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- Eastern Question (5)
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- Smyrna (3)
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Articles 1 - 17 of 17
Full-Text Articles in History
Russian Philorthodox Relief During The Greek War Of Independence, Theophilus C. Prousis
Russian Philorthodox Relief During The Greek War Of Independence, Theophilus C. Prousis
Theophilus C. Prousis
The Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire (1821-1830) constituted the first breach in the Metternichean system established at the Congress of Vienna, which sought to preserve the status quo and protect legitimate rulers against liberal and nationalist revolts. The Greek struggle was the major diplomatic issue confronting the great powers in the 1820s and became something of a cause célèbre for European public opinion. During the course of the "Greek affair," philhellenism developed into an international movement. It expressed deep appreciation for the classical and Byzantine heritage and strong interest in the fate of the Greek nation struggling …
Smyrna In 1821: A Russian View, Theophilus C. Prousis
Smyrna In 1821: A Russian View, Theophilus C. Prousis
Theophilus C. Prousis
Smyrna was a dangerous, tumultuous outpost in 1821, especially for a Russian diplomatic official during the initial months of the Greek War of Independence. This is the most palpable conclusion from the personal diary of the Ionian Greek, Spyridon Iur'evich Destunis (1782-1848), who served as Russian consul general in Smyrna from 1818 to 1821. His unpublished diary, one of the richest files in the sizable Destunis collection housed in the Manuscript Section of the Saltykov-Shchedrin State Public Library in Leningrad, appears here in English translation for the first time. It offers an extremely valuable eyewitness account of the almost nonstop …
The Destunis Collection In The Manuscript Section Of The Saltykov-Shchedrin State Public Library In Leningrad, Theophilus C. Prousis
The Destunis Collection In The Manuscript Section Of The Saltykov-Shchedrin State Public Library In Leningrad, Theophilus C. Prousis
Theophilus C. Prousis
This work began as an outgrowth of a research project on Russian culture and the Greek War of Independence: a study in Russian philhellenism. The opportunity to conduct research in the Soviet Union in 1980-81 and 1987-88 brought to light new themes and sources in the field of Greek-Slavic cultural relations. Access to the archival collections of several Greeks who achieved prominence in Russia provided concrete information on their contributions to Russian society and culture in a variety of areas, such as civic activity, education, scholarship, and publicistic endeavors.
Excursion On The Euxine, Theophilus C. Prousis
Excursion On The Euxine, Theophilus C. Prousis
Theophilus C. Prousis
Neal Ascherson, a British writer, journalist, and Poland specialist, has performed an admirable task-and done it well-reminding us of the Black Sea's centrality in the destiny of ancient Greeks, Scythians, Sarmatians, Goths, Khazars, Tatars, Slavs, Turks, and a host of other peoples who swept across the Pontic Steppe. In a work that combines travel writing, journalism, scholarly discourse, intellectual probing, and personal pilgrimage, Ascherson evokes places and peoples, discusses contemporary issues and problems, investigates history, culture, and archaeology, and explores the intrinsically difficult matter of sorting out national identities in multi-ethnic societies. Above all, this richly textured work illumines the …
Avpr (Arkhiv Vneshnei Politiki Rossii) And The Orthodox East, Theophilus C. Prousis
Avpr (Arkhiv Vneshnei Politiki Rossii) And The Orthodox East, Theophilus C. Prousis
Theophilus C. Prousis
This article contributes to the Russian scholarly tradition of istochnikovedenie (study of sources) by identifying selected documents in Moscow's Arkhiv Vneshnei Politiki Rossii (AVPR, Archive of Russian Foreign Policy) on Imperial Russia's religious contacts with the Greek East during the nineteenth century. Describing the rich and diverse sources available in the archival/manuscript collections of Russia, Ukraine, and other parts of the former USSR is an essential task in laying the foundation for a more precise and systematic account of Russian religious and cultural ties to the Greek East than has hitherto been the case.
Landscape Of The Levant: A Russian View, Theophilus C. Prousis
Landscape Of The Levant: A Russian View, Theophilus C. Prousis
Theophilus C. Prousis
European travel literature on the Levant provides one of the most accessible, if not always accurate, sources for studying life and society in the Ottoman world in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The prospects of adventure, trade, and pilgrimage attracted generations of European men and women, many of whom recorded their impressions of places and peoples encountered in the Near East. In view of Russia's proximity to the Ottoman Empire, not to mention Russian religious and cultural ties with the sultan's Eastern Orthodox Christians, travelers from Muscovite and Imperial Russia visited the Ottoman realm, and many of them, drawn to …
Bedlam In Beirut: A British Perspective In 1826, Theophilus C. Prousis
Bedlam In Beirut: A British Perspective In 1826, Theophilus C. Prousis
Theophilus C. Prousis
Foreign consuls from European states compiled countless communiques about the state of the Ottoman Empire during the turbulent early nineteenth century, a period fraught with internal and external crises triggered by war, revolt, sectarian tension, the breakdown of once effective governing institutions, and European rivalries associated with the Eastern Question. Consular records offer firsthand information and a treasure trove of detail on economic, commercial, social, political, and military conditions in the Ottoman world. By relating specific incidents, episodes, and situations, eyewitness commentaries by consuls provide insight into urban and rural affairs and shed light on the human dimension of everyday …
A Guide To Avpri Materials On Russian Consuls And Commerce In The Near East, Theophilus C. Prousis
A Guide To Avpri Materials On Russian Consuls And Commerce In The Near East, Theophilus C. Prousis
Theophilus C. Prousis
Tsarist expansion against the Ottoman Empire and commercial access to the Black Sea and the Mediterranean broadened the parameters of Russian influence in the Near East in the nineteenth century. For Imperial Russia, the Eastern Question became a complex and multi-faceted issue, encompassing the pursuit of strategic and diplomatic aims in Istanbul, the Straits, and the Balkan peninsula, the protection of Eastern Orthodoxy, and the extension of trade in the Black Sea and the Levant. Commerce and consuls provide windows on Russia’s interaction with the Near East and illuminate the variety of interests which comprised Russia’s Eastern Question. Russia’s relations …
Eastern Orthodoxy Under Siege In The Ottoman Levant: A View From Constantinople In 1821, Theophilus C. Prousis
Eastern Orthodoxy Under Siege In The Ottoman Levant: A View From Constantinople In 1821, Theophilus C. Prousis
Theophilus C. Prousis
Research on Imperial Russia’s contacts and connections with Eastern Orthodox communities in the Levant in the early nineteenth century aroused my interest in how Britain, that other edge of Europe, related to the Ottoman Empire during this tumultuous period. Traders, travelers, envoys, consuls, and others registered their impressions and observations in myriad writings, providing historians with a treasure trove for probing the Eastern Question, the nineteenth-century European dilemma of what to do with the surprisingly resilient Ottoman Empire, still possessing strategic lands and vital waterways in the Near East. Russian and British archival and printed sources widen our perspective on …
Russian Trade Prospects In Smyrna: An 1812 Consular Report, Theophilus C. Prousis
Russian Trade Prospects In Smyrna: An 1812 Consular Report, Theophilus C. Prousis
Theophilus C. Prousis
Documents on Russian commerce in the Black Sea and the Levant offer eyewitness description, firsthand observation and authentic information. These qualities, to varying degrees, are evinced in this translated memorandum penned by tsarist vice-consul Carlo A. Marracciny in Smyrna in December 1812 and addressed to Foreign Minister Rumiantsev. The Marracciny report merits attention by scholars of Russia's Eastern policy as a reminder that primary sources on Russian trade, and on wider tsarist aims, in the Near East warrant collection and presentation in an accessible format for students and scholars alike. This particular document might very well become a small piece …
Archival Gleanings On Russian Trade And Consulates In The Near East, Theophilus C. Prousis
Archival Gleanings On Russian Trade And Consulates In The Near East, Theophilus C. Prousis
Theophilus C. Prousis
Imperial Russia’s maritime access to the Black Sea and the Mediterranean broadened the framework of tsarist influence in the Ottoman Empire during the 19th century. The pursuit of strategic and diplomatic aims in Istanbul, the Straits and the Balkan peninsula, in conjunction with the protection of Eastern Orthodoxy and the extension of trade in the Levant, made the Eastern Question a complex and multi-faceted issue for Imperial Russia. Archival sources on commerce and consulates shed light on the variety of interests which comprised Russia's Eastern Question and deserve more critical examination by scholars of Russian designs in the Near East.
Storm Warnings In The Straits: Russian-Ottoman Trade Issues, Theophilus C. Prousis
Storm Warnings In The Straits: Russian-Ottoman Trade Issues, Theophilus C. Prousis
Theophilus C. Prousis
Russian envoys in the Ottoman capital routinely raised storm warnings over commerce and other contentious points in Russian-Ottoman relations. Trade formed part of the "precarious balance" between conflict and negotiation, as the two adjacent empires competed for lands, peoples and resources along porous frontiers and engaged in risky but profitable commercial exchange. Archival documents from the Russian embassy in Constantinople provide telling detail and firsthand commentary on trade issues, contested borders and related concerns in Russian-Ottoman affairs of the early 19th century. These- sources not only indicate the variety of interests that shaped Russian policy in the eastern Mediterranean but …
Russian Trade Prospects In Smyrna: An 1812 Consular Report, Theophilus C. Prousis
Russian Trade Prospects In Smyrna: An 1812 Consular Report, Theophilus C. Prousis
Theophilus C. Prousis
Documents on Russian commerce in the Black Sea and the Levant offer eyewitness description, firsthand observation and authentic information. These qualities, to varying degrees, are evinced in this translated memorandum penned by tsarist vice-consul Carlo A. Marracciny in Smyrna in December 1812 and addressed to Foreign Minister Rumiantsev. The Marracciny report merits attention by scholars of Russia's Eastern policy as a reminder that primary sources on Russian trade, and on wider tsarist aims, in the Near East warrant collection and presentation in an accessible format for students and scholars alike. This particular document might very well become a small piece …
Risky Business: Russian Trade In The Ottoman Empire In The Early Nineteenth Century, Theophilus C. Prousis
Risky Business: Russian Trade In The Ottoman Empire In The Early Nineteenth Century, Theophilus C. Prousis
Theophilus C. Prousis
Irregularities in the implementation of Russian-Ottoman trade accords often turned commercial promise into risky business for Russian merchant shipping in the Levant. The Russian archival records presented here for the first time in English translation – four restitution requests and trade loss inventories submitted to the Sublime Porte by the Russian envoy in 1816 – provide telling detail not just on the perils of Russian trade but on the extent of Russia's commercial networks in the Ottoman Empire. The documents offer a Russian perspective on trade issues in the Levant and suggest the commercial dimension of Russian involvement in the …
Research In The Soviet Union Under Glasnost, Theophilus C. Prousis
Research In The Soviet Union Under Glasnost, Theophilus C. Prousis
Theophilus C. Prousis
I spent the 1987-88 academic year in the USSR with a grant from the International Research and Exchanges Board (IREX) to conduct historical research in Soviet archives and libraries. IREX, with government, corporate, and foundation support, administers research exchange programs with the Soviet Union and the socialist countries of Eastern Europe in the fields of the social sciences and the humanities. I had been in the USSR during 1980 and 1981, at a time when East-West tensions were high as a result of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, President Carter's grain embargo and boycott of the Moscow Olympics, and the …
Dēmētrios S. Inglezēs: Greek Merchant And City Leader Of Odessa, Theophilus C. Prousis
Dēmētrios S. Inglezēs: Greek Merchant And City Leader Of Odessa, Theophilus C. Prousis
Theophilus C. Prousis
Greek merchant settlement of the northern coast of the Black Sea extends back to classical and Byzantine times. After the founding of Odessa in 1794, Greek and other foreign merchants played a major role in transforming this provincial backwater into one of the leading grain emporiums of Europe, a cosmopolitan city of ethnic diversity and cultural vitality. Dēmētrios Spyridonovich Inglezēs (1773-1844) is a concrete example of the prosperous Greek trader who assimilated to his new environment and engaged in numerous civic endeavors promoting the commercial and urban growth of Odessa during its formative decades. He also retained a sense of …
Distinguished Professor Convocation Address, September 29, 2006, Theophilus C. Prousis
Distinguished Professor Convocation Address, September 29, 2006, Theophilus C. Prousis
Theophilus C. Prousis
No abstract provided.