Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Performance Management Commons

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Entrepreneurial and Small Business Operations

Institution
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type

Articles 1 - 30 of 33

Full-Text Articles in Performance Management

Board Gender Diversity, Ceo Turnover, And Firm Performance In Entrepreneurial Firms, Matthew Imes, Mark West, Jessica West, Shan Yan Apr 2024

Board Gender Diversity, Ceo Turnover, And Firm Performance In Entrepreneurial Firms, Matthew Imes, Mark West, Jessica West, Shan Yan

The Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance

This article examines recent literature on corporate boards and the interplay between director gender and CEO turnover and how it affects firm performance after CEO turnover. The primary focus is board gender diversity and CEO job embeddedness in entrepreneurial firms. This article discusses gender diversity and the frequency of CEO turnover. This paper finds that board gender diversity is associated with lower CEO involuntary turnovers and better overall performance in entrepreneurial firms. The article highlights how board gender diversity, especially in small firms, provides a unique pathway to create firm value and examines recent evidence on how gender diverse board …


Staff Matters: How To Address Derogatory Comments Among Staff Members, Jodi Schafer Sphr, Shrm-Scp Mar 2024

Staff Matters: How To Address Derogatory Comments Among Staff Members, Jodi Schafer Sphr, Shrm-Scp

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Addressing derogatory comments among staff members requires a systematic approach. Document the incident, meet individually with each employee, and assess their reactions. Responses may vary from denial to remorse. Tailor disciplinary action based on their accountability and alignment with office values. Consider potential legal ramifications and seek HR or legal guidance if needed. Regardless, swift action is essential to maintain a respectful workplace environment.


Staff Matters: Do I Really Need An Employee Handbook?, Jodi Schafer Sphr, Shrm-Scp Feb 2024

Staff Matters: Do I Really Need An Employee Handbook?, Jodi Schafer Sphr, Shrm-Scp

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

This article underscores the importance of having an employee handbook for even small practices. It emphasizes the handbook as a crucial tool for communicating expectations, providing a defense against employment claims, and ensuring legal compliance. The author advises on essential policies related to legal requirements, "At-Will" status, conduct, compensation, benefits, communication, attendance, and discipline. The article stresses the significance of well-crafted policies to avoid confusion and legal liabilities, recommending professional review before implementation.


A Recipe For Success. How To Build Cohesive Virtual Teams In A Post-Pandemic World, Barbara Thiss Dec 2023

A Recipe For Success. How To Build Cohesive Virtual Teams In A Post-Pandemic World, Barbara Thiss

Transform

For leaders, finding a recipe for success in building a cohesive virtual team in a post-pandemic world may be a struggle. With the outbreak of COVID-19, many organizations have seen growth in their virtual presence. Virtual teams bring greater diversity and the challenge of operating in remote locations rather than face-to-face settings. Finding practices leaders can use to build cohesiveness in their virtual teams can help them adapt to this changing environment. The purpose of this study was for Fortune 500 leaders of virtual teams to identify practices they used to build cohesiveness in their team. Building cohesiveness is important …


New Dentists’ Most-Asked Legal Questions, Dan Schulte Jd Dec 2023

New Dentists’ Most-Asked Legal Questions, Dan Schulte Jd

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

This feature addresses new dentists' most frequently asked legal questions, offering concise answers to guide them. Topics include licensing requirements, dental record maintenance, accommodations for hearing-impaired and non-English proficient patients, the enforceability of covenants not to compete, the necessity of written employment agreements, responding to bad dental work, reporting suspected abuse, prescribing drugs to friends and family, contract terms with dental plans, and handling suspected employee theft. The article emphasizes the importance of understanding legal aspects to navigate a dental career successfully.


Staff Matters: More Tips For Hiring And Developing A Great Staff, Jodi Schafer Sphr, Shrm-Scp Jun 2022

Staff Matters: More Tips For Hiring And Developing A Great Staff, Jodi Schafer Sphr, Shrm-Scp

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Addressing the challenge of hiring staff in the current job market, this Staff Matters column provides insights for dental practices. With a focus on creating an attractive work culture, the article suggests developing partnerships with educational institutions and emphasizes the importance of continuous learning opportunities. The author encourages practices to define key skills, establish clear expectations, and implement training processes for effective communication, conflict resolution, and teamwork. Emphasizing the role of ongoing coaching and mentoring, the column outlines the necessity of investing in training and development to build a skilled and cohesive dental team.


Staff Matters: Resolving Conflict Between Employees, Jodi Schafer Sphr, Shrm-Scp Feb 2022

Staff Matters: Resolving Conflict Between Employees, Jodi Schafer Sphr, Shrm-Scp

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

This Staff Matters column addresses workplace conflict arising from an employee's abrasive communication style, affecting collaboration and patient interactions. Acknowledging conflict as normal, the advice emphasizes addressing it promptly. Steps include talking to those involved, identifying themes causing conflict, and meeting with individual employees to discuss concerns, impact, and potential solutions. Considering external stress factors, the focus is on open, respectful, and confidential resolution. Building a strong practice culture is highlighted for enhanced employee and patient satisfaction.


Staff Matters: Evaluating Performance During Covid-19 And Staffing Shortages, Jodi Schafer Sphr, Shrm-Scp Jan 2022

Staff Matters: Evaluating Performance During Covid-19 And Staffing Shortages, Jodi Schafer Sphr, Shrm-Scp

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Amidst COVID-19 and staffing shortages, evaluating employee performance requires a nuanced approach. Recognizing the impact of pandemic stress, leaders must balance feedback with understanding. Acknowledge the challenges, celebrate achievements, and discuss growth areas collaboratively. Adjust expectations, focusing on essential issues and fostering a positive, forward-facing environment. Tailor evaluations to individual contributions, addressing concerns constructively. Prioritize one-on-one conversations to convey appreciation and align goals, ensuring a supportive workplace.


J Mich Dent Assoc October 2021 Oct 2021

J Mich Dent Assoc October 2021

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Every month, The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association brings news, information, and features about Michigan dentistry to our state's oral health community and the MDA's 6,200+ members. No publication reaches more Michigan dentists!

In this issue, the reader will find the following original content:

  • A cover story, “Welcoming Colleagues from Different Practice Models”.
  • A feature article from the Journal’s DEI series, “Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion: Perspectives from an LGBTQ Dentist”.
  • A feature article, “Congratulations, 2021 MDA Life Members!”.
  • News you need, Editorial and regular department articles on MDA Foundation activities, Dentistry and the Law, Staff Matters, and component news. …


J Mich Dent Assoc July 2021 Jul 2021

J Mich Dent Assoc July 2021

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Every month, The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association brings news, information, and features about Michigan dentistry to our state's oral health community and the MDA's 6,200+ members. No publication reaches more Michigan dentists!

In this issue, the reader will find the following original content:

  • A cover story on “Measuring Outcomes to Improve the Quality of Clinical Care”.
  • A feature article, “Is Your Office Winning or Losing the Race? You Won’t Know Without Measurement”.
  • The feature article, “The DQA and Quality Measurement in Dental Programs and Plans”.
  • News you need, Editorial and regular department articles on MDA Foundation activities, Dentistry …


تأثير فيروس كورونا على إدارة رأس المال البشري في الشركات الناشئة في مصر, Shahjahan Bhuiyan, Fayrouz El Dabbagh, Mariam Walid, Shorouk Fouda Jan 2021

تأثير فيروس كورونا على إدارة رأس المال البشري في الشركات الناشئة في مصر, Shahjahan Bhuiyan, Fayrouz El Dabbagh, Mariam Walid, Shorouk Fouda

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

إن الشركات الناشئة شركات تتسم بالهشاشة على المستوى المؤسسي وتتعامل مع درجات عالية من المخاطر وعدم اليقين، وخاصة أثناء الصدمات قصيرة الأجل مثل فيروس كورونا (كوفيد- 19)، ويسعى موجز السياسات هنا إلى تحديد التطور المطلوب في النظام البيئي الداعم للشركات الناشئة في ظل جائحة فيروس كورونا (كوفيد- 19)، مع التركيز بشكل خاص على إدارة رأس المال البشري والعمل اللائق ومرونة سوق العمل في الشركات الناشئة في مصر. والسؤال الأساسي الذي يطرحه الموجز هو: كيف أثرت جائحة فيروس كورونا (كوفيد- 19) على ممارسات إدارة رأس المال البشري في الشركات الناشئة المصرية وما هو المطلوب لي تتعافى الشركات الناشئة في مصر من …


Startups And Human Capital Management In Egypt: In Search Of Decent Jobs, Maryham Abdel Malak, Ibrahem El Sayed Hassan, Fayrouz El Dabbagh, Laila M. El Baradei Jan 2021

Startups And Human Capital Management In Egypt: In Search Of Decent Jobs, Maryham Abdel Malak, Ibrahem El Sayed Hassan, Fayrouz El Dabbagh, Laila M. El Baradei

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

While startups are considered an important potential contributor to Egypt’s economic growth, they encounter myriad challenges that hinder their ability to reach their potential, sustain their market presence, and their capacity to provide decent job opportunities. Challenges include the difficulty of locating and sustaining funding, the complicated legal and regulatory framework that governs them, the conservative social norms and culture, and the lack of data and information regarding market dynamics and existing opportunities. The research findings revealed that many startups face challenges with their Human Capital Management (HCM), in the planning, acquisition, development, or sanction functions. This policy paper examines …


الشركات الناشئة وإدارة رأس المال البشري في مصر: رحلة البحث عن وظائف لائقة, Maryham Madgy Abdelmalak, Fayrouz El Dabbagh, Ibrahem El Sayed Hassan, Laila M. El Baradei Jan 2021

الشركات الناشئة وإدارة رأس المال البشري في مصر: رحلة البحث عن وظائف لائقة, Maryham Madgy Abdelmalak, Fayrouz El Dabbagh, Ibrahem El Sayed Hassan, Laila M. El Baradei

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

تُعد الشركات الناشئة أحد العناصر التي من الممكن أن تساهم في النمو الاقتصادي في مصر، إلا أنها تواجه تحديات عديدة تعرقل قدرتها على تحقيق إمكاناتها، واستدامتها في السوق، وقدرتها على توفير فرص عمل لائقة. وتشمل التحديات: صعوبة تحديد مصدر التمويل، واستدامته وتعقد الإطار القانوني والتنظيمي الذي ينظمها, بالإضافة إلى المعايير الاجتماعية، والثقافة المحافظة، ونقص البيانات والمعلومات المتعلقة بديناميات السوق والفرص المتاحة. وقد أوضحت نتائج البحث أن العديد من الشركات الناشئة تواجه تحديات في إدارة رأس المال البشري لديها فيما يتعلق بمهام التخطيط ،أو اجتذاب الموارد البشرية أو التطوير ،أو الجزاءات. وتتناول هذه الورقة النظام البيئي الحالي للشركات الناشئة في مصر …


The Benefits Of Evidence Based Practices In Public Administration: Does Therapeutic Listening Training Increase Emotional Intelligence To Affect Change Management Outcomes In Public And Private Sector Organizations, John Sillup Jan 2021

The Benefits Of Evidence Based Practices In Public Administration: Does Therapeutic Listening Training Increase Emotional Intelligence To Affect Change Management Outcomes In Public And Private Sector Organizations, John Sillup

West Chester University Doctoral Projects

Abstract

This doctoral dissertation considers change management as it relates directly to evidence-based practices in public administration. The problem under study was the lack of scholarly research on the effect of an administrative leader’s emotional intelligence (EI) has on follower self-efficacy during change management. This study provided findings on the effect of therapeutic listening training as a means to increase emotional intelligence to potentially affect change management outcomes in public and private sector organizations. Change management is a systematic and structured process of developing and implementing strategies and interventions for organizations transitioning from current state to a desired state. The …


J Mich Dent Assoc October 2020 Oct 2020

J Mich Dent Assoc October 2020

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Every month, The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association brings news, information, and features about Michigan dentistry to our state's oral health community and the MDA's 6,200+ members. No publication reaches more Michigan dentists!

In this issue, the reader will find the following original content:

  • A cover story, “Michigan’s New Hypertension Screening Guidelines: What Do They Mean for You?”
  • Three feature articles: “The Mask Ask: Understanding and Addressing Mask Resistance”, “An Election-Year Message from Your MDA Dental PAC”, and “How to Respond to Online Reviews Without Violating HIPAA”.
  • News you need, Editorial and regular department articles on MDA Foundation activities, …


Mindfulness: A Promising Practice To Reduce Accountant Stress, Abigail Anderson Aug 2020

Mindfulness: A Promising Practice To Reduce Accountant Stress, Abigail Anderson

Marriott Student Review

This article considers the practice of mindfulness as an approach to reduce stress within the lives of accountants. Mindfulness has existed for centuries as a Buddhist tradition and has only recently become popular in the Western world as a stress-reduction technique that can lead to improved mental and emotional well-being. This article also examines the prevalence of mindfulness within the Top 10 accounting firms in the United States and some results regarding employee performance. As more and more firms begin to utilize mindfulness as a low-cost method to better employee performance and well-being, university accounting programs should consider incorporating the …


J Mich Dent Assoc August 2020 Aug 2020

J Mich Dent Assoc August 2020

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Every month, The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association brings news, information, and features about Michigan dentistry to our state's oral health community and the MDA's 6,200+ members. No publication reaches more Michigan dentists!

In this issue, the reader will find the following original content:

  • A cover story on "Antibiotic Guidelines for Dentistry: Who, When, What, Why, and How to Prescribe”.
  • A feature, “Collaboration Is the Wave of the Future: Hospital-Based General Practice Residency”.
  • “Taking Advantage of Secondary and Tertiary Evidence”, a feature in the JMDA’s series on evidence-based dentistry.
  • “Statistics Tutorial Part III: Interpretation of Forest Plots from Meta …


Strategic, Tactical And Operational Decisions In Family Businesses: A Qualitative Case Study, Ravindra Hewa Kuruppuge, Ales Gregar Jun 2020

Strategic, Tactical And Operational Decisions In Family Businesses: A Qualitative Case Study, Ravindra Hewa Kuruppuge, Ales Gregar

The Qualitative Report

Previous studies of family businesses have no common agreement on what should be the most effective and efficient approach for making decisions at different managerial levels to solve business issues. Accordingly, the main objective of this study was to understand the nature of decision-making by family members who are involved in a business in different capacities such as owners, owner managers, and managers. Locating the research in the interpretivist paradigm, and utilizing qualitative case study methods (Yin, 1994), we interviewed 24 respondents from 12 well-known family firms from different districts in Sri Lanka. Thematic analysis indicated that the consultative approach …


Family Ownership And Corporate Environmental Responsibility: The Contingent Effect Of Venture Capital And Institutional Environment, Zhu Zhu, Feifei Lu Jun 2020

Family Ownership And Corporate Environmental Responsibility: The Contingent Effect Of Venture Capital And Institutional Environment, Zhu Zhu, Feifei Lu

Department of Management Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

As scholars and policy makers pay more attention to the environmental impact of economic activities, more focus has been placed on the corporate environmental responsibility (CER) of family firms, which accounts for the majority of businesses in both developed and developing countries. Using a sample of 4714 private enterprises across 23 provinces in China, the current study examines the effect of family ownership on CER investment, as well as the moderating effects of venture capital investment and local institutional development. Results show that concentrated family ownership leads to lower CER spending, however, when venture capital investment comes from developed markets, …


J Mich Dent Assoc May 2020 May 2020

J Mich Dent Assoc May 2020

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Every month,The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association brings news, information, and features about Michigan dentistry to our state's oral health community and the MDA's 6,200+ members. No publication reaches more Michigan dentists!

In this issue, the reader will find the following original content:

  • A cover story on Michigan Dentistry in the COVID-19 Pandemic
  • A message from the MDA President
  • “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2: What Dental Professionals Need to Know” a feature on protecting the health of your patients and your dental team.
  • “Keep the Lights On: Protecting the Health of Your Practice During the Economic Downturn” a …


J Mich Dent Assoc January 2020 Jan 2020

J Mich Dent Assoc January 2020

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Every month, The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association brings news, information, and features about Michigan dentistry to our state's oral health community and the MDA's 6,200+ members. No publication reaches more Michigan dentists!

In this issue, the reader will find the following original content:

  • A cover story on "Preventing Pediatric Obesity: How the Dental Team Can Help”.
  • “We Can Make a Difference in a Child’s Life”, a feature with a special message to MDA members from Suzanne Port, DDS, MS, president of the Michigan Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.
  • A feature on “The Age-1 Visit: Time to Welcome Children into …


Trabajo De Grado En Proyección Social Fundación Construyendo Caminos De Esperanza “Funcades”, Viviana Andrea Prieto Vélez, David Leandro Albarracín Alvarado Jan 2019

Trabajo De Grado En Proyección Social Fundación Construyendo Caminos De Esperanza “Funcades”, Viviana Andrea Prieto Vélez, David Leandro Albarracín Alvarado

Contaduría Pública

El trabajo de proyección social busca establecer en los estudiantes criterios estratégicos de análisis e investigación, en un espacio de aplicación real al interior de una fundación, donde se puedan identificar los puntos de mejora y dar una solución factible y aplicable con términos administrativos, contables y financieros.


A Cross-Cultural Examination Of The Effect Of Employer Support On Employee Productivity, Shawn Tuman, Haley Lipton May 2018

A Cross-Cultural Examination Of The Effect Of Employer Support On Employee Productivity, Shawn Tuman, Haley Lipton

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

The purpose of this creative, collaborative, capstone project is to conduct a cross-cultural examination of the effect of employer support on employee productivity by compiling, examining, and synthesizing conclusions from existing research. In a world of growing globalization and technological innovation, the speed of productivity is often the cornerstone that differentiates successful businesses from unsuccessful businesses, providing a competitive advantage to the quick while the others fall behind. Often this increased level of efficiency comes at a cost beyond the price of the product and the salary of employees, a deeper, psychological cost. By reviewing research focused in the United …


Subjectivity Of Diamond Prices In Online Retail: Insights From A Data Mining Study, Stanislav Mamonov, Tamilla Triantoro May 2018

Subjectivity Of Diamond Prices In Online Retail: Insights From A Data Mining Study, Stanislav Mamonov, Tamilla Triantoro

Department of Information Management and Business Analytics Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Diamonds belong to a unique product category whose perceived value is largely dependent on socially constructed beliefs. To explore the degree to which the physical properties of a diamond can be used to predict the diamond price, we perform data mining on a large dataset of loose diamonds scraped from an online diamond retailer. We find that diamond weight, color and clarity are the key characteristics that influence diamond prices. The data mining results also suggest a high degree of subjectivity in diamond pricing that may reflect price obfuscation strategies employed by diamond retailers.


Surprisingly Open Or Openly Surprised? That Is The Question; Using Surprise Experiences To Increase Openness To Experience And Tolerance Of Ambiguity, Anneke Veenendaal-De Kort May 2018

Surprisingly Open Or Openly Surprised? That Is The Question; Using Surprise Experiences To Increase Openness To Experience And Tolerance Of Ambiguity, Anneke Veenendaal-De Kort

Creativity and Change Leadership Graduate Student Master's Projects

Using Surprise Experiences to Increase Openness to Experience and Tolerance of Ambiguity

In the fast-changing world in which we are currently living, we constantly come across situations and problems that we have not encountered before. An open mind and the ability to tolerate ambiguity are important skills in uncertain times. People who embrace the unpredictable can develop their resilience and flexibility. Surprisologists Luna and Renninger (2015) have discovered that a great way of dipping into unpredictability is through surprise. For my Master’s Project, I designed experiences that transform people’s openness and tolerance for ambiguity through surprise. This paper begins with …


A Mixed-Methods (Quantitative-Qualitative) Study To Identify The Perceived Level Of, Zeky Zardo Oct 2015

A Mixed-Methods (Quantitative-Qualitative) Study To Identify The Perceived Level Of, Zeky Zardo

Dissertations

Different approaches to developing leaders have been established through various forms of self-assessment, action learning, and education and training activities (Smither et al., 2005). The existing body of research on the impact and success of college and university leadership development programs focuses heavily on undergraduate leadership programs and not graduate-level programs such as the Master of Business Administration (MBA) or the doctorate. The purpose of this mixed-methods (quantitative–qualitative) study was to identify the perceived level of transformational leadership skill development by students enrolled in a doctoral program in organizational leadership. In addition, it was the purpose of this study to …


A Game Theory Analysis Of Team Based Incentivization In Retailing, Don Shemwell Sep 2015

A Game Theory Analysis Of Team Based Incentivization In Retailing, Don Shemwell

Atlantic Marketing Association Proceedings

The connection between incentives and outcomes has long found consistent support in management literature generally (Bartol and Hagmann 1992; Miller & Schuster 1993; Swinehart 1986) and retailing in particular (Banker et al. 1996; Team Pay Case Studies 1997). Later meta-studies strongly support this view. (Condly, Noe and Jackson 2002; Garbers and Konradt 2014). Yet, providing performance-based incentives, at least for rank and file retail employees, still is not common in U.S. retailing and team-based incentives are even rarer.

The next section of this manuscript describes some of the issues with individualized commissions, which though not prevalent in a many product …


How To Grow Your Rural Business With Purpose And Meaning, Connie I. Reimers-Hild, Alyssa Dye May 2015

How To Grow Your Rural Business With Purpose And Meaning, Connie I. Reimers-Hild, Alyssa Dye

Community Vitality Initiative Collections

No one can predict the future; however, rural entrepreneurs and business owners can use a future-focused leadership approach, which includes examining megatrends, to shape the future of their businesses. Megatrends are global shifts that influence society, the economy and the environment. The purpose of this article is to help rural entrepreneurs discover ways to grow their businesses with Living with Purpose and Meaning Megatrend.


سهم و نقش اثر عوامل نیروی کار انسانی و ارتباط آن با مدیریت کیفیت جامع (Tqm) درصنعت خودرو سازی ایران و هند, Bahram Mahmoudi Mazraeh Shadi Dec 2014

سهم و نقش اثر عوامل نیروی کار انسانی و ارتباط آن با مدیریت کیفیت جامع (Tqm) درصنعت خودرو سازی ایران و هند, Bahram Mahmoudi Mazraeh Shadi

bahram mahmoudi mazraeh shadi

چکیده: مدیریت کیفیت جامع (TQM) نقش مهمی درعملکرد و بهره وری شرکتها وسازمانها ایفا می کند. مدل مدیریت كیفیت جامع یك نوع فرهنگ مشاركتی را توسعه می‌بخشد كه هر یك از كاركنان می‌توانند در تصمیم‌گیری‌ها حضور داشته باشند. هدف ازاین مطالعه بررسی ارتباط بین عملکرد مدیریت ارشد با مدیریت کیفیت برمنابع انسانی ، در جهت رضایت کارکنان و تمرکز بر مشتری مداری و بهبود مستمر بهره وری درصنعت خودرو سازی ایران و هند می باشد. دوبخش که شامل شرکت تولید قطعات خودرو سونا در هند و شرکت تولید قطعات خودروساپکودر ایران برای این مطالعه در نظر گرفته شده اند. دراین …


A Movement Tool Kit For The Divergent And Convergent Cps Guidelines: Instruction Cards And Activity Floor Mats, Adela Vangelisti Dec 2014

A Movement Tool Kit For The Divergent And Convergent Cps Guidelines: Instruction Cards And Activity Floor Mats, Adela Vangelisti

Creativity and Change Leadership Graduate Student Master's Projects

A Movement Tool Kit for the Divergent and Convergent CPS Guidelines:

Instruction Cards and Activity Floor Mats

Movement is as natural to humans as breathing is, and, yet, passivity starts early in schools. We are taught to sit still and in silence for long periods of time. By the time we reach adulthood and enter the workforce, we have almost forgotten our sense of embodiment. This lack of movement is counter-productive, not only to learning but to the development of creativity as well. For this project, I designed a tool to recapture the joy and playfulness of movement. Furthermore, the …