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Articles 1 - 30 of 48
Full-Text Articles in History
Race, Gender, Sexuality, And The Pursuit Of Modernity: British Biopower And Female Sexuality In Domestic And Colonial Practice, Alana Tomas
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
This paper explores how female sexuality became a primary site for the exercise of British biopolitical regulation as illustrated both in colonial Hong Kong and Singapore and in domestic practice. The application of biopolitical regulation on the subject of female sexuality was based on a discursive production making indissociable the success of the imperial project and the survival of the imperial race and the control of the female body. This discursive production mobilized intersections of race, class, gender and sexuality through the Victorian cult of domesticity, resulting in a racialization of female sexuality with implications transcending the permeable frontier between …
A Tale Of Two Motherlands: Bridging The Gap Between The American And Korean Identities Of Korean War Adoptees, Lily Zitko
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
In 1955, the Harry and Bertha Holt successfully petitioned for the passing of Private Law 475 (Holt Bill) allowing for the adoption of eight orphans from South Korea. This was the beginning of a global revolution in transnational and transracial adoption. Prior to this, the idea of adoption outside of the United States was seldom possible; however, the work of the Holt family rationalized with the pubic and garnered much attention from the government and media. Even more so complicated was the idea of mixed-race Korean children, fathered by American G.I.s stationed in the Korea during the Korean War. Their …
Recipes For Life: Black Women, Cooking, And Memory, Elspeth Mckay
Recipes For Life: Black Women, Cooking, And Memory, Elspeth Mckay
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
This paper examines cookbooks written by Black women from the mid eighteenth to late twentieth centuries. As cookbooks, these texts are practical and instructional, while also offering insights into the transnational development of food as an expression of cultural history through the Indigenous, African, and European influences evident within the cuisine. African Americans, and more specifically Black women, have contributed to the food history of the Southern United States by developing a distinct African American cuisine. As the author, I reflect on what it means for me – as a white Canadian woman in a border city – to be …
Internalized Oppression: Exploring The Nuanced Experiences Of Gender And Sexuality In Historically Black Colleges And Universities, Kathryn Kendal Ryan
Internalized Oppression: Exploring The Nuanced Experiences Of Gender And Sexuality In Historically Black Colleges And Universities, Kathryn Kendal Ryan
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
In the American South at the turn of the century, quality education was scarce and legislative laws were put in place to ensure that African American individuals remained far away from Predominantly White Institutions (PWIs). As a result, Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) became a catalyst for change in a “separate but equal” driven society. This article will explore the significance of Historically Black Colleges and Universities in elevating Black Americans throughout the twentieth century while assessing the conservative nature of the institutions and their inflexibility towards the various nuances of African American communities. While not particular to HCBUs, …
The Depiction Of Native Hawaiians In American Media, Lauren Lopez
The Depiction Of Native Hawaiians In American Media, Lauren Lopez
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
Since the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands to the United States in 1898, American cartoonists, advertisers, authors, filmmakers, and others have promoted racist, sexist, and hyper-sexualized versions of Native Hawaiians to the American public because of their deeply ingrained colonial attitudes. Although Native Studies is a growing area of interest in many fields of study, research on Native Hawaiian media representation and the impact of stereotypes on both Native Hawaiian identity and public views of Native Hawaiians is scarce. This essay uses primary source documents to bring to light the most prominent stereotypes of Native Hawaiians and explore how the …
Race, Place, And Religion: African American Missionaries In The Late Nineteenth And Early Twentieth Centuries, Kevin D. Hicks
Race, Place, And Religion: African American Missionaries In The Late Nineteenth And Early Twentieth Centuries, Kevin D. Hicks
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
This paper attempts to provide a more complete analysis of the various conceptions of race and identity held by African American missionaries working in Africa during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. While there has been some attention paid to African American missionaries working in Africa at this time, very little has been written about how their different theological beliefs impacted their conceptions of race and identity as it is related to the native African population they are interacting with. Through thorough analysis, it can be determined that there were distinct links between the different theological beliefs held by …
Letter From The Editors, Gregg French, Emma Grant
Letter From The Editors, Gregg French, Emma Grant
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
No abstract provided.
Amex: Discord And Unity In The Canadian Vietnam-Era Anti-Draft Movement, 1969-1971, Doris R. Lanzkron-Tamarazo
Amex: Discord And Unity In The Canadian Vietnam-Era Anti-Draft Movement, 1969-1971, Doris R. Lanzkron-Tamarazo
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
During the American Vietnam War of the 1960s and early 1970s, a movement dedicated to opposing the draft and assisting draft dodgers and deserters emerged within Canada, where many of these war resisters immigrated. Exile groups were organizations in the anti-draft movement consisting entirely of American war resisters. One prominent exile newsletter was Amex: The American Expatriate in Canada. Amex’s reactions to events in the Canadian anti-draft movement during its second volume (1969-1971) demonstrate how despite frequently criticizing other organizations and individuals within the movement, it ultimately advocated for unity. Amex’s views on discord and unity within the anti-draft movement …
How The Women Of The Soe Were Made To Wage War: A Brief Account Of Noor Inayat Khan’S Experience As A Biracial Female Soe Agent, Leah B. Veerasammy
How The Women Of The Soe Were Made To Wage War: A Brief Account Of Noor Inayat Khan’S Experience As A Biracial Female Soe Agent, Leah B. Veerasammy
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
This article explores the experiences of women of colour in the British Army during the Second World War, and the influences of race and gender on their work, focusing specifically on the experiences of British-Indian SOE agent Noor Inayat Khan. Inayat Khan’s experiences in training and fieldwork are analyzed based on her relationship with superiors and colleagues, taking into account their racial and gender-based biases, as well as Inayat Khan’s relationship to her own identity as a woman of colour in a largely white male environment. Ultimately, women within the British Army experienced a number of disadvantages due to prevalent …
Letter From The Editors, Rachael Lauzon
Letter From The Editors, Rachael Lauzon
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
No abstract provided.
A Marxist Approach To Bostonian Missionaries In Hawaii, Tea Sekaric
A Marxist Approach To Bostonian Missionaries In Hawaii, Tea Sekaric
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
For centuries, the United States (U.S.) has euphemised their imperial endeavours across North America as they have continued to rely on ‘providence’ to justify American expansionism and colonialism. This connection between an ordained destiny and imperialism is observed within the realm of Hawaii with Bostonian missionaries. Sponsored by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM), Bostonian evangelists embarked the ship Thaddeus, entering Hawaii in 1819 with the intent to civilize what they perceived as an uncivilized nation. Notably, concepts of ‘civil’ and ‘uncivilized’ are culturally determined and are intricately tied to America’s belief in their own exceptionalism. At …
Intersectionality In The Lives And Works Of Mary Ann Shadd And Henry Bibb, Karleigh R. Kochaniec
Intersectionality In The Lives And Works Of Mary Ann Shadd And Henry Bibb, Karleigh R. Kochaniec
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
Throughout the mid to late nineteenth century, Henry Bibb and Mary Ann Shadd were known to be highly accomplished and recognized abolitionists. Both Shadd and Bibb worked in the Detroit-Windsor region and resided in Windsor-Essex for a number of years. As a part of their efforts, Shadd and Bibb were editors of their own newspapers targeted towards educating fugitive slaves, Bibb’s being The Voice of the Fugitive and Shadd’s being The Provincial Freeman. The abolitionists often worked together but also had a fair share of differences. There has been research that discusses the works of Shadd and Bibb, and the …
Controlling Death: Exploring The Discourse Of Suicide In Antebellum America, Austin Tyrrell
Controlling Death: Exploring The Discourse Of Suicide In Antebellum America, Austin Tyrrell
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
Suicide amongst slaves in antebellum America occurred frequently enough that systems of control were put in place by slave owners to limit their occurrence. Meanwhile, abolitionists used instances of slave suicide to evoke sympathy and advance their cause. This article explores how and why conceptualizations of white and black suicide differed. In doing so, it argues that contemporary discourse about slave suicide was intentionally used to shape racist perceptions as a means of maintaining control over slaves and the institution of slavery alike.
The “Authenticity” Of Cannibalism: Persisting Nineteenth-Century Colonial Perceptions In The Present-Day Tourism Dynamic Of Lake Toba, Kai Siallagan
The “Authenticity” Of Cannibalism: Persisting Nineteenth-Century Colonial Perceptions In The Present-Day Tourism Dynamic Of Lake Toba, Kai Siallagan
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
This paper discusses perceptions of the Batak of North Sumatra popular among nineteenth-century European audiences and their continuity in the tourism industry and tourist descriptions. In particular, tourist dynamics in the Batak region of Lake Toba are contextualised and interpreted by identifying how local culture has reacted to tourist demand and tourist depictions of the locals and their culture. The paper undertakes a historiographical survey of nineteenth-century European writings that ascribe a “violent,” “primitive,” and “cannibalistic” character to the Batak to illustrate prevailing perceptions of the time. These findings are interpreted through a conceptual analysis that integrates Foucauldian discourse theory, …
Black Bottom And Paradise Valley: The Intersection Of Race, Class, And Memory In Twentieth Century Detroit, Emma C. Grant
Black Bottom And Paradise Valley: The Intersection Of Race, Class, And Memory In Twentieth Century Detroit, Emma C. Grant
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
This research follows the evolution of intra-class relations between the Black elite, middle, and working classes within Detroit society from the Reconstruction period to 1936. By analyzing transformations of power and the inherited morals which accompanied these transfers, this essay will demonstrate how class relations within the African American community created distinctions within a designated urban space. This essay argues that Detroit's prominent Paradise Valley grew out of the Black Bottom community, which inextricably links the two separate entities into one. Ultimately, this research refutes historiographical debates which attempt to concretely bind these communities. Moreover, by blending academic debate to …
Front Matter, Jonathan Mertz
Front Matter, Jonathan Mertz
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
No abstract provided.
“We Are One Nation”: The Legacy Of The Coldwater-Narrows Reserve (1830-1836), Heather N. Smith
“We Are One Nation”: The Legacy Of The Coldwater-Narrows Reserve (1830-1836), Heather N. Smith
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
Simcoe County, Ontario has one of the longest histories of contact between settlers and Indigenous peoples within Canada. Yet, this area remains understudied by historians, with much of the literature glorifying Canada’s first settlers, while emphasizing the “uncivilized” and “savage” nature of Indigenous peoples. This article tells the remarkable story of the Coldwater-Narrows Reserve (1830-1836) in order to reveal Indigenous life, culture, and presence in the region, while countering problematic perceptions of Indigenous peoples and addressing fundamental gaps in historiography. A variety of primary sources are explored, including archival maps, correspondence, travelogues, journals, and illustrations. This story demonstrates how the …
Echoes Of War: The Great War’S Impact On Literature, Samuel R. Williams
Echoes Of War: The Great War’S Impact On Literature, Samuel R. Williams
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
This paper examines the works produced by: Erich Maria Remarque, Ernest Hemingway, C.S. Lewis, and J.R.R. Tolkien, specifically to show how their writings recorded and translated the experiences of soldiers during World War I, and their struggle to assimilate into civilian society afterward. By examining authors and novels from varying geographic and national background, common themes of bitterness, trauma, and disillusionment are found in men that fought on both sides of the conflict. Literature’s reflection of these scars appears in the lived experiences woven into the writings by the authors, and the reactions of the wider public that shared similar …
Evangelizing Indigents: A Move Towards Professionalization Of The Cleveland Protestant Orphan Asylum, 1875-1900, Rhianna M. Gordon
Evangelizing Indigents: A Move Towards Professionalization Of The Cleveland Protestant Orphan Asylum, 1875-1900, Rhianna M. Gordon
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
Within this research, I sought to uncover the correlation between the cholera epidemic of 1848 and the establishment of the Cleveland Orphan Asylum in 1852. However, I ascertained that not only was this a practical venture to save waifs that had been orphaned due to epidemic, but it was a religious obligation rooted in antiquated Puritan beliefs of salvation. The founding couple, the Rouse family, came from Massachusetts during the Second Great Awakening and instituted sundry Sunday schools in their wake. Beginning in New York and slowly making their way to Cleveland, Ohio, they spread the gospel and created tracts …
Is There A Gay Brain? The Problems With Scientific Research Of Sexual Orientation, Matthew Mclaughlin
Is There A Gay Brain? The Problems With Scientific Research Of Sexual Orientation, Matthew Mclaughlin
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
In 1991 neuroscientist Simon LeVay published “A Difference in Hypothalamic Structure Between Heterosexual and Homosexual Men”, which reported the discovery of a ‘region’ in the anterior hypothalamus of the brain that determined sexual orientation in men. LeVay's study was an attempt to revolutionize the scientific study of sexual orientation, as previous decades of research had failed to isolate the biological determining factor of human sexual orientation. Blinded by his political motivation to aid the gay rights movement at the end of the twentieth century, LeVay's study - as well as the countless other scientific investigations of human sexuality - merely …
The North American Gamble: An Examination Of Nation-State Projects In Canada And The United States, Alexander J. Cramer
The North American Gamble: An Examination Of Nation-State Projects In Canada And The United States, Alexander J. Cramer
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
This paper is a book review of James Laxer’s Staking Claims to a Continent: John A. Macdonald, Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, and the Making of North America. It will summarize Laxer’s narrative on the course of North American nation-state projects. Laxer defines nation-state projects as ventures where leading elements in a nation, which exist within the framework of a larger state, launch a political campaign for secession and subsequent sovereignty. This paper will first examine the nation-state project in the Confederate States of America under Jefferson Davis. Second, it will examine the nation-state project in the United States of America …
Pierre Trudeau’S White Paper And The Struggle For Aboriginal Rights In Canada: An Analysis Of The Extent To Which The White Paper Was A Turning Point In The Struggle For Aboriginal Rights And Land Claims In Canada, Elisabetta A. Kerr
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
This paper contends that Pierre Trudeau’s 1969 “White Paper” on the status of Aboriginals in Canada was not a major turning point in improving the status of Aboriginals in Canada, but succeeded in inspiring activism and interest in the plight of Canada’s First Nations. The policy attempted to redefine the Canadian government’s relationship with its Aboriginal peoples, expressing the centrality of the government in Aboriginal affairs and reinforcing its obliviousness to the needs of Canada’s First Nations. The White Paper proposed to remove “Indian Status” for Aboriginals, and as a result was vehemently rejected. The effects of the proposed revocation …
The Italian Army In The Second World War: A Historiographical Analysis, Simon Gonsalves
The Italian Army In The Second World War: A Historiographical Analysis, Simon Gonsalves
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
Classical English language analysis of Italy's role in the Second World War has done poorly in its attempt to accurately the Italian military's contribution to the Axis cause. Basing their analysis on flawed sources, historians in the intermediate post war era got much incorrect. Many of the staples of the World War Two genre still base much of their writing on these writers. This paper concludes by exploring the two most important modern writers who specialize in this area of military history.
Gangs And The Culture Of Violence In El Salvador (What Role Did The Us Play?), Norma Roumie
Gangs And The Culture Of Violence In El Salvador (What Role Did The Us Play?), Norma Roumie
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
Gang violence in El Salvador has resulted in conditions that have perpetuated an environment of terror and culture of violence. This paper aims to understand the emergence of transnational gangs in El Salvador and the US involvement in this process. The article is divided into the following subtitles; 1980s civil war and the repercussions of US involvement, Salvadorans migration to the US and reverse migration (with a focus on Los Angeles and San Salvador), and US exportation of heavy-handed policies to El Salvador’s institutionalized use of political violence. The paper concludes that US involvement in El Salvador created a foundation …
Editors Introduction, Jonathan Mertz
Editors Introduction, Jonathan Mertz
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
The undergraduate experience is often marked by writing a paper, receiving a grade, and no subsequent reward or engagement with the topic. The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History was founded with the intent of changing this experience for those students who are both passionate and dedicated to their scholarship. In its fifth year of publication, our journal has continued its mission to highlight and recognize the research undergraduate students do throughout their studies and provide a platform through which they can join the broader academic discourse.
Editor's Introduction, Salma Abumeeiz
Editor's Introduction, Salma Abumeeiz
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
Having established itself as a beacon of historiographical under- standing and undergraduate ambition, one can only imagine my excitement when presented with the opportunity to become Editor- in-Chief of e Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History. How- ever, to say that this process was not also intimidating would be incorrect. Readership and participation in the Journal has extended beyond the University of Windsor’s History department, into the wider Great Lakes region and around the world. e fear of doing an injustice to the outstanding individuals who have helped make this journal such a success was, at times, overbearing. However, I …
The 1934 Chatham Colored All-Stars: Barnstorming To Championships, Lauren A. Miceli
The 1934 Chatham Colored All-Stars: Barnstorming To Championships, Lauren A. Miceli
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
This essay looks at the Chatham All-Stars, an all-black baseball team from Chatham, Ontario that won the Ontario Baseball Association championship in 1934. In particular, this essay shall investigate the practice of barnstorming, which was significant in showcasing teams like the All-Stars and increasing their revenues. The essay argues that barnstorming was important in the All-Stars success in the Ontario Baseball Association, and that barnstorming also secured financial opportunities for many of the All-Star players. In addition, barnstorming was important not only to entertain communities at this time, but also to tighten relationships amongst communities. Furthermore, this essay highlights the …
Comfort Women: The 1946-1948 Tokyo War Crimes Trials And Historical Blindness, Kathryn J. Witt Ms.
Comfort Women: The 1946-1948 Tokyo War Crimes Trials And Historical Blindness, Kathryn J. Witt Ms.
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
This essay analyzes why the comfort women were not mentioned until recent decades. The essay starts with an overview of Japan’s colonization and formation of the Comfort Women system; next, the history of the women and a comparison between the Korean and Dutch comfort women are being compared before going into the Tokyo War Crimes Trials. It discusses historical blindness through the Tokyo War Crimes Trials. There are three factors into how the United States government officials, including General Douglas MacArthur and Joseph Berry Keenan, manipulated the trials: United States government’s conduct, the general view on gender crimes, and the …
Cleveland Zionists: Raising Awareness Of The Holocaust, Megan Moledor
Cleveland Zionists: Raising Awareness Of The Holocaust, Megan Moledor
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
The question of why it took the United States so long to aid in Europe during the Holocaust has been widely debated in history, due to confusion over what groups knew about the atrocity taking place and just how much information was available. When did the United States government understand the destruction that was being done to the Jewish populations overseas? Did specific organizations try to help to raise awareness? As early as the mid-1800s, Cleveland, Ohio became home to its own active Jewish society. Making a new home, but keeping their former ideals, these groups still stayed connected to …
The Poverty Of Bureaucracy: New Left Theory And Practice In The Canadian Labour Movement During The 1960s And 1970s, Sean P. Antaya
The Poverty Of Bureaucracy: New Left Theory And Practice In The Canadian Labour Movement During The 1960s And 1970s, Sean P. Antaya
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
This essay examines the New Left’s impact on the Canadian labour movement in the 1960s and 1970s. Specifically, it argues that in large industrial unions such as the UAW, New Left ideas that were popular amongst the rank and file were stifled by the more conservative labour bureaucrats. However, in public sector unions and unions unaffiliated with the Canadian Labour Congress, New Left ideas were often able to flourish, and these more radical unions were sometimes able to obtain substantial gains for their members throughout the 1970s while also fostering a broader sense of class consciousness in Canadian society -- …