J Mich Dent Assoc January 2021

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Every month, The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association brings news, information, and features about Michigan dentistry to our state's oral health community and the MDA's 6,200+ members. No publication reaches more Michigan dentists!

In this issue, the reader will find the following original content:

• A cover story on “The Dentist’s Role in Recognizing Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children”.
• A feature article, “Dental Sleep Medicine Education: Do You Want a Nap or a Full Night’s Sleep?”.
• The feature article, “In-office Plans: Where Are We Now? What Have We Learned?”
• News you need, Editorial and regular department articles on MDA Foundation activities, …

Starbucks: Social Responsibility And Tax Avoidance, Katherine Campbell, Duane Helleloid

Management Faculty Publications

This instructional case is designed to explore how accounting choices, and specifically tax minimization practices, should consider a company's overall strategy and positioning within multiple stakeholder groups. Starbucks had been successful in growing its stores and presence in the United Kingdom (UK), and described the profitable growth to investors as something it wanted to build on in other international markets. However, in its 15 years of operations in the UK, the company had paid UK corporate income taxes only once. Using a combination of legal tax avoidance practices (e.g., transfer prices, royalty payments, interest expense), Starbucks UK had effectively shifted …

The Economics Of The Political Parties: A Comparison Of Economic Performance Under Conservatives And Liberals, Austin Fischer

Honors Program Projects

A topic that has long been a subject of debate is which party in America’s two-party political system has better economic policies. Democrats tout strong economic records, boasting of their tried and true Keynesian principles. Republicans point to the accomplishments of recent presidents in combating recessions with supply-side ideals. This project attempts to look at the actual performance of the economy under Republican and Democratic presidents since 1950, and come to an unbiased conclusion on whose policies really do work better.

This project looks at GDP growth, inflation, unemployment, disposable income, and budget deficits to determine which party’s policies help …

Tax Season, Minnesota State University, Mankato

Democracy/Government

Bibliography and photographs of a display of government documents from Minnesota State University, Mankato.

California – Land Of “Lawless Taxation” And The “Midnight Special”: Outlier Or Leader In A Growing Trend?, Mystica M. Alexander

The University of New Hampshire Law Review

[Excerpt] “Taxpayers in California recently found themselves the target of a retroactive grab for revenue by the Franchise Tax Board (FTB) in what has called an act of “lawless taxation” by the state of California. The source of the conflict was the Qualified Small Business Stock credit that had been in place in California since 1993. The tax credit, which was designed to encourage innovation and investment in California-based enterprises, allowed business owners who had at least eighty percent of their assets and employees in California to take a credit of fifty percent of the capital gain realized on a …

Effects Of Ad-Valorem Taxes On Location Decision Under Free Entry Cournot Oligopoly, Yeung-Nan Shieh

Yeung-Nan Shieh

This paper examines the impact of the ad-valorem commodity tax as a policy device on the location decision of undifferentiated oligopolistic firms with free entry. It shows that: (1) When the distance between the plant location and the output market is held constant, the optimum location for the oligopolistic firm would be independent of the ad-valorem tax if the production function is homothetic, and (2) when the distance between the plant location and the output market is a decision variable, the optimum location for the oligopolistic firm will move closer to the output market if the demand function is linear …

Effects Of Ad-Valorem Taxes On Location Decision Under Free Entry Cournot Oligopoly, Yeung-Nan Shieh

Faculty Publications

This paper examines the impact of the ad-valorem commodity tax as a policy device on the location decision of undifferentiated oligopolistic firms with free entry. It shows that: (1) When the distance between the plant location and the output market is held constant, the optimum location for the oligopolistic firm would be independent of the ad-valorem tax if the production function is homothetic, and (2) when the distance between the plant location and the output market is a decision variable, the optimum location for the oligopolistic firm will move closer to the output market if the demand function is linear …

The Distributional Effects Of Recent Changes To Maine’S Tax System, Joel Johnson

Maine Policy Review

Both classical economic theory and recent empirical research support the notion that taxes should be progressive: that the wealthiest citizens should pay a larger share of their income in taxes than the middle class, and the middle class should pay a larger share of their income in taxes than the poor. Like every other state in the U.S., Maine’s state and local tax system is not progressive, or even proportional with respect to income, but regressive. This article summarizes recent changes to income, sales, and property taxes that have made Maine’s state and local tax system more regressive.

Sub S Valuation: To Tax Effect, Or Not To Tax Effect, Is Not Really The Question, Glen M. Vogel

Glen M Vogel

There were approximately 4 million Subchapter S corporations in 2008, with around 7 million shareholders. Because these companies are not publicly traded, their valuation in estate tax matters, divorces, shareholder disputes and other cases can present difficult issues for courts. In particular, the impact on the valuation of these companies of their “pass-through” tax status has been controversial since 1999, with different courts adopting different solutions. This article explains the nature of the issue, and presents a financial model for understanding the differential impact of taxes on the values of S and C corporations. The paper analyzes key court decisions …

Simple Pigovian Taxes Vs. Emission Fees To Control Negative Externalities: A Pedagogical Note, Robert S. Main

Robert S. Main

Many economics texts introduce their analysis of negative externalities by examining a tax on the output of polluting firms, sometimes called a "simple Pigovian tax," often pointing out that taxing pollution directly is superior to taxing output and proceeding to discuss an emission tee as an alternative. They do not show how and why an emission fee is more efficient than an output tax. This note presents a numerical example allowing comparison of the welfare effects of the two approaches, as well as showing why simply reducing the pollution intensity of polluters' output would be inferior to an emission fee.

The Stable American Mind: Understanding Attitudes Towards Government And Taxes, 1990-2011, Christopher P. Eldred

CMC Senior Theses

As the federal government seeks ways to stimulate our economy and reduce our national debt, understanding public attitudes on the role and size of government and the taxes that support it is important. This thesis evaluates how US public opinion towards government and taxes has changed from 1990 to the present, and analyzes several potential causes for changes that have occurred. It is intended to be an update of William G. Mayer’s 1992 book entitled The Changing American Mind, which analyzed changing public opinion from 1960-1988. In following his analysis, the causes I have analyzed are generational replacement, fiscal …

The Ethics Of Tax Evasion: A Quantitative Study Of French Bba Students, Dylan Kissane, Yuriy Barabantsev

Dylan Kissane

The subject of ethical action in business has taken on special significance in recent years. With the business world rocked by ethical lapses and associated scandals at Enron, WorldCom and Tyco in the early part of the decade and then, in a time of global financial crisis, stunned again by multi-billion dollar frauds such as that at Société Générale, there is a new push to study the ethical and unethical behaviour of business people and future business people. While business schools have long been lauded for their preparation of students for the rigours of the world of business, finance and …

Simple Pigovian Taxes Vs. Emission Fees To Control Negative Externalities: A Pedagogical Note, Robert S. Main

Scholarship and Professional Work - Business

Many economics texts introduce their analysis of negative externalities by examining a tax on the output of polluting firms, sometimes called a "simple Pigovian tax," often pointing out that taxing pollution directly is superior to taxing output and proceeding to discuss an emission tee as an alternative. They do not show how and why an emission fee is more efficient than an output tax. This note presents a numerical example allowing comparison of the welfare effects of the two approaches, as well as showing why simply reducing the pollution intensity of polluters' output would be inferior to an emission fee.

Ua37/29 Gary Ransdell - Fed. Reserve Board - Ben Bernanke, Joint Economic Committee, St. Louis Federal Reserve Board

Faculty/Staff Personal Papers

Question and answers from Ben Bernanke's appearance before the Joint Economic Committee as distributed to members of the St. Louis Federal Reserve Board.

State Constitutional Limits On New Hampshire‘S Taxing Power: Historical Development And Modern State, Marcus Hurn

Law Faculty Scholarship

The New Hampshire Constitution is, in most of its fundamental parts, very old. It is long (nearly 200 articles) and wordy, even by the standards of the eighteenth century. It expresses essential principles in more than one place, in more than one way, and in language that to modem eyes is more suited to political philosophy than to positive law. Most of it was copied from the original Massachusetts Constitution, itself based on a draft by John Adams. However, there is no other state in the union with a structure of taxing powers and limits comparable to New Hampshire's.

Tax, Vijaya Krushna Varma Mr

VIJAYA KRUSHNA VARMA Mr

All Direct and Indirect taxes accompanied by tax laws, accounting, auditing and tax returns, can be abolished if a new tax system called “TOP Tax system” is adopted and implemented by all nations. Ultimate economic reforms will relieve 7 billion people of the world from the cobweb of ambiguous and complex tax structures, plethora of tax laws, mandatory and cumbersome accounting, auditing, tax returns and consequent quagmire of all tax related cases. http://taxationreforms.com

The Lt. Governor Encourages Lawyers To Take Advantage Of State Resources To Aid Ohio's Economic Development, Lee Fisher

Law Faculty Articles and Essays

For the last several months, my colleagues and I at the Ohio Department of Development have been focused on the formation of a statewide economic development strategy that will establish our priorities and guide our future decisions. Ultimately this strategy will serve as an economic development plan for Ohio that will be led primarily by the Ohio Department of Development, along with the Governor's office and other state agencies and departments. With full implementation, our strategic plan will not only guide Ohio's long-term investments, but will also help guide our daily decisions.

Financing Port Dredging Costs: Taxes Versus User Fees, Wayne K. Talley

Economics Faculty Publications

The article examines the use of user fee and tax programs to finance the cost of port dredging. The article discusses the U.S. Water Resources Development Act, the Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund, the Harbor Maintenance Tax, which is an ad valorem tax on the cargo's value, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act, articles from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, national user fee program proposals by the former U.S. President Bill Clinton administration, Moriarity's Rule, and the Shapley Value Rule.

The State Of The Region: Hampton Roads 2002, James V. Koch, Vinod Agarwal, John R. Broderick, Rev. Dr. James Cobb, Chris Colburn, Ellie Costulis, Steve Daniel, Tatiana Isakovski, Sharon Lomax, Trish Manthey, Deborah Miller, Gilbert Yochum, Grace Wu

Economics Faculty Books

This is Old Dominion University's third annual "State of the Region" report.While it represents the work of many individuals connected in various ways to the university, the report does not constitute an official viewpoint of the University, or it's president, Dr. Roseann Runte.

Our "State of the Region" reports maintain the modest goal of making Hampton Roads an even better place to live. We are proud of our region's many successes, but realize that it is possible to improve the region's performance. Yet, in order to improve our performance, we must have accurate information about "where we are" and a …

Fedtax-L, Raleigh Muns

Raleigh Muns

The Tax Treatment Of Fringe Benefits, Stephen A. Woodbury, Wei-Jang Huang

Upjohn Press

Woodbury and Huang use econometric models to investigate how changes in the tax treatment of fringe benefits can be expected to influence the level of benefits and compensation provided by employers, federal revenues, and income inequality.

Do Tax Abatements "Impair" The Financing Of Local Public Education, Wayne R. Wendling

Upjohn Press

Looks at whether tax abatements have hurt public schools' ability to finance local education.

Probate Another Farm Cost, J Ripley

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Death duties are too big a cost to be ignored on most farms, because most farms have substantial assets in land, stock, buildings and machinery. The saying "a wise man does not lay up treasures, the more he gives to others the more he keeps for his own" seems true of the types of estate planning outlined in the following article.