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Articles 1 - 24 of 24
Full-Text Articles in History
For One Am Ready To Do My Part: The Initial Motivations That Inspired Men From Northern Illinois To Enlist In The U.S. Army, 1861-1862, Wayne Duerkes
For One Am Ready To Do My Part: The Initial Motivations That Inspired Men From Northern Illinois To Enlist In The U.S. Army, 1861-1862, Wayne Duerkes
Wayne Duerkes
In April 1861, in response to the firing on Fort Sumter, President Abraham Lincoln called for seventy-five-thousand volunteers to fill the ranks of the U.S. army. The response was immediate and overwhelming. Men residing in the northern states enlisted in such numbers that thousands had to be turned away, many then joining units from other states. During the first two years of the war, Illinois mustered over eightythousand men into Federal service. Of these men, seventeenthousand or 21 percent came from the fourteen northern most counties of the state, excluding Cook County. During the first two years of the war, …
Forests, Animals, And Ambushes In The Alliterative Morte Arthure, Jeremy Withers
Forests, Animals, And Ambushes In The Alliterative Morte Arthure, Jeremy Withers
Jeremy Withers
In the Alliterative Morte Arthure, the forest is often depicted as an ideal place for ambushing one's enemy. Such persistent attacks lead many warriors in the poem to encounter densely wooded areas with trepidation and even at times with explicit violence towards these places. However, through its use of several arresting locus amoenus passages, the Morte demonstrates alternative ways for soldiers to experience natural landscapes. Rather than suggest that forests are inherently malicious and forbidding places (as many medieval romances have done), the poem suggests that when cleared of an immediate threat of ambush, natural landscapes can be restorative and …
Filthy Cellars And Healthy Pets: Relationships Between Public Health, Pets And Veterinarians In Cincinnati Prior To World War I, Kelly Wenig
Kelly Wenig
In 1868, Board of Health officials in the city of Cincinnati declared that all animals had to be removed from the basements of city residences. In his report on the state of the city, health officer William C. Clendenin commented that “[t]he extent to which cellars are used throughout the city as depositories for rubbish and filth is truly surprising; --many respectable people [keep] geese, chickens, dogs, and even calves in their cellars…Filthy cellars, especially when they are very damp, are a very certain cause of sickness.”1 For most of the nineteenth century, cows, chickens, sheep, dogs and cats were …
The "Dallas Way": Protest, Response, And The Civil Rights Experience In Big D And Beyond, Brian D. Behnken
The "Dallas Way": Protest, Response, And The Civil Rights Experience In Big D And Beyond, Brian D. Behnken
Brian D. Behnken
A MERICANS NOW ALMOST UNIVERSALLY THINK OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ii. movement as a war waged between peaceful, supplicating black activists and violent, reactionary white racists. Turn on any news retrospective about the middle ofJanuary, or during Black History Month, and you will likely see scenes from Martin Luther KingJr. 's "I have a dream" speech or the March on Washington juxtaposed against images of whites attacking nonviolent African Americans with fire hoses, billy clubs, and German shepherds. While the factuality of these events cannot be disputed, the binary images ofviolence and nonviolence have come to represent the civil rights …
Review Of High Regard: Words And Pictures In Tribute To Susan Sontag, Barbara Ching
Review Of High Regard: Words And Pictures In Tribute To Susan Sontag, Barbara Ching
Barbara Ching
Susan Sontag's death on December 28, 2004, was marked, unsurprisingly, by an immediate outpouring of thoughtful memoirs and obituaries. Turning from words to pictures, the surprising tributes came later: Annie Leibovitz's book, A Photographer's Life, 1990–2005, and last year's Metropolitan Museum of Art show, On Photography: A Tribute to Susan Sontag, which ran from June 6 to September 4, 2006. Leibovitz's book opens with a picture of Sontag, back to the camera, dwarfed by the rock walls of Petra but emerging into the white open space before the temple. Leibovitz explains that she came across the photograph while searching through …
Pham Van Dong, Brian D. Behnken
Pham Van Dong, Brian D. Behnken
Brian D. Behnken
Vietnamese nationalist revolutionary, founder of the Viet Minh, premier of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV, North Vietnam) during 1950-1975, and prime minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV) during 1975-1987. Born in Quang Ngai Province on 1 March 1906, Pham Van Dong became active in nationalist and communist politics as a teenager. Like many other Vietnamese revolutionaries, he spent eight years in prison for his anti-French stance. In 1930 he helped found the Indochinese Communist Party.
Le Duc Tho, Brian D. Behnken
Le Duc Tho, Brian D. Behnken
Brian D. Behnken
Vietnamese revolutionary, member of the Vietnamese Communist Party's Political Bureau, and chief negotiator at the Paris Peace Talks. Le Due Tho was born Phan Dinh Khai in Nam Ha Province on 14 October 1911. He became active in communist political circles at a young age and in 1930 helped found the Indochinese Communist Party (ICP). During the 1930s he spent nearly a decade in prison for his anti-French political activities. In 1945 he helped form the nationalist Viet Minh organization with Ho Chi Minh and from the late 1950s largely directed the war in the Republic of Vietnam (RVN, South …
Essential Highlights Of The History Of Fluid Mechanics, Kurt A. Rosentrater, R. Balamuralikrishma
Essential Highlights Of The History Of Fluid Mechanics, Kurt A. Rosentrater, R. Balamuralikrishma
Kurt A. Rosentrater
To achieve accreditation, engineering and technology programs throughout the United States must meet guidelines established by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET). One of these requirements is that departments demonstrate that they provide students with an understanding of engineering in a broad, societal context. Examination of engineering history can be an essential element to this endeavor, because the development of modern theories and practices have diverse and complex evolutions which are often intimately intertwined with the development of societies themselves. Fluid mechanics is a key field of engineering, whose body of knowledge has had a significant influence on …
Artful Identifications: Crafting Survival In Japanese American Concentration Camps, Jane E. Dusselier
Artful Identifications: Crafting Survival In Japanese American Concentration Camps, Jane E. Dusselier
Jane E. Dusselier
"Artful Identifications" offers three meanings of internment art. First, internees remade locations of imprisonment into livable places of survival. Inside places were remade as internees responded to degraded living conditions by creating furniture with discarded apple crates, cardboard, tree branches and stumps, scrap pieces of wood left behind by government carpenters, and wood lifted from guarded lumber piles. Having addressed the material conditions of their living units, internees turned their attention to aesthetic matters by creating needle crafts, wood carvings, ikebana, paintings, shell art, and kobu. Dramatic changes to outside spaces of "assembly centers" and concentration camps were also critical …
Review Of Only One Place Of Redress: African Americans, Labor Regulations, And The Courts From Reconstruction To The New Deal, Brian D. Behnken
Review Of Only One Place Of Redress: African Americans, Labor Regulations, And The Courts From Reconstruction To The New Deal, Brian D. Behnken
Brian D. Behnken
In Only One Place of Redress, David Bernstein contends that between 1890 and 1937 American courts aided black workers in labor disputes. The court did this by upholding the freedom of contract doctrine enshrined in Lochner v. New York, the 1905 case that invalidated legislation limiting the hours a baker could work. "Lochnerism" or "Lochnerian jurisprudence," as Bernstein calls it, benefited blacks by voiding discriminatory labor laws, and he illuminates how these labor regulations harmed African Americans. "The Supreme Court," he writes, "was relatively sympathetic to plaintiffs who challenged government regulations, especially occupational regulations, as violations of the implicit constitutional …
Review Of A Stone Of Hope: Prophetic Religion And The Death Of Jim Crow By David L. Chappell, Brian D. Behnken
Review Of A Stone Of Hope: Prophetic Religion And The Death Of Jim Crow By David L. Chappell, Brian D. Behnken
Brian D. Behnken
In this provocative new book, David Chappell examines the role of religion and religious thought in the Civil Rights movement. By focusing on the intellectual and religious underpinnings of both the activists and their segregationist rivals, he makes a persuasive argument that the struggle should best be understood as a prophetic religious movement, rather than as a social movement or as the triumph of a liberal consensus. Scrutinizing religion allows Chappell to shift the historiographical debate away from protests and violence to the role of ideas, principles, and faith.
Going Back To The Old Mainstream: No Depression, Robbie Fulks, And Alt. Country's Muddied Waters, Barbara Ching
Going Back To The Old Mainstream: No Depression, Robbie Fulks, And Alt. Country's Muddied Waters, Barbara Ching
Barbara Ching
In 1972, when Doctor Hook and the Medicine Show sang "The Cover of the Rolling Stone," they cast rock critics as arbiters of stardom. By the time Cameron Crowe used th is song in his 2000 film Almost Famous, it held little irony. Sex and drugs were good but they just couldn't compare to joining the magazine's anointed. Currently, some alternative country aspirant could sing the same tune about No Depression. The magazine, now in its eighth year, invariably uses its cover to showcase an alt.country artist. It has sponsored alt.country package tours (in which the editors indulge the fan's …
Turning Learned Authority Into Royal Supremacy: Elizabeth I'S Learned Persona And Her University Orations, Linda Shenk
Turning Learned Authority Into Royal Supremacy: Elizabeth I'S Learned Persona And Her University Orations, Linda Shenk
Linda Shenk
When the princess Elizabeth studied languages and rhetoric with William Grindal and Roger Ascham, she acquired more than practical skills. She earned the right to depict herself as a learned prince. Throughout the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, the image of the educated monarch had gained particular political currency when humanist thinkers marketed the schoolroom as the necessary training ground for both king and counselor. Learned status served as proof that one was sufficiently wise and virtuous to hold political office.
Review Of Groove Tube: The Revolution As It Was Televised, Barbara Ching
Review Of Groove Tube: The Revolution As It Was Televised, Barbara Ching
Barbara Ching
Groove Tube engagingly imparts a wealth of information about television programming and the American counterculture. Concentrating on the years 1966–1971, Bodroghkozy claims to “trace how . . . entertainment television engaged with manifestations of youth rebellion and dissent” (4). She analyzes television “as an institution, a body of texts, and a group of audiences” that entered a “crisis of authority” in this period (17). “During such a crisis,” she explains, “the ruling elites . . . can only dominate using coercive means rather than consensual methods” (16). Nevertheless, in the history Bodroghkozy sketches, the networks ultimately cobbled together a “hegemonic …
The Feminization Of Magic And The Emerging Idea Of The Female Witch In The Late Middle Ages, Michael D. Bailey
The Feminization Of Magic And The Emerging Idea Of The Female Witch In The Late Middle Ages, Michael D. Bailey
Michael D. Bailey
The figure of the witch first appeared in Europe toward the end of the Middle Ages. That is, while all the separate components of witchcraft—harmful sorcery or maleficium, diabolism, heretical cultic activity, and elements drawn from common folklore, such as ideas of nocturnal flight—were widely believed to exist throughout much of the medieval period, only in the fifteenth century did these components merge into the single concept of satanic witchcraft. Also in the fifteenth century an aspect of witchcraft emerged that, to many modern minds at least, is perhaps the most striking and compelling element of the stereotype—the pronounced association …
From Sorcery To Witchcraft: Clerical Conceptions Of Magic In The Later Middle Ages, Michael D. Bailey
From Sorcery To Witchcraft: Clerical Conceptions Of Magic In The Later Middle Ages, Michael D. Bailey
Michael D. Bailey
By the time the fires of the great European witch-hunts burned out in the seventeenth century, untold thousands had been sent to their deaths upon conviction of this terrible crime. Exact figures are understandably difficult to come by, but the best available estimates set the number of the dead near sixty thousand, and this just for the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, when the witch craze reached its peak in western Europe.
Wrong’S What I Do Best: Hard Country Music And Contemporary Culture: Introduction And Table Of Contents, Barbara Ching
Wrong’S What I Do Best: Hard Country Music And Contemporary Culture: Introduction And Table Of Contents, Barbara Ching
Barbara Ching
This book is about hard country music for two reasons. First, it's impossible to really understand country music, now one of the most popular forms of music in the United States, without recognizing that its "country" is a disputed territory where a mainstream-oriented pop production style reigns over a feisty and less fashionable form-"hard country." Second, hearing hard country music offers an important perspective on the bewildering cultural situation, often called postmodernism, in which we find ourselves. Conversely, once we recognize the postmodern rhetoric of cultural distinction embedded in contemporary hard country, we can hear the music as something more …
Countrysides Transformed, Pamela Riney-Kehrberg
Countrysides Transformed, Pamela Riney-Kehrberg
Pamela Riney-Kehrberg
Rural and agricultural history provide their readers different perspectives on the ways in which the countryside has changed over the course of American history. Rural history approaches the question of change from the perspective of communities and families, while agricultural history generally eschews the social perspective for issues of crop production. Such is the case of two recent and important books in rural and agricultural history, Hal Barron's Mixed Harvest: The Second Great Transformationin the Rural North, 1870-1930 and Steven Stoll's The Fruits of Natural Advantage: The Making of the Industrial Countryside in California. While both authors are intimately concerned …
Readers' Theatre As A History Teaching Tool, Sandra D. Harmon, Pamela Riney-Kehrberg, Susan Westbury
Readers' Theatre As A History Teaching Tool, Sandra D. Harmon, Pamela Riney-Kehrberg, Susan Westbury
Pamela Riney-Kehrberg
LAST YEAR marked the one-hundred-and-fiftietha nniversaryo f the first women's rights convention held at Seneca Falls, New York. We wanted to celebrate the event with a dramatic presentation for our students. Lacking the skill to write a compelling play, we decided to put on a readers' theatre version of the convention. Such productions are engaging and relatively easy to stage as the actors read from scripts, usually without costumes or scenery. Readers' theatre also allows greater control over historical accuracy than a conventional play. Since history is only occasionally dramatic, the demands of theatre, whether on stage or in films …
Interpreting Shadows: Arms Control And Defense Planning In A Rapidly Changing Multi-Polar World, David R. King
Interpreting Shadows: Arms Control And Defense Planning In A Rapidly Changing Multi-Polar World, David R. King
David King
Cold War thinking continues to guide United States' policy in the Post-Cold War environment. Continuing to pursue policies forged during the Cold War will not be adequate to address proliferation for two reasons. First, Cold War policies do not reflect changes in the world in respect to other major or regional powers. Second, current policies overlook potential long-term counterproductive consequences. Adopting an overarching national policy on arms control will require understanding different world views of the United States, other major powers, and regional powers.
The Historical Development Of Agriculture In Illinois, Pamela Riney-Kehrberg
The Historical Development Of Agriculture In Illinois, Pamela Riney-Kehrberg
Pamela Riney-Kehrberg
Illinois' agricultural history is long and complex. Illinois' first settlers, the Native Americans, practiced hunting, gathering, and fishing and made use of the resources of the woods and prairies. By the tenth century, Native Americans combined men's hunting with women's agricultural activities to meet the needs of their communities. The earliest crop Native American women cultivated was corn, imported to Illinois from the Southwest.
Women, Technology, And Rural Life: Some Recent Literature, Pamela Riney-Kehrberg
Women, Technology, And Rural Life: Some Recent Literature, Pamela Riney-Kehrberg
Pamela Riney-Kehrberg
Historical study of American farm women has had a relatively short life, reaching back approximately twenty years. Rural women rarely existed in earlier scholarship that reserved the categories of farmer and farming for males. Agricultural history thus manifested itself as a story of men and their tools, stretching back historiographically into the early days of the 20th century. Although in 1953 Jared van Wagenen described in careful detail many of the physical processes of farming in The Golden Age of Homespun, the women's work from which he derived his title occupied less than twenty pages at the end of his …
Jane Howell And Subverting Shakespeare: Where Do We Draw The Lines?, Linda Shenk
Jane Howell And Subverting Shakespeare: Where Do We Draw The Lines?, Linda Shenk
Linda Shenk
When Ralph Berry asks RSC director Bill Alexander to explain how a director chooses to do a Shakespearean play in a certain manner, Alexander replies: "For me, it all boils down to this: how best can I reveal this play, how best can I release my own perception of the play, my own feeling of what it's about, and what it says and why he wrote it" (Berry 178). To fulfill these goals, directors often choose to set a play in a different historical context, devise a thematic doubling scheme, and/or cut lines to emphasize a specific concept. Such decisions …
Acting Naturally: Cultural Distinction And Critiques Of Pure Country, Barbara Ching
Acting Naturally: Cultural Distinction And Critiques Of Pure Country, Barbara Ching
Barbara Ching
Country music has the fastest-growing audience in America but it is still rather scandalous for an intellectual to admit to liking it. Contemporary cultural theory—which is to say cultural studies—has thus had practically nothing to say about it. At first glance, it may seem that everything has already been said. I know well enough that many people find country music to be dumb, reactionary, sentimental, maudlin, primitive, etc. Still others, perhaps influenced one way or another by the Frankfurt school, sneer at what they feel is the contrived, hokey, convention-bound nature of the music: they hear a commodification and cheapening …