History Commons^™

International Terrorism And Television Channels:Operation And Regulation Of Tv News Channel During Coverage Of Terrorism, Ratnesh Dwivedi Mr

Ratnesh Dwivedi

The concept of globalization or internationalization of certain wars, which were result of terrorist activities worldwide , as well as the high attention of terrorism coverage broadcast worldwide might open up better opportunities to journalists – particularly to those who work in democratic countries like U.S.A and India – to improve their coverage. The context is the key: the context of the operation methodology, follow of guidelines of regulatory bodies,and of the journalistic culture and of the global environment. It is very important how media presents consequences of terrorist acts, how information is transmitted to public. Television and press have …

Secular Damnation: Thomas Jefferson And The Imperative Of Race, Robert Forbes

Robert P Forbes

Race, we are told, is a “social construction.” If this is so, Thomas Jefferson was its principal architect. Jefferson consciously framed his only published book, Notes on the State of Virginia, to check the rising status of Africans and to combat growing critiques of slavery from America’s European friends. Jefferson did this by importing the slaveholder’s sense of slaves as chattel into an Enlightenment world view, providing a metaphysical foundation for prejudice by transmuting the traditional Christian concept of the saved vs. the damned into material and aesthetic terms. Recasting in quasi-scientific language the ancient doctrine of the mark …

“Truth Systematised" : The Changing Debate Over Slavery And Abolition, 1761-1916, Robert Forbes

Robert P Forbes

No abstract provided.

Slavery And The Evangelical Enlightenment From "Religion And The Antebellum Debate Over Slavery (Univ. Of Georgia Press)", Robert P. Forbes

Robert P Forbes

This essay shows how Scottish Common-Sense rationalism and evangelical religion conjoined in the later eighteenth century to create a powerful, mutually-reinforcing “Evangelical Enlightenment” with powerful antislavery implications. The defeat of Napoleon in 1815 cleared the way for an unprecedented wave of socially-progressive, religiously-undergirded American nationalism. This threat stimulated slaveholders and their allies to defend the institution through strategies designed to preclude the alliance of a powerful national state with the sanction of religion—the only combination powerful enough to overthrow slavery in a free republic.

Review Of Death Blow To Jim Crow: The National Negro Congress And The Rise Of Militant Civil Rights By Erik S. Gellman, Cynthia Taylor

Cynthia Taylor

Table Annexed To Article: Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Constitution’ Surveyed By Percent Of Words In Source, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

In the last of three articles, OCL surveys the deployment of ‘constitution’ through The Federalist Papers, the bank bill debates and the remainder of Madison’s life (post-presidency). Numeric values for hits are computed for the range of semantic values, with the focus being constitution = text (locatable in only one place) competing with constitution = government. A net score is proposed which measures the effort an author has expended to ‘cleanse’ his semantic palette by employing one semantic value over a competing value.

Gay Parenthood And The Revolution Of The Modern Family: An Examination Of The Unique Barriers Confronting Gay Adoptive Parents, Nicholas Arntsen

Nicholas Benedict Arntsen

Abstract: In recent decades, the structure of the American family has been revolutionized to incorporate families of diverse and unconventional compositions. Gay and lesbian couples have undoubtedly played a crucial role in this revolution by establishing families through the tool of adoption. Eleven adoptive parents from the state of Connecticut were interviewed to better conceptualize the unique barriers gay couples encounter in the process adoption. Both the scholarly research and the interview data illustrate that although gay couples face enormous legal barriers, the majority of their hardship comes through social interactions. As a result, the cultural myths and legal restrictions …

Freedom Of Media In India: A Weapon To Kill Enemies Or Protection Guard For Public-The Two Sides, Ratnesh Dwivedi Mr

Ratnesh Dwivedi

"The press [is] the only tocsin of a nation. [When it] is completely silenced... all means of a general effort [are] taken away." --Thomas Jefferson "Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression" is a fundamental right of the citizens of India. This is mentioned in Part III of the Constitution of India - Article 19(1). This Article is so wide in scope that Freedom of the Press is included in Freedom of Speech and Expression. It includes the right of free propagation and free circulation without any previous restraint on publication. The freedom of speech and expression does not give …

“Inherently Bad, And Bad Only”: A History Of State-Level Regulation Of Cigarettes And Smoking In The United States Since The 1880s. Volume 1: An In-Depth National Study Embedding Ultra-Thick Description Of A Representative State (Iowa), Marc Linder

Marc Linder

This book lays out empirical and methodological underpinnings for studying the early period of anti-cigarette legislation in the United States by overcoming the lack of primary source-based historical scholarship. Constantly repeating wildly erroneous claims at second, third, and more remote hand, anti-smoking academics and pro-tobacco apologists have fundamentally distorted history, on the one hand by dismissing the early anti-cigarette movement as merely religiously and morally motivated and the legislation it secured as unenforced exercises bereft of historical relevance, and, on the other by absurdly magnifying its achievements. Reconstruction of the national scope of the real course of the passage and …

Tea With The Chief: Ocl Interviews Chief Justice Rehnquist, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Annexed to the room in which the justices conference after oral argument, a chamber offers gilt-on-marble in fashion art deco: Rockefeller Center, the steamship Normandie, architectural tastes of futurismo dimension. In short, full on 1930s and architect Cass Gilbert letting his imagination take wing. This interview (re)launched OCL’s career as constitutional historian, following on two years’ study of the Nicomachean Ethics and the Politics. This is one of the few interviews not recorded on audiotape. Other interviewees include Michael Foote, J.O. Urmson, and Benson Mates. The interview (in context) continues in the next article. A longer recollection of this interview …

'Fair Play Has Entirely Ceased And Law Has Taken Its Place': The Rise And Fall Of The Squatter Republic In The West Branch Valley Of The Susquehanna River, 1768-1800, Marcus Gallo

Marcus Gallo

The article presents a history of land tenure in Pennsylvania, focusing on the squatter settlements established by Scots-Irish immigrants near the West Branch Valley of the Susquehanna River, known as the Fair Play region, from 1768 to 1800. The article details how the settlers established farms to lay claim to their lands, chronicles conflicts between squatters and Indians over land rights, and discusses how a tribunal known as the Fair Play Men were able to resolved disputes amongst settlers. Other topics include the Treaty of Fort Stanwix, a land sale negotiation between Pennsylvanians and members of the Haudenosaunee Indians, documents …

Cornering The Black Market: A Role For The Corner Store In Community Development, Seneca Vaught

Seneca Vaught

This paper addresses these important themes by examining the impact of corner stores in two American cities: Buffalo, New York and Atlanta, Georgia. The paper illustrates how corner stores can effectively address unique demands in urban niche markets and the problems and possibilities these approaches present. The paper puts these developments into a historical, economic and spatial context that illustrates how neighborhood stores emerge and the dynamics of race, economics, and geography that they engage. Finally, the paper illustrates several models for effective small propriety grocers that specifically address issues of economic disparity and racial divisions, illustrating how these examples …

"Even We Can't Prevent Forests: The Chemical War And The Illusion Of Control", Edwin Martini

Edwin A. Martini

By exploring tactical and strategic uses of chemical agents beyond Agent Orange and the other ‘Rainbow Herbicides’ used as part of Operation Ranch Hand during the Vietnam War, this essay seeks to fill a gap in our under- standing of the chemical war waged by the United States in South-east Asia, and to make a contribution to the growing body of literature devoted to the intersections of military and environmental history. Taking seriously the roles played by both human and non-human actors, it explores how the White House and Pentagon continually attempted, unsuccessfully, to impose more stringent forms of control …

Agent Orange: History, Science, And The Politics Of Uncertainty, Edwin A. Martini

Edwin A. Martini

Taking on what one former U.S. ambassador called “the last ghost of the Vietnam War,” this book examines the far-reaching impact of Agent Orange, the most infamous of the dioxin-contaminated herbicides used by American forces in Southeast Asia. Edwin A. Martini’s aim is not simply to reconstruct the history of the “chemical war” but to investigate the ongoing controversy over the short- and long-term effects of weaponized defoliants on the environment of Vietnam, on the civilian population, and on the troops who fought on both sides.

Beginning in the early 1960s, when Agent Orange was first deployed in Vietnam, Martini …

A. Philip Randolph And Boston's African-American Railroad Worker, James R. Green, Robert C. Hayden

James R. Green

On October 8, 1988, a group of retired Pullman car porters and dining car waiters gathered in Boston's Back Bay Station for the unveiling of a larger-than-life statue of A. Philip Randolph. During the 1920s and 1930s, Randolph was a pioneering black labor leader who led the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. He came to be considered the "father of the modern civil rights movement" as a result of his efforts to desegregate World War II defense jobs and the military services. Randolph's importance as a militant leader is highlighted by a quote inscribed on the base of the statue …

Marshall University Chronology, Lisle G. Brown, Cora P. Teel

Cora P. Teel

A year-by-year listing of selected important events, from the founding of Marshall University in 1837 to the present. This was developed as part of the University's 175th anniversary.

Camp Washington Carver, Lisle G. Brown

Lisle G Brown

A virtual exhibit devoted to the first African-American 4-H Camp in the United States. Established in 1937, the camp was initially called the Negro 4-H Camp, but was renamed Camp Washington Carver in 1947, after two prominent African-Americans, George Washington Carver and Booker T. Washington.The camp provided recreational, crafts, sports and other activities for the youth. In 1971 the camp was transferred to the control of the West Virginia State College and in 1978 to the West Department of Culture and History, which ended it traditional mission. In 1981 Governor Jay Rockefeller dedicated the site as Mountain Cultural Arts Center. …

Nauvoo's Temple Square, Lisle G. Brown

Lisle G Brown

In 1846 the Mormons abandoned Nauvoo, Illinois, and made their west to Utah. Among the many buildings left behind was the Nauvoo Temple. The temple, which was considered sacred space, was destroyed by arson and tornado, so that nothing of the original survived. This paper examines the history of the fifteen decades of the property after the Mormons left. During this time the lot served as profane space--a site for private residences; various business ventures, including a service station, saloons and a theater; a number of religious buildings; as well as a lighted baseball diamond. Beginning in the 1930s the …

1937 Flood Huntington, West Virginia - A Visual Experience, Lisle G. Brown

Lisle G Brown

An on-line exhibit of images taken by the United States Corps of Engineers of the 1937 flood that inundated Huntington, West Virginia. The exhibit includes both still and moving images, as well as a maps of the city pin-pointing the location of the images. It also includes additional snapshots taken by local residents, as well as newspaper clippings.

"Temple Pro Tempore": The Salt Lake City Endowment House, Lisle G. Brown

Lisle G Brown

The Salt Lake City Endowment House, built of adobe, was located on Temple Square in Salt Lake City, Utah. It served as a temporary temple during the construction of the Salt Lake Temple. It was completed in 1855 and razed in 1889. Using original floor plans, photographs, maps, and descriptions by persons who participated in its sacretodal activities, the author recreates its exterior and interior appearance. Floor plans and elevations of the building, prepared especially for the paper, are also included. The events leading to is destruction are chronicled. Finally, the author discusses the building’s influence on subsequent Mormon temple …

“The Idea Of Freedom Might Be Too Great A Temptation For Them To Resist", Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Table Annexed To Article: Wrongfully ‘Established And Maintained’: A Census Of Congress’S Sins Against Geography, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Taney, C.J. opined, for a majority of the Supreme Court, that Congress lacked the power to establish and maintain colonies as a system by which nascent states were groomed by Congress to join an expanding union. Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393 (1857). Did Congress wrongfully acquire half a continent? And what was the state of the union as of the Dred Scott decision?

Table Annexed To Article: From Treaty To Territory: Ocl Inventories American Expansion, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

OCL discusses patterns in state-making including nascent and nearly-nascent states. Divisions in acquisition and organization of land as well as management of territorial boundaries through multiple subdivisions are discussed.

Wrongfully ‘Established And Maintained’: A Census Of Congress’S Sins Against Geography, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Taney, C.J. opined, for a majority of the Supreme Court, that Congress lacked the power to establish and maintain colonies as a system by which nascent states were groomed by Congress to join an expanding union. Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393 (1857). Did Congress wrongfully acquire half a continent? And what was the state of the union as of the Dred Scott decision?

Table Annexed To Article: Taney’S Complaint: This Country’S Too Darn Big For Moveables, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Taney’s Dred Scott decision complains that Dred Scott’s freedom’s a federal taking of private property without compensation, a Fifth Amendment violation. How should mobilia be governed, given the nearly four dozen law-making jurisdictions, which, of 1857, are in the business of regulating attributes of mobilia; that is, assigning predicates to objects? A schema for tracking the claims teased out of Taney’s opinion is proposed. Can predicates in motion be made permanent?

History 650 Interviews: Disclaimer And Note On Use, Barbara Carol Allen

Barbara Allen

No abstract provided.

List Of Interviews Conducted By History 650 Students, Barbara Carol Allen

Barbara Allen

Interviews of De La Salle Christian Brothers, La Salle College and La Salle University Alumni, Faculty, Staff, Administrators, and residents of neighborhoods around La Salle University.

America's First Secession: The Lost State Of Franklin Fell Just Short Of Admission To The Young Union, Kevin T. Barksdale

Kevin T. Barksdale

On Dec. 14, 1784, a small assemblage of Tennessee Valley leading men met at a rustic courthouse in Jonesboro, N.C. under a darkening cloud of political uncertainty, 28 western political and economic leaders voted overwhelmingly to declare their communities' independence from their parent state of North Carolina and to form America's 14th state- Franklin.

The Lost State Of Franklin: America's First Secession, Kevin Barksdale

Kevin T. Barksdale

In the years following the Revolutionary War, the young American nation was in a state of chaos. Citizens pleaded with government leaders to reorganize local infrastructures and heighten regulations, but economic turmoil, Native American warfare, and political unrest persisted. By 1784, one group of North Carolina frontiersmen could no longer stand the unresponsiveness of state leaders to their growing demands. This ambitious coalition of Tennessee Valley citizens declared their region independent from North Carolina, forming the state of Franklin. This book chronicles the history of this ill-fated movement from its origins in the early settlement of East Tennessee to its …

“We Will Hold Our Land:” The Cherokee People In Postrevolutionary North America, 1781-1792, Kevin T. Barksdale

Kevin T. Barksdale

In June of 1783, Spain’s newly-appointed Governor of Louisiana Estevan Miro convened a conference of southeastern Indians in Pensacola with representatives from the dominant regional Amerindian groups, including the Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creeks in attendance. Among the attendees at the West Florida congress was a small contingent of Chickamauga Cherokee, led by their principal chief Dragging Canoe. During the parlay, Governor Miro implored the Indians to “not be afraid of the Americans,” promised to provide guns and ammunition in their ongoing efforts to prevent the further loss of their lands, and urged them to “continue to fight against American” westerners.