Education Commons^™

Ec89-724 Irrigation Scheduling Using Tensiometers In Sandy Soils, William L. Kranz, Thomas Dorn, Dean E. Eisenhauer

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Monitoring soil moisture is fundamental to determining how much irrigation water should be applied and when the soil is able to store the amount of water to be applied. Establishing when and how much water should be applied is often referred to as irrigation scheduling.

This extension circular discusses soil moisture terms; what is a tensiometer, its installation and use; and worksheet.

G89-953 Soybean Chlorosis Management, Edwin J. Penas, Richard A. Wiese

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Four management ideas that make it possible to grow soybeans on alkaline soils are covered here.

Chlorosis (yellowing) in soybeans can be a problem wherever soybeans are grown on alkaline soils in Nebraska. Serious chlorosis is likely to occur when the pH of these alkaline soils is 7.5 or higher. Soybean chlorosis problems occur in the Platte and Elkhorn River Valleys and, to a lesser extent, in the Republican and Loup River Valleys, and on high lime soils in central and western Nebraska. Not all high pH soils cause chlorosis of soybeans even though they are alkaline.

Soil tests of …

G89-924 Fertilizing Proso Millet (Revised December 2002), Jurg M. Blumenthal, David D. Baltensperger

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Soil testing and fertilization of proso millet with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients is discussed. Management practices that provide an adequate, but not excessive, supply of plant nutrients are essential for top yields of proso millet in the High Plains.

G89-935 Planning For Healthy Eating (Revised November 1994), Darlene Martin, Harriet Kohn, Charlotte Kern

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Dietary recommendations and tips for healthy eating are included to help reduce the risk of certain diseases.

What is healthy eating? It's eating the types and amounts of foods that promote the best possible health for you within the limits of your environmental and genetic makeup. Healthy eating can help you maintain a desirable weight. It helps reduce the risk of heart disease, some types of cancer, and obesity.

As we do more scientific studies on healthy eating, the recommendations may be refined. It pays to be alert to new, well-documented information about what constitutes healthy eating.

The National Research …

G89-917 How Much Vitamin A Are You Eating?, Harriet Kohn

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide contains information to help you estimate the Vitamin A level of one day's food intake or menu. The content relates to people of all ages.

Vitamin A Helps:

Keep the lining of your mouth, nose, throat and digestive tract healthy

Fight germs

Keep your skin smooth

Young people grow

G89-916 How Much Sodium Are You Eating?, Harriet Kohn

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide contains information to help you estimate the sodium level of one day's food intake or menu. The content relates to people of all ages.

Sodium:

Helps maintain water balance

Is in fluid around body cells

Too much sodium eaten over a long period of time may lead to high blood pressure in perhaps 20 percent of Americans

Limiting sodium intake to the lower part of the range (below) may help prevent high blood pressure in those prone to it

G89-947 Buying Meat By The Serving, Dennis E. Burson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Buying meat by the serving rather than by the pound can save you money. Determining cost per serving is covered here.

Smart shoppers use cost per serving rather than price per pound in making meat selection decisions. Price per pound can be misleading because all cuts will not yield the same number of servings per pound.

Although some boneless cuts may cost more on a per pound basis, they may be more economical due to less waste. The amount of bone and waste fat determines the number of servings of cooked meat a cut will yield. Cost of the edible …

G89-944 Home Freezing Of Cooked And Prepared Foods, Katharine P. Riddle, Anne Mae Brenner

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Preparing food ahead of time and freezing it can save time, energy and money. Frozen cooked foods also add variety to your menu, offer quick meals for unexpected company and provide nutritious choices for busy days.

When you are preparing a main dish, it takes only a little more effort and time to make enough for several meals. You can freeze all of the prepared food in meal size packages, or serve part of the food immediately and freeze the rest.

It is more economical to make your own supply of prepared dishes than to purchase commercially prepared foods.

G89-923 Windbreak Maintenance And Renovation, Jon Wilson, Mike Kuhns

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

What are you doing to maintain your windbreak? Is renovation necessary? This NebGuide can help you decide.

Windbreaks are integral parts of many Nebraska farming and ranching operations. They protect man, animals, crops and buildings from cold winter winds, hot summer winds, and deep snows. Windbreaks prevent wind erosion and provide wildlife habitat.

All windbreaks, even well-designed ones, need regular maintenance. Some windbreaks, especially those that are older or neglected, may need more drastic treatment or renovation.

G89-949 Safety During Snow Removal, Robert Grisso, Rollin Schnieder

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Safe tips for snow removal using snow shovels, snowblowers and powered blades or sweepers are covered in this NebGuide.

As the temperature drops and the grounds maintenance equipment is stored for the winter, position the snow removal equipment for quick access, and start thinking about snow removal safety.

About half the accidents involving snow removal equipment happen to first-time users or those using the equipment for the first time each winter.

Snow removal equipment falls in one of three groups: 1) the snow shovel, 2) the snow thrower or blower, and 3) the powered blade or sweeper.

G89-941 Financial Planning Form: Income Statement, Kathleen Prochaska-Cue

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide provides step-by-step directions for completing the included income statement.

What Is an Income Statement?

An income statement shows income and expenses over a period of time, usually a year. Like a motion picture, it also can show the movement of income expenses between net worth statements.

This income statement includes five categories of income (salaries, wages, bonuses; investment income; gifts; borrowed money; and other income), and three categories of expenses (taxes; fixed obligations and financing expense; and living expenses). A space to calculate net income (the amount left after all expenses) concludes this form.

G89-940 Financial Planning Form: Net Worth Statement, Kathleen Prochaska-Cue

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide gives step-by-step instructions for filling out the included net worth statement, sometimes called a balance sheet.

A net worth statement, or balance sheet, is like a snapshot that shows a financial situation at a certain point in time. In simple terms, the net worth sheet shows how much money would be left if everything owned was converted into cash and used to pay off all debts.

The net worth statement includes what is owned (assets) on the left side of the sheet, what is owed to creditors (liabilities) on the right side of the sheet, and the net …

G89-934 Financial Counseling: What, Who, When, And Where, Kathleen Prochaska-Cue

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide explains what financial counseling is, who needs it and why, when it is needed, where to find a qualified financial counselor, and more.

What Is Financial Counseling?

Financial counselors help people learn to manage their own financial resources. As a process, financial counseling involves at least two people--the person who counsels, and the person or persons being counseled.

Financial counseling usually extends over a period of time, since most true change does not take place immediately. Ultimately all decisions are left to the person being counseled.

Financial planning involves setting financial goals and objectives, developing an action plan, …

G89-902 Intensive Gardening Techniques, Betty Besal

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes techniques which will allow the gardener to grow more vegetables where space may be limited.

For some people, a small-sized garden is preferable to a larger one. Smaller gardens require less labor and expense than larger gardens. Decreasing garden size provides more yard space for other activities. The gardener can concentrate soil improvement efforts in a smaller area, and, with careful management, small gardens can produce sufficient vegetables for fresh eating during the growing season, and perhaps extra produce for preserving.

G89-897 Strawberries, Don Steinegger, Donald E. Janssen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Plants, selecting and preparing a site, planting and care of strawberries are covered in this NebGuide.

Strawberries are a popular, dependable fruit for home production. Management of this crop is easier than that of tree fruits.

G89-936 Russian Wheat Aphid, Gary L. Hein, Frederick P. Baxendale, John B. Campbell, Arthur F. Hagen, James A. Kalisch

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The Russian wheat aphid is a serious insect threat to small grains. Its description, damage and control are discussed here.

The Russian wheat aphid (RWA) is a serious insect threat to wheat and other small grains. Growers should examine small grain fields regularly for this pest throughout the fall. In the spring, weekly examinations are needed from the time wheat resumes growth through the late heading stages.

Farmers are encouraged to collect samples of unknown aphids on small grains and have them identified by the Cooperative Extension Service. Proper identification of the aphid is critical in determining the need for …

Ec89-1551 Nebraska Management Guide For Control Of Arthropod Pests Of Poultry And Pets: Featuring: Poultry, Dogs, Cats, Rabbits, Birds, Guinea Pigs And Gerbils, John B. Campbell

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This Extension Circular covers the precautions; insecticide formulations, application methods, recommendations for insects pests and poultry, and control recommendations for insect pests of pets. This covers poultry, dogs, cats, rabbits, birds, guinea pigs and gerbils.

G89-954 A Guide For Managing Poultry Insects (Revised April 1996), John B. Campbell

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Major insect pests of Nebraska's poultry population are identified and treatment recommendations are given.

For many years poultry production in Nebraska has consisted primarily of large operations of layer hens. In recent years, however, broiler production has increased in southeast Nebraska. There are also some large turkey production units. Extreme competitiveness in the poultry industry has resulted in narrow cost-profit margins. Poultry operations cannot allow ectoparasitic and nuisance insects to interfere with production, nor can they afford high pest control expenses. For production to be profitable, poultry production must be managed to reduce the incidence of insect pests.

Poultry are …

G89-950 Horse Insect Control Guide, John B. Campbell

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Insects that bother horses, and ways to treat them, are covered here.

People keep horses in Nebraska for a number of different reasons. Some are for 4-H projects and urban users (recreational), ranch and farm (work), breeding farms, and racing.

Some of the insect pests of horses are also pests of other livestock species. Other insects are specific to horses, but may be pests only on farm and ranch horses.

The best methods of pest control vary depending upon the type of horse production.

G89-932 Minimum Center Pivot Design Capacities In Nebraska, William L. Kranz, Derrel L. Martin, Greg Lackas

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Factors to consider in choosing an appropriate center pivot design are covered here. Irrigators investing in a center pivot irrigation system need to consider this important question: How much supplemental water is required by the crop? Irrigation system capacity needed to meet crop requirements is defined in units of gallons per minute (GPM) or gallons per minute per acre (GPM/AC). If the system capacity is too low, crop stress occurs during some portion of the growing season. If the capacity is too high, surface runoff may result, or capital investment for the pumping plant and center pivot may be greater …

G89-937 The Pesticide Label, Larry D. Schulze, Shripat T. Kamble

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes the parts of a pesticide label to aid understanding and promote safe and effective use of pesticide products.

Pesticide information can be provided to end users through labels and labeling. Not all pesticide products have labeling. While the words are similar, they have distinctly different meanings.

G89-900 Phytophthora Root Rot Of Alfalfa, John E. Watkins, Fred A. Gray, Bruce Anderson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Disease cycle, symptoms and management practices for phytophthora root rot are discussed in this NebGuide.

Phytophthora root rot (PRR) is a major cause of seedling death in newly established alfalfa, and causes a progressive decline of established stands in Nebraska. This disease is caused by the fungus Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. medicaginis and occurs in most of the alfalfa producing areas in North America.

The Phytophthora that infects alfalfa is different from the Phytophthora that causes root rot in soybeans. Growers sometimes think the two diseases are the same for the respective crops, but they are two different diseases with …

G89-931 Alfalfa Anthracnose, John E. Watkins, Bruce Anderson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Symptoms, disease cycle and control of alfalfa anthracnose are discussed here.

Forage crops are grown on and harvested from more acres in Nebraska than any other crop. Of the almost 49 million acres of agricultural land in Nebraska, approximately 24 million acres are in hay. Alfalfa production has stabilized at about two million acres.

High feed and forage production costs and periodic droughts have generated increased concern by farmers and ranchers over forage losses from diseases, insects and environmental stresses. Estimates suggest about one-fourth of the U.S. alfalfa hay crop and one-tenth of the seed crop are lost annually to …

G89-912 Alfalfa Crown And Root Rots And Stand Longevity, John E. Watkins, Fred A. Gray, Bruce Anderson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Causes of crown and upper root rot, symptoms and management are discussed here.

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the most important forage crop species in North America. It is widely adapted, energy efficient, and produces the most protein yield per acre. Alfalfa is well-suited to both dryland and irrigationd soils of Nebraska.

Many factors contribute to the decline in productivity of an alfalfa stand. Under favorable growing conditions and proper management, alfalfa stands in Nebraska can last over 10 years.

G89-906 Barley Yellow Dwarf Disease Of Barley, Oats, And Wheat, John E. Watkins, Leslie C. Lane

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The symptoms of barley yellow dwarf are covered here, as are disease occurrence and spread, and control.

Barley yellow dwarf (BYD) is distributed worldwide. It is the most economically important disease of barley and oats in North America. Barley yellow dwarf, wheat streak mosaic (WSM) and soil-borne wheat mosaic (SBWM), are three virus diseases that caused serious cereal grain yield losses in Nebraska during the last decade.

Since the mid-1980s barley yellow dwarf has become increasingly widespread in Nebraska, and now is a serious concern to oat and wheat producers. Outbreaks occasionally reach epidemic proportions as occurred in wheat in …

G89-919 Quality Laboratory Samples Necessary For Accurate Disease Diagnosis, Duane Rice, Douglas G. Rogers

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the importance of submitting proper specimens to the veterinary diagnostic laboratory as an aid in diagnosing infectious diseases, feed imbalance, or animal poisoning.

To comprehend the reasons for failures in disease diagnosis at veterinary diagnostic laboratories, it is important to understand what disease is, what causes disease, how the animal resists disease (becomes immune), and what happens to the animal if disease develops and the animal does not become immune.

According to Stedmans Dictionary, disease is an interruption, cessation or disorder of body functions, systems or organs. Some diseases may be obvious to the untrained eye, …

Ec89-265 Ammonia Treatment Of Low Quality Forages, Richard J. Rasby, Ivan G. Rush, John Ward, Terry Klopfenstein

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Increased costs of production have caused livestock producers to reduce feed costs whenever possible. Low quality crop residues, because of their availability, receive attention and offer considerable potential for reducing feed costs for cattle producers; however, because they are low in digestibility, intake by livestock is reduced. Treatment of low quality crop residues with anhydrous ammonia improves digestibility or total digestible nutrients (TDN) and increases consumption of these forages. The positive effects of ammonia treatment on digestibility and intake of low quality forages make them a viable possibility in feeding programs.

G89-915 Testing Livestock Feeds For Beef Cattle, Dairy Cattle, Sheep And Horses, Rick Grant, Bruce Anderson, Richard J. Rasby, Terry L. Mader

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide provides tips on how to determine feeds you should analyze and nutrients to measure. It tells how to interpret the results of feed analysis.

Why Test Feeds?

Nutrient concentration can vary considerably in feeds, especially forages. Protein in alfalfa hay can range from 10 to 25 percent or more of the dry matter; grass hay will contain between four and 18 percent protein.

Use feed tests to target specific feeds to different livestock. Feed high quality forage to the most productive livestock or when nutrient needs are highest. Feed lower quality forage to animals with lower nutrient needs. …

G89-942 Can You Afford To Use Bovine Somatrophin (Bovine Growth Hormone)?, Jeffrey F. Keown

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Factors to consider before using Bovine Somatrophin in your dairy herd are covered here.

Much has been written recently about the effect of administering Bovine Somatrophin (BST) to dairy animals. The expected increase in income that could be generated by the use of BST catches producers' attention.

Before any producer uses BST, however, there are a few questions that should be addressed. The most crucial is, "Can BST administration be cash flowed in my dairy operation?"

The answer to this question is dependent on three crucial areas--your current herd average, herd management situation, and the costs involved in the application …

G89-952 Estrus (Heat) Detection Guidelines, Jeffrey F. Keown, Duane N. Rice

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Ways to spot cows in heat are covered in this NebGuide.

Several factors are essential in maintaining a herd's reproductive health. Among the most important are: (1) maintaining accurate records, (2) knowing the visual signs of estrus (heat), (3) using proper heat detection aids, and (4) maintaining a herd health program.

By taking the four basic steps listed above, the expected calving interval for dairy animals will be close to the recommended 12 to 13 months. Beef producers need to strive for a 12-month calving interval to maintain a profitable enterprise.

This 12- to 13-month calving interval returns the most …