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Articles 1 - 30 of 30
Full-Text Articles in United States History
From “This Revolution Is Neither Communist Nor Capitalist!” To “Long Live The Socialist Revolution:” The Deterioration Of U.S.-Cuban Relations From 1958-1961, Julia Lyne
Honors Projects
This thesis studies the deterioration of U.S.-Cuban relations from 1958-1961. Mainly drawing from primary sources from the National Archives, it seeks to answer and understand how and why relations deteriorated so rapidly. It pushes against the common belief that U.S.-Cuban relations were doomed from the start, instead highlighting in Chapter One Fidel Castro’s rise to power (and Fulgencio Batista’s fall from power) and revealing that the U.S. government was not entirely against Castro’s seizure of power. Chapter Two explores Castro’s first year in power and the (futile) attempts made by both governments to keep relations alive. Finally, it closes with …
A Delicate Balance: Us-China-Taiwan Relations Under The Nixon And Carter Administrations In The 1970s, Evan H. Matthews
A Delicate Balance: Us-China-Taiwan Relations Under The Nixon And Carter Administrations In The 1970s, Evan H. Matthews
Senior Projects Spring 2022
This project is guided by its research question of why and how the Nixon and Carter administrations decided to maintain unofficial relations with Taiwan, despite pursuing the normalization of relations with the People’s Republic of China. President Nixon and National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger struggled to answer this question and left it up to “historical evolutions.” The Carter administration believed in three fundamental principles, each spearheaded by different agents in the administration: (1) that the United States had a moral obligation not to jeopardize the future of the Taiwanese people, (2) that the United States must pursue normalization with the …
The National Interest And The Roots Of American-Saudi Diplomacy, Oliver B. Wiegel
The National Interest And The Roots Of American-Saudi Diplomacy, Oliver B. Wiegel
Theses and Dissertations
This paper analyzes the beginnings of diplomacy between the United States and Saudi Arabia during the interwar years and World War II. It explores how national interest was decided upon, how oil companies affected American foreign policy, and the American government’s strategic interest in Saudi oil reserves.
U.S. Government And Politics In Principle And Practice: Democracy, Rights, Freedoms And Empire, Samuel Finesurrey, Gary Greaves
U.S. Government And Politics In Principle And Practice: Democracy, Rights, Freedoms And Empire, Samuel Finesurrey, Gary Greaves
Open Educational Resources
This book is written for students early in college to provide a guide to the founding documents and structures of governance that form the United States political system. This book is called American Government and Politics in Principle and Practice because you will notice that what has been inscribed in law has not always been applied in practice-particularly for indigenous peoples, enslaved peoples, people of color, women, LGBTQIA+, people with disabilities, those formerly incarcerated, immigrants and the working class within U.S. society. In designing this book, we have two goals. First, we want you to know what the founding documents …
Explaining America's Proxy War In Afghanistan: U.S. Relations With Pakistan And Saudi Arabia 1979–1989, Adelaide Petrov-Yoo
Explaining America's Proxy War In Afghanistan: U.S. Relations With Pakistan And Saudi Arabia 1979–1989, Adelaide Petrov-Yoo
History
From 1979 to 1989, an international coalition led by the United States, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan sent aid to Afghan guerillas known as the mujahideen. This thesis investigates the interests served by this aid by identifying key decision makers and identifying what they hoped to achieve by participating in the aid pipeline. In the United States, President Carter escalated the aid program in response to waxing Soviet influence and waning US influence in the region. President Reagan’s foreign policy approach, fighting the Cold War in other countries through proxies labeled “freedom fighters”, encouraged members of Congress and the Executive branch …
The Private Navy Of The United States: The Effects Of Privateers On The War Of 1812, Anthony Green
The Private Navy Of The United States: The Effects Of Privateers On The War Of 1812, Anthony Green
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
The declaration of war in June of 1812 brought more questions than it did answers for the United States. Economically, the government was not prepared to fund a war with multiple fronts. To make matters worse, the government’s primary source of income was through import duties, which they expected to decrease drastically as the war progressed. Militaristically, the United States Navy was too small to offer the protection that was needed from Britain, who possessed the world’s strongest navy at the time. Luckily for the United States, Congress in conjunction with President James Madison authorized privately owned ships to participate …
A Roundtable For Victoria M. Grieve, Little Cold Warriors: American Childhood In The 1950s, Thomas Field Jr., Julia L. Mickenberg, Lori Clune, Mary Brennan, Donna Alvah, Victoria M. Grieve
A Roundtable For Victoria M. Grieve, Little Cold Warriors: American Childhood In The 1950s, Thomas Field Jr., Julia L. Mickenberg, Lori Clune, Mary Brennan, Donna Alvah, Victoria M. Grieve
Publications
Dr. Thomas Field introduces a roundtable discussion of Victoria M. Grieve's Little Cold Warriors: American Childhood in the 1950s, providing a synopsis of reviewer critiques before the reviewers expand on their views and the author responds.
From Riots To Sovereignty: United States Policy Makers Ideas, Perceptions, And Reactions To The Panamanian Struggle For Sovereignty, William Edward Humphrey
From Riots To Sovereignty: United States Policy Makers Ideas, Perceptions, And Reactions To The Panamanian Struggle For Sovereignty, William Edward Humphrey
Graduate Theses
After the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty of 1903 the Panamanian people had to live in an occupied country. The U.S. took control of a ten-mile stretch of land surrounding a canal of immense importance to world trade. The U.S. policy makers ignored the pleas, complaints, and demonstrations of the Panamanian people as they struggled for sovereignty in their country. This thesis will show, through the use of primary sources from the U.S. government that U.S. policy makers refused to see the importance of sovereignty to the Panamanian people until the 1964 Panamanian Flag Riots. After that episode, U.S. policy makers dramatically shifted …
Mackinder And The Arctic's Emerging Geopolitics: Recommendations For The U.S. And Its Nato Allies, Bert Chapman
Mackinder And The Arctic's Emerging Geopolitics: Recommendations For The U.S. And Its Nato Allies, Bert Chapman
Libraries Faculty and Staff Presentations
This presentation shows how Halford Mackinder (1861-1947) described Canada and the Arctic region in his geopolitical writings. It goes on to stress how the Arctic is becoming increasingly important in international geopolitical policymaking due to its significant oil and natural gas resources, how warming temperatures are increasing international access to its waters, and the how countries as diverse as Canada, China, Russia, and the U.S. see the Arctic region in their strategic policymaking. It concludes by stressing that the Arctic can no longer be viewed as a region immune from international conflict and presents recommendations for the U.S. and its …
Strength Through Diplomacy: A Fundamental Review Of The Relationship Between North Korea And The United States, Benjamin D. Blackstone
Strength Through Diplomacy: A Fundamental Review Of The Relationship Between North Korea And The United States, Benjamin D. Blackstone
CMC Senior Theses
At the time that this thesis is printed, we are reminded of the tumultuous relationship between North Korea and the United States every day. If we follow the mainstream news regularly, it seems like we are on a steady path to war. Ultimately, this paper is centered around the question: what is the best foreign policy strategy for both countries to achieve respective goals, without descending into armed conflict? Specifically, I evaluated the failures of the last three U.S. Presidents and used their shortcomings to explain limitations in current foreign policy strategy. I also attempted to show North Korean concerns …
Remembering An Abolitionist, Ambassador John R. Miller (May 23, 1938-October 4, 2017), Eleanor Kennelly Gaetan, Donna M. Hughes
Remembering An Abolitionist, Ambassador John R. Miller (May 23, 1938-October 4, 2017), Eleanor Kennelly Gaetan, Donna M. Hughes
Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence
A memorial for Ambassador-at-Large to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, John R. Miller (May 23, 1938-October 4, 2017). Ambassador Miller believed modern-day slavery, encompassing sex trafficking and forced labor, requires a principled global offensive that the United States is morally obligated to lead. In the four formative years he led the State Department’s Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, 2002 to 2006, John Miller set the office’s course as diplomatically aggressive and programmatically creative. He made the annual Trafficking in Persons report more than a bureaucratic submission, putting daring heroes at the center, and insisting on compelling …
Geopolitical Implications Of The Sino-Japanese East China Sea Dispute For The U.S., Bert Chapman
Geopolitical Implications Of The Sino-Japanese East China Sea Dispute For The U.S., Bert Chapman
Libraries Faculty and Staff Scholarship and Research
Much analysis on Asian strategic challenges facing the U.S. has justifiably emphasized the South China Sea (SCS). This has also been reflected in 2016 presidential campaign debate on the SCS as an emerging area of U.S. foreign and national security policy concern. The East China Sea (ECS) is at least as important for the strategic interests of the U.S. and its allies given the tension between China and Japan over the Senkaku/Diaoyu islands, potential energy resources in this body of water, increasing defense spending by adjacent geographic powers, the area’s importance as a maritime international trade route, and the possibility …
Haiti And The Heavens: Utopianism And Technocracy In The Cold War Era, Adam M. Silvia
Haiti And The Heavens: Utopianism And Technocracy In The Cold War Era, Adam M. Silvia
FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study examined technocracy in Haiti in the Cold War era. It showed how Haitian and non-Haitian technicians navigated United States imperialism, Soviet ideology, and postcolonial nationalism to implement bold utopian visions in a country oppressed by poverty and dynastic authoritarianism. Throughout the mid-to-late twentieth century, technicians lavished Haiti with plans to improve the countryside, the city, the workplace, and the home. This study analyzed those plans and investigated the motivations behind them. Based on new evidence discovered in the private correspondence between Haitian, American, and Western European specialists, it questioned the assumption that technocracy was captivated by high-modernist ideology …
Conflict Beyond Borders: The International Dimensions Of Nicaragua's Violent Twentieth-Century, 1909-1990, Andrew William Wilson
Conflict Beyond Borders: The International Dimensions Of Nicaragua's Violent Twentieth-Century, 1909-1990, Andrew William Wilson
Department of History: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
The purpose of this research is to identify the importance of Nicaraguan political contests in the global twentieth century. The goal is to demonstrate that, despite its relatively small size, Nicaragua significantly influenced the course of modern history. This has been done by examining the international contestations between Nicaragua’s revolutionary and counterrevolutionary currents from Augusto Sandino’s resistance to U.S. imperialism, to the machinations of the Somoza family, and the Contra War of the 1980s. Upon examination of these events, it becomes clear that Nicaraguans on both sides of the conflict proved adept at cultivating and utilizing transnational networks of material …
American Identity Crisis, 1789-1815: Foreign Affairs And The Formation Of American National Identity, George E. Best
American Identity Crisis, 1789-1815: Foreign Affairs And The Formation Of American National Identity, George E. Best
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
When the Constitution was drafted in 1789, Americans did not have a sense of national identity. The process toward achieving a national identity was long and fraught with conflict. Some of the most influential events on the United States were foreign affairs. American reactions to these events reveal the gradual coalescence of national identity. The French Revolution was incredibly divisive and Americans defined their political views in relation to it. The wars spawned by it caused Great Britain and France to seize American ships believed to be carrying contraband. The American public took an active role in making its opinions …
Four Decades On: Vietnam, The United States, And The Legacies Of The Second Indochina War, Edwin A. Martini
Four Decades On: Vietnam, The United States, And The Legacies Of The Second Indochina War, Edwin A. Martini
Edwin A. Martini
In Four Decades On, historians, anthropologists, and literary critics examine the legacies of the Second Indochina War, or what most Americans call the Vietnam War, nearly forty years after the United States finally left Vietnam. They address matters such as the daunting tasks facing the Vietnamese at the war's end—including rebuilding a nation and consolidating a socialist revolution while fending off China and the Khmer Rouge—and "the Vietnam syndrome," the cynical, frustrated, and pessimistic sense that colored America's views of the rest of the world after its humiliating defeat in Vietnam. The contributors provide unexpected perspectives on Agent Orange, the …
The Politics Of A Gesture: The Impact Of Nixon’S Visit To China On Nixon’S Presidency, Samuel Tofte
The Politics Of A Gesture: The Impact Of Nixon’S Visit To China On Nixon’S Presidency, Samuel Tofte
Psi Sigma Siren
The importance of a symbolic gesture in diplomacy is very difficult to gauge. Diplomats often embark on social functions, meetings and trips to international countries in order to make contact with foreign diplomats and build relationships with governments. This is an effective means of forging political relationships, but how important is it when it comes to international policy and treaty negotiation? In short, it is extremely important in the process of policy-making, even without the tangible evidence showing its significance. Establishing contact can be the most difficult and arduous step in the road to good diplomatic relations, a fact that …
Uncoiling The Modern Sino-American Relationship, Amanda Mcatee
Uncoiling The Modern Sino-American Relationship, Amanda Mcatee
Psi Sigma Siren
For this particular paper I seek to qualify the true nature of the Sino-American relationship as it has developed over the last quarter of the twentieth century. To more fully appreciate the complex relationship that evolved between such seemingly antithetical nations, I will critically review both James Mann‘s About Face: A History of America’s Curious Relationship with China, From Nixon to Clinton and Margaret MacMillan‘s Nixon and Mao: The Week that Changed the World. This paper will specifically focus on evaluating the similarities and inconsistencies between Mann‘s and MacMillan‘s theses, elucidate the structural differences between each author‘s arguments, and …
China's 'Great Unity': U.S.-China Relations On The New Global Horizon, Anthony E. Clark
China's 'Great Unity': U.S.-China Relations On The New Global Horizon, Anthony E. Clark
History Faculty Scholarship
Great Decisions Lecture (2010)
Invisible Enemies: The American War On Vietnam, 1975-2000, Edwin Martini
Invisible Enemies: The American War On Vietnam, 1975-2000, Edwin Martini
Edwin A. Martini
Beginning where most histories of the Vietnam War end, Invisible Enemies examines the relationship between the United States and Vietnam following the American pullout in 1975. Drawing on a broad range of sources, from White House documents and congressional hearings to comic books and feature films, Edwin Martini shows how the United States continued to wage war on Vietnam "by other means" for another twenty-five years. In addition to imposing an extensive program of economic sanctions, the United States opposed Vietnam's membership in the United Nations, supported the Cambodians, including the Khmer Rouge, in their decade-long war with the Vietnamese, …
The Alliance Against Disarmament: The Atomic Energy Commission, The National Security Council, And The Joint Chiefs Of Staff, Mary D. Wammack
The Alliance Against Disarmament: The Atomic Energy Commission, The National Security Council, And The Joint Chiefs Of Staff, Mary D. Wammack
Psi Sigma Siren
Of the discussions that took place at the highest policy levels during the administration of Dwight D. Eisenhower, those concerning the possibility of a diplomatic solution to the arms race with the Soviet Union were among the most urgent and, perhaps, the most consequential in their failure. In the United States, members of the Eisenhower cabinet and other agencies and departments analyzed and addressed the consequences of various diplomatic proposals. Throughout that assessment phase, the National Security Council, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Atomic Energy Commission joined in steadfast opposition to arms limitations. On the international plane, the …
George F. Kennan And The Rebuilding Of Japan: The Second Phase Of Occupation Policy, Rhonda S. Beckham
George F. Kennan And The Rebuilding Of Japan: The Second Phase Of Occupation Policy, Rhonda S. Beckham
History Theses & Dissertations
As head of the Policy Planning Staff of the Department of State, George F. Kennan had the opportunity to implement aspects of the containment policy which he had helped to create. In 1947, Japan became vital to United States national security interests in Asia but was threatened by Communist infiltration because of an unstable political and economic situation promulgated by the initial post-surrender policy immediately after the war. An investigation by Kennan led to the implementation of significant changes which were enumerated in a National Security Council Report. This thesis will examine Kennan's foreign policy philosophy, the containment theory, the …
The Rhetorical Factors Applied To The Reorientation Of American Public Opinion Toward The Soviet Union Immediately After June 22, 1941, Stanley Paul Berry
The Rhetorical Factors Applied To The Reorientation Of American Public Opinion Toward The Soviet Union Immediately After June 22, 1941, Stanley Paul Berry
History Theses & Dissertations
This thesis asks the question: what rhetorical factors were applied to the reorientation of American public opinion toward the Soviet Union immediately after June 22, 1941. A brief review of American diplomatic trends leading to June 22, 1941 is provided. The term rhetoric is operationally defined and the limits establishing causation between persuasion and opinion are delineated. The national communication process is explained and a national opinion profile, as it existed in the spring of 1941, is described. Initial persuasive responses to the Russo-German war are addressed and analyzed. The primary persuasive goals are identified as improving the public's image …
The Creole Affair: Climax Of The British-American Fugitive Slave Controversy, 1831-1842, Alice Lee Anderson
The Creole Affair: Climax Of The British-American Fugitive Slave Controversy, 1831-1842, Alice Lee Anderson
History Theses & Dissertations
Abstract unavailable.
Fabianism Versus Welfareism : The Movement Towards The Welfare State In The United States, Susan Lee St. Clair
Fabianism Versus Welfareism : The Movement Towards The Welfare State In The United States, Susan Lee St. Clair
University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations
Finally in the 1880’s there emerged a reformist group which was ultimately to be the model of the viability, adaptability, effectiveness, and success of evolutionary socialism. The group called itself the Fabian Society and in the beginning it seemed to be not unlike other protest or reformist groups which were springing up all over England at the time. The difference was that this group, though always small in numbers, was to have a tremendous impact throughout England and the rest of the democratic world. To be specific, the ideas of the Fabian Socialists can clearly be seen as influencing the …
Brazilian-American Cooperation: 1940-1945, Oscar Matasar
Brazilian-American Cooperation: 1940-1945, Oscar Matasar
History ETDs
In looking retrospectively at the scope and nature of Brazilian-American cooperation during the war years, 1939-1945, one finds confirmation again of the traditional friendship of the two nations. This friendship, which began in the early history of Brazil as an independent nation, found many avenues of mutual expression. While the United States had in prospect evaluated Brazil's strategic position geographically, her expectations for economic help were more than realized by Brazil's readiness and ability to give timely and valuable aid. That both nations mutually benefited there can be no doubt. Each by helping the other had in effect made for …
Some Correspondence Of The Maine Commissioners Regarding The Webster-Ashburton Treaty, William L. Lucey S.J.
Some Correspondence Of The Maine Commissioners Regarding The Webster-Ashburton Treaty, William L. Lucey S.J.
History Department Faculty Scholarship
This article commemorates the 100th anniversary of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty, which resolved a boundary dispute between the United States and British North American colonies (presently Maine and New Brunswick). The article includes exerpts of correspondence between the four Maine commissioners who agreed to a compromise. These letters were preserved by Edward Kavanaugh, the first Catholic U.S. Congressman elected from New England, and provide a glimpse into the diplomatic and peaceful resolution of an Early American territorial disagreement.
Letter From Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson To C. C. Arosemena, March 10, 1909, Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson
Letter From Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson To C. C. Arosemena, March 10, 1909, Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson
Other Correspondence
In this copy of a typed letter from Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson to Carlos Constantino Arosemena, Wilson reassures the Minister of the State Department's intent to help ratify a treaty between the United States and Panama.
Letter From Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson To William Mckinley, March 1897, Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson
Letter From Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson To William Mckinley, March 1897, Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson
Early Career Documents
This typed and hand-written letter from Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson to President William McKinley contains endorsements in support of Huntington-Wilson for the position of Second Secretary to the Embassy to Great Britain.
Albert Sidney Johnson Letter To Texas Governor Peter Hansborough Bell Introducing Charles Stewart Todd. New Orleans, 1850., Albert Sidney Johnston
Albert Sidney Johnson Letter To Texas Governor Peter Hansborough Bell Introducing Charles Stewart Todd. New Orleans, 1850., Albert Sidney Johnston
Broadus R. Littlejohn, Jr. Manuscript and Ephemera Collection
Albert Sidney Johnson letter to Texas governor Peter Hansborough Bell introducing Charles Stewart Todd, a commissioner appointed by the U.S. to execute aspects of the Treaty of Guadalupe (1848, between U.S. and Mexico). Specifically, Johnston notes Stewart is to "make such dispositions of the Indian tribes bordering upon the line about to be established between this [U.S.] government & Mexico, as will enable the Government of the U. States to carry out the stipulation of the treaty of Guadaloupe [sic]."