Business Commons^™

Tax In Tourism Research: A Bibliometric Analysis, Serap Ozdemir Guzel, Tugce Uzun Kocamis

University of South Florida (USF) M3 Publishing

Tourism industry is one of the important sources in terms of tourism economy. For this reason, tourism and tax are two important variables. Tax in the field of tourism research and the usage areas of these taxes are other remarkable issues. In recent years, countries and many tourism businesses have been taking taxes from tourists for various expenditure items. The increasing importance of tax in terms of both supply and demand side, and the lack of a holistic comprehension of the knowledge domain in the literature are the motivation of the study. In this context, this study aimed to present …

Essays On Tax Impacts On Corporate Finance, Corporate Governance And Regional Disparity, Mei Li

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This dissertation consists of three chapters that cover topics on tax impacts on corporate finance, regional disparity and corporate governance.

Chapter 1 - How Do Net Operating Loss Carryforwards Affect Tax Impact on Corporate Capital Structure? This paper examines the impact of net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards on the tax implications of corporate capital structure. Leveraging the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA), the largest tax reform in four decades, this paper investigates the effect of NOL carryforwards on firms' sensitivity to tax reforms. As NOL carryforwards have become increasingly significant since 2000, but not widely researched due …

An Analysis Of Key Financial Accounting Topics, Alec White

Honors Theses

The Accounting Capstone Project is to design to help accounting students consider problems throughout the accounting industry. To accomplish this, students will complete several case studies dealing with areas of financial reporting. My group and I decided to present potential tax-saving strategies for Apple Inc.

Aruba's Taxing Dilemma: Navigating Tourist Perceptions On Room Tax And Turnover Tax In Paradise, Jorge Ridderstaat, Robertico Croes, Manuel A. Rivera, Jeong-Yeol Park

Dick Pope Sr. Institute Publications

This study presents the second part of our assignment for the Aruba Tourism Authority (ATA). Our study investigated the effects of two tax proposals (a turnover tax rate increase from 6% to 7% and a room tax rate increase from 9.5% to 12.5%) on tourism demand. We used monthly time-series data on tourism arrivals from several markets, including the U.S., The Netherlands, and other markets. We also segmented the arrival data based on the accommodations used in Aruba (high-rise, low-rise, and other accommodations). We applied several procedures to prepare and test the data before applying an Autoregressive Distributed Lag model …

Tax Risk, Corporate Governance, And The Valuation Of Tax Avoidance Across Philippine Firms: How Do Investors Value Corporate Tax Avoidance?, Christine E. Ang, Shawn Luther S. Chan, Sean Ellison G. Sow, Siegwald K. Yap, Madeleine B. Estabillo, Anne Go, Angelo A. Unite

Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI)

Tax avoidance has traditionally been thought to enhance firm value because it generates cash savings for reinvestment or distribution to shareholders. More recent literature, however, suggests that tax avoidance valuation may not be so simple. Desai and Dharmapala (2009) introduced the “agency perspective” on tax avoidance, arguing that investors consider the risk of tax avoidance as opening opportunities for managers to extract rents from their firms. Positive tax avoidance value would therefore be conditional on good corporate governance quality. Drake et al. (2017) introduced yet another dimension—tax risk—to the valuation of tax avoidance, arguing that tax avoidance that comes with …

Support New Business To Solve Old Problems With Kentucky’S Keystone Waste From Bourbon & Brewing, Samuel C. Kessler

Commonwealth Policy Papers

Provided here is a policy solution from the backside of Kentucky bourbon and brewing to upcycle Kentucky’s “keystone” wastes and grow businesses in the process. Potential effects range from removing the bottleneck on bourbon production and producing GHG-friendly biogas to lowering the price of milk.This full whitepaper brief provides an incentive model for keystone wastes which have a provider and a use. It is equally applicable for policymakers or advocates wishing to place a policy incentive behind waste-to-product upcycling, businesses involved with methane sequestration & renewable biogas energy, and shifting regulatory and penalizing models of pollution into incentive model for …

Shareholder Beware? Examining Nol Poison Pill Adoptions, Danielle Stanley

Doctoral Dissertations

This study examines whether or not a specific and unilateral action taken by the board of directors, the adoption of a net operating loss (NOL) poison pill, promotes shareholder interests, by examining the factors that are influential in the adoption decision. NOL poison pill adoptions are unique in that the board of directors cites the need to protect a firm’s ability to use its NOL carryforwards in the future, rather than to protect the firm from a specific takeover threat. To address my research question, I examine the firm characteristics associated with NOL poison pill adoptions and find that the …

Impact Of The Tax Cut And Jobs Act Of 2017 On Six Key Industries, Ariana Bar

Research and Innovation Village

The research showcases the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 on six different industries: agriculture, construction, manufacturing, utilities, finance, and services. Data was obtained from Calcbench, and ratios of income tax to earnings before taxes, assets, and revenue were calculated along with percent changes from 2017 to 2018.It was hypothesized that the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 would have a positive impact on these industries and lead to a reduction in taxes. The research demonstrated that change in the corporate tax rate, bonus depreciation, and the NOL carryforward are common aspects of the tax …

The Rich, Lucas A. Santos

English Department: Research for Change - Wicked Problems in Our World

The rise of the super rich dramatically rose in the 1980’s. The once dominant oil and gas sector was taken over by finance and technology overall. We are able to see a rise of these super rich, or the one percent, and even how quickly they were able to recover from the 2008 Recession. Now, the one percent are making continuous substantial gains in a current world, where a pandemic has struck and many are struggling. I talk about the use of public policy in order to regain this economic gap between the one percent and the rest of the …

Racialized Tax Inequity: Wealth, Racism, And The U.S. System Of Taxation, Palma Joy Strand, Nicholas A. Mirkay

Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy

This Article describes the connection between wealth inequality and the increasing structural racism in the U.S. tax system since the 1980s. A long-term sociological view (the why) reveals the historical racialization of wealth and a shift in the tax system overall beginning around 1980 to protect and exacerbate wealth inequality, which has been fueled by racial animus and anxiety. A critical tax view (the how) highlights a shift over the same time period at both federal and state levels from taxes on wealth, to taxes on income, and then to taxes on consumption—from greater to less progressivity. Both of these …

An Analysis Of Excise Taxes On Wine In The United States, William A. Saunders

Honors Theses and Capstones

Excise taxes are a form of tax that are applied specifically to certain goods, and are charged by the wholesaler to the retailer; they are then usually passed onto the consumer through price increases. Throughout the history of the United States, this form of taxation has transformed and taken on a variety of different roles before arriving at its modern role; a tool to implement certain tax systems, such as the Pigovian system, as well as to influence consumer behavior. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the purpose of excise taxes on wine within the United States by …

Tackling Undeclared Work Across Europe: Effective Solutions For Policy-Makers, Colin C. Williams

Colin C Williams

State Aid: How Economic Development Trumps Tax Revenue, Kristen Leigh Purcell

Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects

No abstract provided.

Taxation For Whom?:A Diachronic Analysis Of Taxation In Ireland And The United Kingdom From 1970-2015., Ewan Macdonald, John Hogan, Brendan O'Rourke

Other

This paper explores the discursive development of taxation within budget speeches in two countries, the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom, from 1970 to 2015 by means of a corpus-assisted discourse analysis. We ask the following questions; how have discourses of taxation developed diachronically in both countries, what are the similarities and differences in the observable discourses across both countries, and for whom and how are these discourses legitimised? In answering these questions, this paper makes use of Corpus linguistics, a methodological approach which utilises computational analysis of large bodies of text to draw statistically significant conclusions about the …

Certain But Stable? A Diachronic Analysis Of Taxation In Ireland From 1970-2015, Ewan Alexander Macdonald, John Hogan, Brendan O'Rourke

Other

Certain but stable? A diachronic analysis of taxation in Ireland from 1970-2015

This paper explores the discursive development of taxation within budget speeches in Ireland from 1970 to 2015 by means of a corpus-assisted discourse analysis. We ask the following questions; how have discourses of taxation developed diachronically and what are the similarities and differences in the observable discourses? In answering these questions, this paper makes use of corpus linguistics, a methodological approach which utilises computational analysis of large bodies of text to draw statistically significant conclusions about word usage. It is expected, though not taken a priori, that …

Introduction To Animal Therapy And Its Related Tax Benefits, Claudia L. Kelley, Christopher K. Eller

Journal of Counseling and Psychology

How are animals being used to improve the emotional and physical health of individuals? What are the tax implications associated with service and therapy animals? We examine these questions by providing an introduction to the subject of Animal Assisted Therapy, including how therapists and counselors are routinely using therapy animals in both individual and group treatment settings. Additionally, we discuss the potential tax savings that may be available to counselors and their clients who are using service and therapy animals. We also offer recommendations and guidance for counselors who wish to incorporate animal therapy into their treatment options.

Taxing Systemic Risk, Eric D. Chason

The University of New Hampshire Law Review

A tax on the harmful elements of finance—a tax on systemic risk—would raise revenue and also lower the likelihood of future crisis. Financial institutions, which pay the tax, would try to minimize its cost by lowering their systemic risk. In theory, a tax on systemic risk is perfect policy. In practice, however, this perfect policy is unattainable. Tax laws need clear definitions to be administrable. Our current understanding of systemic risk is too abstract and too metaphorical to serve as a target for taxation.

Despite the absence of a clear definition of systemic risk, academics and policy makers continue to …

European Platform Undeclared Work 2017 Platform Survey Report: Organisational Characteristics Of Enforcement Bodies, Measures Adopted To Tackle Undeclared Work, And The Use Of Databases And Digital Tools, Colin C. Williams

Colin C Williams

Tackling Undeclared Work In Southeast Europe: Knowledge-Informed Policy Responses, Colin C. Williams

Colin C Williams

America's Tax System And How To Fix It, Brendan O. Smith

Senior Honors Theses

Abraham Lincoln signed into law the first national income tax on August 5, 1861. Since 1913, the content of the Internal Revenue Code has increased from the 27-page tax law of that year to over 5000 pages today. As time has passed and the length of this document has increased, so has the expense and complexity of abiding by its statutes. The inefficiencies of the current system indicate that something must be done about the United States tax system, but no one has agreed on what to do. Many proposals to correct the problem have been brought forward over the …

The Formation Of A Student-Athlete Trust Fund: Compliance And Tax Implications, Stephanie Gratto

Honors College Theses

This study reviews the possible tax and compliance issues of a student athlete trust fund as proposed in the case O’Bannon v. NCAA. With the possibility of the creation of a trust fund comes a myriad of issues to consider. The following review of the literature will review pertinent literature on the topic. Interviews were conducted with athletic directors of three universities and with three tax partners in Atlanta tax firms in order to determine potential compliance and tax implications. These interviews outline possible issues and solutions that may rise from the formation of the trust.

Taxation On Morals, Alex J. Fulop

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

This paper discusses five (5) tax topics and their relationship to the government attempting to influence taxpayer behavior. These topics include the charitable contribution deduction, excise taxes, §179 deductions, the first-time homebuyer credit, and soil, water, and endangered species conservation expense deductions. The above aspects of tax law are the government’s way of encouraging some behaviors and discouraging others. I believe that doing so is well within the government’s rights to do. However, I also think that encouraging moral actions is different from requiring them, and they certainly should not be required.

A In-Depth Analysis Of The Federal Tax System, Esther O Wong

Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects

No abstract provided.

Envelope Wages In The European Union, Colin C. Williams

Colin C Williams

The Unjustified Subsidy: Sovereign Wealth Funds The Foreign Sovereign Tax Exemption, Jennifer Bird-Pollan

Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law

The taxation of Sovereign Wealth Funds in the United States is outmoded and due for reconsideration. Offering a tax exemption to the billion dollar investment funds owned by foreign governments is both unfair and ineffective. Founded in the principles of sovereign immunity, the foreign sovereign tax exemption, codified in I.R.C. § 892, fails to satisfy the Congressional goals that motivated its creation. This Article explains the current taxation of foreign sovereigns and, by extension, Sovereign Wealth Funds. It then illustrates that the current exemption is simultaneously too broad, providing a tax exemption for activities that are clearly nongovernmental activities, and …

Work Beyond Employment: Representations Of Informal Economic Activities, Colin C. Williams, Sara Nadin

Colin C Williams

The Misuse Of Tax Incentives To Align Management-Shareholder Interests, James R. Repetti

James R. Repetti

The U.S. tax system contains many provisions which are intended to align management of large publicly traded companies more closely to stockholders. This article shows that many of the tax provisions that have been adopted are of questionable effectiveness because they fail to address the complexities of stockholder-management relations in attempting to motivate management to act in the best interests of stockholders. The article proposes that rather than Congress attempting to identify the best way that it can use the tax system to motivate management, Congress should eliminate tax provisions which subsidize management's inefficiencies in order to encourage stockholders, themselves, …

Simple Pigovian Taxes Vs. Emission Fees To Control Negative Externalities: A Pedagogical Note, Robert S. Main

Robert S. Main

Many economics texts introduce their analysis of negative externalities by examining a tax on the output of polluting firms, sometimes called a "simple Pigovian tax," often pointing out that taxing pollution directly is superior to taxing output and proceeding to discuss an emission tee as an alternative. They do not show how and why an emission fee is more efficient than an output tax. This note presents a numerical example allowing comparison of the welfare effects of the two approaches, as well as showing why simply reducing the pollution intensity of polluters' output would be inferior to an emission fee.

Take Me Out Of The Ball Game: The Efficacy Of Public Subsidies In The Success Of Professional Sports Stadiums, Jonah Chodosh

CMC Senior Theses

This paper weights the relative advantages of multiple factors that lead to the success of professional sports stadiums in major markets, though a discussion of the arguments for and against public subsidies towards these projects. Using a logit statistical model, the paper determines that the two factors determining the highest likelihood of venue success include multiple tenants and access to mass transit. The analysis demonstrates that public subsidies towards stadiums don’t generate sufficient economic returns, and that successful stadiums can be created without using taxpayer funds.

Simple Pigovian Taxes Vs. Emission Fees To Control Negative Externalities: A Pedagogical Note, Robert S. Main

Scholarship and Professional Work - Business

Many economics texts introduce their analysis of negative externalities by examining a tax on the output of polluting firms, sometimes called a "simple Pigovian tax," often pointing out that taxing pollution directly is superior to taxing output and proceeding to discuss an emission tee as an alternative. They do not show how and why an emission fee is more efficient than an output tax. This note presents a numerical example allowing comparison of the welfare effects of the two approaches, as well as showing why simply reducing the pollution intensity of polluters' output would be inferior to an emission fee.