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Birth Spacing Effect On Children's Attainments: Indentification Using Instrument Variables, Jing Xie
Birth Spacing Effect On Children's Attainments: Indentification Using Instrument Variables, Jing Xie
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
In this study, I address the relationship between an often overlooked dimension of family structure--the spacing between children's births--and the degree of children's attainments such as Mathematics, Reading Cognition and Reading Comprehension. Comparing to the results of OLS estimation, 2SLS Estimation using Twin and Catholic as Instrument Variables shows less significant effects on children's attainments. Hausman Test shows that OLS estimators are not consistent with 2SLS estimators, which means there is endogenous problem in OLS estimation. As the result in 2SLS shows the different spacing effects in different spacing groups, it is possible to use nonlinear estimation (quadratic form of …