tape recorders as a feedback and programming technique in a rural radio school program. It describes their introduction into the Radio Mensaje Program in Tabacundo, Ecuador, and examines effects of their utilization.

Letter Fluency Games, Jock Gunter

Technical Notes

Summary: Letter Fluency games are simple, inexpensive devices designed to offer practice in the component skills necessary for literacy. In this note a variety of fluency techniques are discussed.

Education And National Development, Thomas L. Bernard, George E. Urch, Alex Mackertich, Thomas H. Thomas, James Mangan, John Osgood, Frank Andrews Stone, William L. Thuemmel, Benjamin D. Stickney, Richard O. Ulin, Kuan-Yu Chen, Kevin Fleming, John Neumann, Harry R. White

Conference Proceedings & Collected Papers

The New England Regional Meeting of the Comparative and International Education Society was held on the campus of Springfield College on April 29, 1977. The Conference was co-sponsored by the Division of Community Education, Springfield College, and the Center for International Education, University of Massachusetts.

The theme of the conference was "Education and National Development." The papers delivered ranged in topics from a global perspective to the use of ethnic and multicultural education to assist in national development. Case studies of specific cultural areas highlight the conference. The papers provided a format for discussing and recording the experiences and research …

Analysis Of Learning Needs For Rural Development: Some Basic Issues, David Evans

Center for International Education Faculty Publications

One of the major problems being faced by developing countries throughout the world is concerned with the eradication of poverty, disease and backwardness from their rural areas. The task of transforming and modernizing rural societies is no doubt very difficult and complex, but at the same time a very urgent one, and should be given high priority in the overall plans and programmes of national development. This is because a much larger percentage of population in developing countries lives in rural areas compared to that in the developed countries. In some developing countries, especially in Africa and Asia, the rural …

Analysis Of Learning Needs For Rural Development: Some Basic Issues, David R. Evans Dr.

David R. Evans

One of the major problems being faced by developing countries throughout the world is concerned with the eradication of poverty, disease and backwardness from their rural areas. The task of transforming and modernizing rural societies is no doubt very difficult and complex, but at the same time a very urgent one, and should be given high priority in the overall plans and programmes of national development. This is because a much larger percentage of population in developing countries lives in rural areas compared to that in the developed countries. In some developing countries, especially in Africa and Asia, the rural …

Non-Formal Education In A World Context, George E. Urch, David R. Evans, William A. Smith, Roshan R. Billimoria, David W. Mcdowell, David Rosen, Walter B. Johnson, Frank A. Stone, Mounir R. Saahad, Thomas L. Bernard, Falih Al-Shaikhly

Conference Proceedings & Collected Papers

During the past decade the role of non-formal education throughout the world has become an important topic. Educators realize that the formal system cannot solve the diversified and complex problems which face a society today. As a consequence a closer look is now being taken at educational activities outside the established system--especially those non-formal processes which have a relationship to socio-economic development.

While many societies have a long tradition of non-formal education, little attempt has been made to utilize this base to provide individuals with a flexible and diversified range of useful learning opportunities. Recently, however, the innate potential of …

Hacienda, James Hoxeng

Technical Notes

Summary: Hacienda is the first simulation/game produced for use on the Ecuador project. It attempts to replicate certain important aspects of rural life in the sierra region of Ecuador. This note not only describes the game and its operation, but attempts to trace the impact the game has on those rural people who have played it.

An Evaluation Of Non-Formal Education In Ecuador, Donald A. Swanson

Non-Formal Education

A logical place to begin this study was to list objectives from the original contract. The University of Massachusetts/USAID contract for this Project had some explicit objectives and contractual agreements are briefly outlined here so that we have a common background for discussing merits of this project. They are:

1. Create and field test a range of non-formal educational techniques using local institutions to implement and support these techniques in field situation.
2. Develop a number of non-formal educational methodologies which are feasible for use by existing Ecuadorean institutions.
3. Implement selected methodologies with institutions, including the Ministry of Education, with on-going evaluation …

Ashton-Warner Literacy Method, Jock Gunter, James Hoxeng, Enrique Tasiguano

Technical Notes

Summary: Developed by Sylvia Ashton-Warner for teaching Maori children in New Zealand, this literacy method allows the learner to approach written culture on his own terms. Rather than using a text, learners are taught words important to their lives, and encouraged to write sentences and stories which are shared with the other learners.

The Ecuador Project, David R. Evans, James Hoxeng

Technical Notes

Summary: The background of the project and the basic philosophy are outlined. Criteria used in generating non-formal educational matierlas are discussed and the three classes of materials currently in use are described. Approaches to the distribution and use of the materials by a network of complimentary organizations are analyzed.

Market Rummy, Patricia Burke, Jock Gunter, William A. Smith

Technical Notes

Summary: Product cards contain pictures, unit prices, and number of units of a market commodity. Money cards represent bills and coins. Players attempt to combinations of money cards with combinations of product cards to develop skill with market mathematics, and with the concept of unit prices.

Concientizacaõ And Simulation Games, William A. Smith

Technical Notes

Summary: This note briefly reviews certain aspects of the philosophy of Paulo Freire and relates them to the instructional methodology of simulation/gaming. The author attempts to show how simulation/games can be used to support many of Freire's concepts by promoting a student-educator relationship based upon mutuality, by placing emphasis on complex social reality as the legitimate content of education, and by increasing the student's opportunity to participate actively in the learning process.

The Impact Of A Diversified Educational Program On Career Goals: Tororo Girls' School In The Context Of Girls' Education In Uganda, David R. Evans, Gordon L. Schimmel

Gender and Development

The research reported in this study was undertaken as part of an ongoing relatioship between the Government of Uganda, USAID, and the University of Massachusetts. The study was occasioned by a desire on the part of all the parties to better understand the impact of Tororo Girls' School and the implications of its diversified program in the context of Girls' education in Uganda. While too soon for evaluation of a school which had been in operation only five years, there was nevertheless considerable interest in looking at the contribution of the school to the education of girls in Uganda. There …