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Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
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- History (6)
- Ousmane Sembène (5)
- Violence (5)
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- Ferdinand Oyono (2)
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- Madness (2)
- Maghreb (2)
Articles 1 - 30 of 55
Full-Text Articles in History
Poétique De La Ville-Symptôme Dans Le Roman Maghrébin, Hassan Moustir
Poétique De La Ville-Symptôme Dans Le Roman Maghrébin, Hassan Moustir
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
Postcolonial city is at the heart of maghrebian fictions so that it can be approached as a fundamental element of its particular poetics. In their novels Triptyque de Rabat and Le chien d’Ulysse, Khatibi and Bachi respectively link space as an explicative matrix of the national present and even of what goes beyond characters consciousness. This fact helps to understand the way history figures as a virtual paradigm coming down to space, sometimes threw separate facts, and being part of the personal perception of reality. The concept of reality itself becomes problematic regarding this endless past, we mean the impact …
La Bande Dessinée À L’Épreuve Du Génocide Au Rwanda : État Des Lieux Critique D’Un Mode D’Expression Original, Markus Arnold, Karel Plaiche
La Bande Dessinée À L’Épreuve Du Génocide Au Rwanda : État Des Lieux Critique D’Un Mode D’Expression Original, Markus Arnold, Karel Plaiche
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
20 years after the genocide of the Tutsis, one observes within the artistic production dealing with these traumatic events the presence of several comics (or bande dessinée). Yet is this specific mode of expression which often remains associated with lightness, humour and caricature capable to address in a credible fashion such delicate topics as pain, cruelty and death ? How do comics “translate” this 1994 tragedy for the purpose of critically raising awareness and providing memorial accounts while respecting the reader’s sensitivity ? Is there an “appropriate” depiction and where is the frontier between sensational, reliable and emotionally convincing portrayal …
Discours Sur L’Environnement Et Stratégies Empathiques De L’Hégémonie Dans Les Écritures Francophones D’Afrique Noire, Jean-Blaise Samou
Discours Sur L’Environnement Et Stratégies Empathiques De L’Hégémonie Dans Les Écritures Francophones D’Afrique Noire, Jean-Blaise Samou
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
It is a known that discourse developed on Africa in the European imagination between the late nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century had largely contributed to the implementation of colonial ideology. Today, African writings recover and rework those discourses, highlighting the language strategies by which the construction of a tropical otherness, territorial dispossession and colonial domination in Africa were part of a pragmatic discourse. The analysis of those discourses in some novels and movies from French-speaking Black Africa not only reveals the environmental issues that underlay the European colonial adventure in Africa, but also the interest for …
Le Génocide Comme Défi À L’Éthique, Théoneste Nkeramihigo
Le Génocide Comme Défi À L’Éthique, Théoneste Nkeramihigo
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
This article proposes the genocide constitutes moral defiance for at least three evident reasons: by the suffering of the innocent, it shows the failure of the moral vision that establishes a causal link between pain suffered and evil committed, of ethics and redistribution. And finally, the genocide challenges ethics by spreading the mortal conflict of opposite moral systems meaning the genocide was perpetrated according to a particular moral code. The article examines an essential aspect of politics, the hostility towards finding the structure of reception of the genocidal drift. Then, how to imagine a moral code that effectively fights the …
Géotropisme De Chamoiseau, Jean-Louis Cornille
Géotropisme De Chamoiseau, Jean-Louis Cornille
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
There seems to be a strange parallel between the vegetable kingdom in which Patrick Chamoiseau sets his Biblique des derniers gestes and the way the narrative is being played out. The mangrove, with its entangled roots and stems, constitutes a perfect image of the novel, whose multiple branches are no longer anchored in any reality or in a centralised system, but seem moved by a principle which we could call “bibliotropic”, since in Biblique one could easily find traces of Perse, García Márquez, Glissant, Césaire and even of Rabelais. But certain “stems” are more difficult to track within this dense …
« Banlieue Noire » : La Question Noire Dans La Littérature Urbaine Contemporaine, Stève Puig
« Banlieue Noire » : La Question Noire Dans La Littérature Urbaine Contemporaine, Stève Puig
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
Just as the “beur” movement started to flourish in France in the 80’s and the 90’s, a new question has emerged in French society in the last decade: the “black question”, which deals with the place of Africans and Antilleans in French society today. At the same time, a new literary genre has emerged: urban literature, which largely tackles themes related to the presence of Afro-caribbean people in metropolitan France. This article seeks to analyze three urban novels which take place in France, and more specifically how characters situate themselves regarding their Frenchness as the French government attempted to redefine …
Langue Et Identité Chez Leïla Sebbar. Vers Une Filiation Renégociée, Cécilia W. Francis
Langue Et Identité Chez Leïla Sebbar. Vers Une Filiation Renégociée, Cécilia W. Francis
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
In Je ne parle pas la langue de mon père (2003), L’arabe comme un chant secret (2010a), as well as in other components of her intimate prose, Leïla Sebbar reflects on her sense of dispossessed identity due to linguistic exile and an unknown heritage, resulting from ruptures in her paternal filiation. Drawing from the works of Jacques Derrida, Régine Robin and Simon Harel, which form the basis of our argumentation, we examine various dimensions of the severed parental bond. The article proposes to examine how Sebbar’s autobiographical writings, which incorporate scenarios dealing with legacy transmission expressed in terms of auditory …
Quels Écrivains Francophones Pour Quelles Normes ?, Daniel Delas
Quels Écrivains Francophones Pour Quelles Normes ?, Daniel Delas
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
With the benefit of historical hindsight, the rise of endogenous linguistic norms, justified in literary practices, can be reassessed. The firstg eneration of African writers such as Camara Laye and Léopold Sédar Senghor, because of their normative educational background, favoured exogenous French standards in their writing. Yet, Kourouma’s fiction is a turning point which initiated new literary practices, borrowing much from ordinary ways of speaking. Does it mean that French in Africa now follows endogenous norms? Without vouching for it, one can at least state the importance of recognizing African literature in French as a major form of expression.
La Poésie Hors-Normes De Mohamed Hmoudane Ou L’Art De La Provocation, Yamna Abdelkader
La Poésie Hors-Normes De Mohamed Hmoudane Ou L’Art De La Provocation, Yamna Abdelkader
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
Poetry is often understood as a series of deviations from linguistic norms, but Mohamed Hmoudane’s collections appear to be a systematic subversive strategy against both aesthetic conventions and prevailing assumptions about Eastern and Western identitarian categories. Published between 2003 and 2005, the works entitled Attentat, incandescence and Blanche mécanique avert poetic clichés as they invert cultural stereotypes, taking a most satirical stance toward the state of the world at the dawn of a new millenium. The pervasive sense of detachment resulting from Hmoudane’s satirical tendencies is associated with a poetics of excess, and this paradoxical union serves as a powerful …
Beyala Et Le Plagiat : Gary, Buten Et Walker Pourvoyeurs De Textes, Kisito Hona
Beyala Et Le Plagiat : Gary, Buten Et Walker Pourvoyeurs De Textes, Kisito Hona
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
If the name of Calixthe Beyala seems to be linked to controversial issues, it is also because she was repeatedly suspected and accused of plagiarism. One of these accusations led to her condemnation by the tribunal of Paris on May 7th, 1996. The purpose of this article consists not only in recapitulating the facts, but also, in capitalizing on them to study the phenomenon of plagiarism in general and the specifi c aspects which it takes with this writer.
Calixte Beyala Ou La Réécriture De La Littérature Coloniale Française, Frieda Ekotto
Calixte Beyala Ou La Réécriture De La Littérature Coloniale Française, Frieda Ekotto
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
This article shows how Calixthe Beyala, in Le petit prince de Belleville (1992) and Maman a un amant (1993), presents the character of the child as producer of sociopolitical and historical discourse. By using the child as narrator, Beyala rewrites the colonial literature of the interwar period extending from Francis Carco to Mac Orlan from a less noble perspective. As producer of certain racist discourses, the child is singled out as the one who represents life and assures the future of the community.
Enjeux Du Message Anticolonialiste En Métropole Dans Les Années 1950 : La Critique Journalistique De Trois Romans De Mongo Beti Et De Ferdinand Oyono, Vivan Steemers
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
This paper examines the effectiveness of the anticolonialist message in three novels published in 1956 by two Cameroonian writers -- Mongo Beti and Ferdinand Oyono-- by analyzing in particular their reception by French metropolitan reviewers. African writers of the 1950s depended exclusively on the metropolitan literary institutions and authorities for their recognition, i.e. the publishing houses and press of the colonial power. Mongo Beti and Ferdinand Oyono were among the first francophone African novelists to criticize the colonial regime. Nevertheless, important differences exist in the Africanist discourse of the critics who reviewed the novels when they were first published. We …
Images De Femmes: Une H/Histoire De La France En Algérie À Travers Les Carnets D’Orient De Jacques Ferrandez, Carla Calargé
Images De Femmes: Une H/Histoire De La France En Algérie À Travers Les Carnets D’Orient De Jacques Ferrandez, Carla Calargé
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
My article analyses the representation of women in the Carnets d’Orient, a graphic novel series that tells the (hi)story of Algeria since its colonial conquest by the French army until its independence in 1962. I argue that the representation of women in the series varies not only according to the periods represented in the work, but also and more importantly according to the evolution that took place in the author himself while working on the series. the essay is organized in three parts according to three historical periods. The first period is that of the colonial conquest of Algeria (1830-1872) …
Pugnacité Et Pouvoir: La Représentation Des Femmes Dans Les Fi Lms D’Ousmane Sembène, Sheila Petty
Pugnacité Et Pouvoir: La Représentation Des Femmes Dans Les Fi Lms D’Ousmane Sembène, Sheila Petty
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
As a pioneer of African fi lmmaking, Ousmane Sembène has demonstrated a remarkable dedication to exploring the importance of women in African society. From the struggle against colonial oppression by Diouana in La Noire de… (1966) at the beginning of his career, to the character of Kiné and her struggle to build a life for her children in postcolonial Senegal in Faat Kiné (2000), Sembène has portrayed African women as agents of change and courage in their societies. This essay explores women’s representations in two fi lms from Sembène’s oeuvre, including Black Girl (1966) and Faat Kine (2000). Using narrative …
Du Néoréalisme En Afrique: Une Relecture De Borom Sarret, Sada Niang
Du Néoréalisme En Afrique: Une Relecture De Borom Sarret, Sada Niang
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
Critical evaluations of African cinema have tended in the past to confi ne the analysis of this corpus to its content. In books and articles published earlier, the colonial and postcolonial history of the continent abound, social dramas are explained at length, thefts at all levels, cultural mystifi cation, corruption as well as violence are amply described. The insights of such an approach notwithstanding, the aesthetic sources of African cinema are not limited to the rural and the traditional. Through a comparison of Vittorio De Sica Bicycle Thief and Sembène’s Borom Sarret, this paper argues that african cinema inserted itself …
L’Éthique Et L’Esthétique Chez Ousmane Sembéne, Frederic Ivor Case
L’Éthique Et L’Esthétique Chez Ousmane Sembéne, Frederic Ivor Case
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
The ethics and aesthetics of the films and novels of Sembène reflect the axiological principles of his work. Sembène’s impact can be felt throughout as his practice in both cinema and literature helped redefi ne the features of the African novel and film. For him, writing was fed by the experiences, however painful, of workers of diverse origins attempting to survive their difficult conditions. His novels reveal the agony of this world but also various opportunities for self realization among his characters. Such practice, born out of the sweat, resistance and determination of men and women eking out their living, …
Un Autre Monde Est Possible: Création Et Résistance Dans L’Oeuvre D’Ousmane Sembène, David Murphy
Un Autre Monde Est Possible: Création Et Résistance Dans L’Oeuvre D’Ousmane Sembène, David Murphy
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
During an artistic career that spanned half a century, Ousmane Sembène often played a pioneering role. However, although the many awards he received constitute recognition of the artistic quality of his work, his literary and cinematic output is best known for its denunciation of colonial and neo-colonial injustices. This article argues that Sembène’s importance is not solely political, and nor should it be limited to his role as a pioneer of African cinema. Sembène was also a great artist who developed a profound refl ection on his practice both as a writer and as a filmmaker. The article will trace …
De La Fiction Criminelle En Afrique. Relecture Des Films D’Ousmane Sembène, Alexie Tcheuyap
De La Fiction Criminelle En Afrique. Relecture Des Films D’Ousmane Sembène, Alexie Tcheuyap
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
For institutional, ideological and even sociological reasons, the detective genre had difficulty rising to prominence within literatures and especially within the field of African cinema. If one observes today its shy emergence in the works of some West African film directors and within popular Nigerian video films, it is nonetheless possible, thanks to a finer scrutiny of theories developed on the subject, to realize that some films by Ousmane Sembène contain aesthetic strategies that allow for a fresh assessment of the works of a director whose films were often reduced to their ideological aspects. This second reading also unravels the …
Les Stéréotypes, Vecteurs De La Constriction Identitaire Chez Biyaoula, Françoise Cévaër
Les Stéréotypes, Vecteurs De La Constriction Identitaire Chez Biyaoula, Françoise Cévaër
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
From the 1980s, writers in the francophone diaspora have examined the post-colonial African identity and its portrayal, according a special place to stereotyping. Thus, they denounce not only its tyrannical hold, but also the devastating effect of stereotyping on individuals and societies. Paradoxically, they show how stereotyping can offer to the post-colonial subject a means of manipulating identity features, therefore, of avoiding predetermination. In its study of, mainly, Biyaoula’s L’impasse, this article also proposes to show how the stereotypes, going beyond the limits of theory, is reborn within he body, becoming a veritable enclosure for forgery of identity.
Raharimanana : « Le Viol Des Douceurs », Patricia Célérier
Raharimanana : « Le Viol Des Douceurs », Patricia Célérier
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
constant and paradoxical paradigm, violence is at the core of the Malagasy writer, Jean-Luc Raharimanana’s work. What are its representations, its modulations and functions in his shortstories, his novel, Nour, 1947, and his narrative, L’arbre anthropophage ? His poetic elaboration of violence puts his production at the juncture of postmodern and committed literatures and gives it a singular value in the world of postcolonial literature.
Maggy Corrêa : Passer Le Témoin, Avec Ou Sans Le Feu Sacré, Isabelle Favre
Maggy Corrêa : Passer Le Témoin, Avec Ou Sans Le Feu Sacré, Isabelle Favre
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
In her book entitled Tutsie, etc., Rwandan Swiss author Maggy Corrêa recounts how in july 1994, she was able to rescue her mother from the Rwandan genocide of the Tutsi. This essay begins by examining the status of the testimonial genre within the literary institution. Then, based on Maggy Corrêa’s text, the analysis will demonstrate how Derrida’s concept of sacramentum can be traced in Corrêa’s adventure, and how this same notion proved to be absent from the United Nations’s discourse taking place in Geneva at the same time.
Bent Familia De Nouri Bouzid : Enjeux De L’Amitié, De La Clairvoyance Féminine Et Du Questionnement, Hélène Tissières
Bent Familia De Nouri Bouzid : Enjeux De L’Amitié, De La Clairvoyance Féminine Et Du Questionnement, Hélène Tissières
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
Bent Familia by the Tunisian filmmaker Nouri Bouzid breaks down silences by questioning norms and power structures, including patriarchal authority. Centered on an exceptional friendship between three women and examining their preoccupations as well as their needs, the film reveals the empowering forces of sharing, insightfulness and engagement. Through the character of Aïda and the intertwinement of arts – in particular music and painting – the film dismantles absolutes and illusions. It encourages deep questioning in order to trace new paths, valuing the clear-sighted contributions of women in a continuously changing society.
L’Écriture Tumulaire : Témoignage Sur La Mort, Pour La Vie, Philippe Basabosa
L’Écriture Tumulaire : Témoignage Sur La Mort, Pour La Vie, Philippe Basabosa
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
The article proves how the testimony narrative, in writing death and genocide-related atrocities, attempts to restore human dignity to the victims. The narrative space that becomes in that way a burial place and a funeral monument plays also the role of the ''redemption'' of history in order to secure the future. The narratives that the article analyzes constitute at the same time a hymn to life. By creating themselves other destinies, other reasons for life, the survivor and witness authors succeed in overcoming the world-weariness that threatens every survivor of the Itsembabwoko slaughter.
« La Femme Qui Pleure » : La Nouvelle D’Assia Djebar Et Le Tableau De Picasso, Farah Aïcha Gharbi
« La Femme Qui Pleure » : La Nouvelle D’Assia Djebar Et Le Tableau De Picasso, Farah Aïcha Gharbi
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
This article is a study of the dialogue that is maintained between the novel « La femme qui pleure » by Assia Djebar and the Picasso painting that bears the same title. This article also aims to show author’s achievement of the liberation of the feminine subject through an aesthetic means, in other words, through an angle that allows for an encounter between that which has been written and the painting, which combined give the women the right to the word and the image portrayed. The form and the structure that are shared between the novel and the painting appear …
La Pensée Du Témoignage : De La Scène Du Génocide À La Scène Judiciaire, Sélom Gbanou
La Pensée Du Témoignage : De La Scène Du Génocide À La Scène Judiciaire, Sélom Gbanou
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
This paper intends to study the stories of witnesses of the genocide of the Tutsi people in Rwanda from the angle of both History and Justice. It analyses how the actual event is brought back by the victims’s stories and shows the tormentors that the lives they have undone have been redone in defiance of the effort to wipe out all traces, the basic idea of genocide. Furthermore, the witnesses report seems to be a judiciary scene where, trying to understand what has happened, the victims put themselves in the witness box of their conscience in order to find their …
La Poétique Du Fragment Dans Le Récit De Survivance Au Rwanda, Eugène Nshimiyimana
La Poétique Du Fragment Dans Le Récit De Survivance Au Rwanda, Eugène Nshimiyimana
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
The narrative about surviving is by definition an impossible narrative due to the enormity and absurdity of the tragedy. It is characterized by a fragmentary aspect which is a sign of its resistance to utterance. Based on Révérien Rurangwa’s Génocidé, the following reflection proposes to read the fragment as a manifestation of a traumatic memory that language fails to carry out due to the distortion of the signifying process in which the signified seems to take priority to the signifier. The fragment, thus, can be seen as an attempt to recuperate the symbolic, attempt that is always ''unsuitable'' due to …
Le Témoignage Dans L’Oeuvre De Yolande Mukagasana, Théopiste Kabanda
Le Témoignage Dans L’Oeuvre De Yolande Mukagasana, Théopiste Kabanda
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
this article analyzes the status of testimony in Mukagasana’s La mort ne veut pas de moi and N’aie pas peur de savoir, by bringing out the main narrative strategies allowing to get round the unspeakable. It demonstrates the connection of the testimony, the memory and the history of the genocide in Rwanda as event which marked the humanity in 20th century. This link is studied through the conditions and the postures of testimony, the textual marks of dentification of the addressees and the roles of the testimony.
Témoigner : Les Voies De La Connaissance, Catalina Sagarra
Témoigner : Les Voies De La Connaissance, Catalina Sagarra
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
The author analyzes the narrations of Survivors of the genocide of the Tutsi, in 1994. A particular attention is paid to how the witnesses express two affects : guilt and responsibility. Their life stories explore these concepts which help them to carry out a search for Truth, which is deeply linked with the sufferings the horror of the past inflicted to them to the point of being haunted by the past. The Survivors ask themselves an array of questions, not always finding a satisfying answer which could bring them some peace. They address their questioning to different agents, telling them …
Le Témoignage De L’Itsembabwoko Par La Fiction. L’Ombre D’Imana, Josias Semujanga
Le Témoignage De L’Itsembabwoko Par La Fiction. L’Ombre D’Imana, Josias Semujanga
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
Following the Tutsi genocide in 1994, many African writers went to Rwanda, in 1998, and then wrote some novels and other fictional texts about the horror they saw. This study shows how Véronique Tadjo’s L’ombre d’Imana adopts several mechanisms of Traveler’s Narratives, but poses also their limits in ethical thinking about genocide. Tadjo uses indeed the subversion of Traveler’s Narratives by adding other forms of genres like reportage and testimonies. She discusses about the limits of testimony narratives on a genocide.
Meka Ou Le Lent Retour À Soi, Alexandre Lizotte
Meka Ou Le Lent Retour À Soi, Alexandre Lizotte
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
Inspired by Ferdinand Oyono’s novel Le vieux nègre et la médaille and relying on the works of Albert Memmi and a number of critics of the negro-african novel, what we are proposing here is a reflection on the relation between the colonizer and the colonized. At the very core of our analysis is the character of Meka, Oyono’s main character, who symbolizes the people’s strive for freedom and self-rediscovery and reconquest. Step by step, we follow him through his long and difficult “walk” or journey towards himself, towards his own truth. In our understanding of that whole liberation process, we …